MindTap Quiz 1

_____, founded by William James, is a school of psychology that focuses on behavior as well as the mind or consciousness.

Functionalism

_____ research is best described as research that is undertaken because a researcher is interested in a research topic and not because it provides any immediate solution to personal or social problems.

Pure

Psychologists with a _____ seek the relationships between the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution, on the one hand, and behavior and mental processes on the other.

biological perspective

Mary Ann, an 18-year-old, has been depressed since she lost her sister in a car accident. She has frequent depressive episodes; these episodes last for days. She often turns hostile. Her family has decided that she needs professional help. The professional who would be most appropriate for Mary Ann is a(n) ________ psychologist.

clinical

The school of psychology that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior is called _____.

psychoanalysis

Wilson is a senior manager in a multinational company. He has several organizational decisions to make and has to facilitate growth. However, Wilson thinks that he is not capable of efficiently managing his employees, especially during times of crisis. He wants to improve his problem-solving skills. Which of the following should Wilson do to deal with such situations?

Wilson should use the principles of critical thinking.

In an experiment to determine whether marijuana abuse causes aggression, participants are given varying amounts of marijuana and its effects are measured. In this case, marijuana is a(n) _____ variable.

independent

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking?

Consider alternative interpretations of research evidence.

Which of the following groups of psychologists is likely to call themselves neoanalysts?

Contemporary psychologists who follow theories derived from Freud

Veronica, a psychology student, is analyzing a person with dissociative identity disorder as part of her thesis. However, she is not allowed to interact with the subject as the individual tends to get very hostile. She is allowed to watch how the individual behaves and goes about his daily activities. Given the situation, which method of research would be most appropriate for Veronica?

Naturalistic observations

_____ primarily identify and measure human traits and determine influences on human thought processes, feelings, and behavior.

Personality psychologists

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of structuralism?

It attempted to break conscious experience down into objective sensations.

Which of the following is true of behaviorism?

It is the school of psychology that focuses on learning observable behavior.

Simon is a psychologist who believes that self-awareness, experience, and choice permit people to invent themselves and their ways of relating to the world as they progress through life. His belief is slightly cognitive, but it emphasizes the role of subjective experience. Based on the information given in this scenario, Simon is a _____.

humanist

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbook of Ethics in Psychology, psychologists may use deception in their experiments:

only when they believe the benefits of the research outweigh its potential harm.

Researchers use a _____ so that identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample.

stratified sample

Psychologists with a cognitive perspective are most likely to:

venture into the realm of mental processes to understand human nature.

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbook of Ethics in Psychology, psychologists may harm animals in their experiments:

when researchers believe that the benefits of the research justify the harm.

Which of the following is a statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research?

A hypothesis

_____ is best described as the method used by psychologists to investigate whether observed behavior or a measured trait is related to another variable.

The correlational method