Mini Quiz #4

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment? A. Cones B. Fovea C. Lens D. Rods

A. Cones

Visual information is processed by ganglion cells A. before it is processed by rods and cones and after it is processed by bipolar cells. B. after it is processed by rods and cones and before it is processed by bipolar cells. C. before it is processed by rods and cones and before it is processed by bipolar cells. D. after it is processed by rods and cones and after it is processed by bipolar cells

D. after it is processed by rods and cones and after it is processed by bipolar cells

In most people, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________. A. cornea; iris B. fovea; lens C. iris; retina D. lens; fovea

D. lens; fovea

The retina's central focal point is the fovea, which contains: A. nothing. B. the same amount of rod and cones. C. more rods, and less cones. D. more cones, and less rods.

D. more cones, and less rods.

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies? A. bottom-up B. inside-out C. outside-in D. top-down

D. top-down

You open your eyes in the morning to see flowers by your bedside. At that point, your eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called A. transliteration. B. retinal transformation. C. opponent-process. D. transduction

D. transduction

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over. A. nociception B. proprioception C. somatosensation D. vestibular

D. vestibular

You wake up early in the morning and your room is fairly dark. You look over and see your shirt hanging on a hook. You know it's your red shirt because you hung it up there before you went to bed, but in the dark you can't see its color. It looks dark gray to you. Why is that? A. In the dim light, the cones in your eyes are not effective. B. In the dim light, the rods in your eyes are not effective. C. Your pupils do not dilate in the darkness. D. Both A and C are correct answers

A. In the dim light, the cones in your eyes are not effective.

Which of the following would decrease your absolute threshold for detecting a sound? A. Putting in a hearing aid. B. Taking out a hearing aid. C. Having a child scream in your ear. D. Both B and C are correct answers.

A. Putting in a hearing aid.

You have the ability to pick a hospital room for a loved one who is in a great deal of pain, you should pick a room with A. a window looking out on trees. B. a window overlooking a plain brick wall. C. no window. D. All of the above are the same.

A. a window looking out on trees.

The strength of a sound wave (i.e., the amplitude of the wave) determines what aspect of hearing? A. loudness B. pitch C. location D. frequency

A. loudness

Professor X is conducting a study on _______________. She shows her study participants a picture of an adult-child pair. She tells half of the participants that they are looking at a parent and their child. She tells the other half that they are looking at a daycare worker and a child in the daycare center. The group that thinks the pair is related rate them as looking more alike than the group that thinks they are not related. A. perceptual sets B. subliminal messages C. precognition D. misattribution bias

A. perceptual sets

Pain is different from vision because A. there is no single type of stimulus for pain, but there is for vision. B. pain is detected through sensory receptors and vision is not. C. vision is a chemical sense and pain is not. D. there is no single type of stimulus for vision, but there is for pain.

A. there is no single type of stimulus for pain, but there is for vision.

Prosopagnosia is a cognitive disorder characterized by impaired ______________. ________________ remains intact. A. top-down processing; bottom-up processing B. perception; sensation C. sensation; perception D. Both A and B are correct answers. E. Both A and C are correct answers.

A. top-down processing; bottom-up processing

Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one-third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept? A. Bottom-up processing B. Inattentional blindness C. Sensory adaptation D. Top-down processing

B. Inattentional blindness

A researcher carries out an experiment to compare people's judgments of the service they receive at a restaurant in relation to their senses. The researcher has the same team of wait staff serve one group of participants in two different restaurants. Restaurant A is over 100 years old and smells distinctly of stale cigarette smoke. Restaurant B was built the previous year and has a brand new ventilation system. At _____________, the researcher expects participants to rate the service more _________________. A. Restaurant A ; favorably B. Restaurant A ; negatively C. Restaurant B ; honestly D. Restaurant B ; negatively

B. Restaurant A ; negatively

Smell is a(n) _______________ sense. A. auditory B. chemical C. subliminal D. vestibular

B. chemical

Nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as shape or angle. This is know as_________. The brain then processes all that information at the same time, which is known as _________. Then the process known as _________ couples all of the neural activity into a complete image in the cerebral cortex. A. feature detection; sensation ; binding B. feature detection; parallel processing ; binding C. perception; parallel processing ; binding D. parallel processing; binding ; feature detection

B. feature detection; parallel processing ; binding

As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to________ of the sound waves they are producing. A. increase the frequency B. increase the amplitude C. decrease the frequency D. decrease the amplitude

B. increase the amplitude

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light. A. higher amplitude B. longer wavelengths C. shorter wavelengths D. lower amplitude

B. longer wavelengths

Experiencing sudden pain is to _____________ as recognizing that you are suffering a heart attack is to _____________. A. top-down processing; bottom-up processing B. sensation; perception C. perception; sensation D. Both A and B are correct answers.

B. sensation; perception

Perception is the start of ____________ processing as sensation is the start of _____________ processing. A. bottom-up; top-down B. top-down; bottom-up

B. top-down; bottom-up

Ben was in a heavy metal band for 25 years and is now retiring from the music industry to open a bakery. However, his years of playing extremely loud music have left him with severe hearing loss. To run his bakery, he must be able to hear his oven timers, colleagues, and customers! He sees a hearing specialist who recommends a(n) A. ear candle treatment. B. hearing aid. C. cochlear implant. D. ear trumpet.

C. cochlear implant.

You smell a scent that reminds you of a happy time you had on vacation when you were younger. This is because your receptor cells A. hold memories of previous smells, which trigger when the receptor cells are activated. B. send messages to your cerebellum via the brain's olfactory bulb. C. send messages to the temporal lobe and limbic system. D. have muscle memory.

C. send messages to the temporal lobe and limbic system.

_____ is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular sensory stimulus (e.g., light, sound, pressure, taste) _____of the time. A. Absolute threshold; 30% B. Sensation; 50% C. Perception; 50% D. Absolute threshold; 50%

D. Absolute threshold; 50%

You are babysitting for a friend. Their 2-year-old child refuses to eat the creamed spinach you made them for dinner. Why might this be? A. The child may not have tried spinach enough to accept it yet. B. The child's inherited biological wisdom tells them the spinach could be toxic. C. Taste serves a survival function, and bitter tastes like spinach are associated with poison. D. Answers A, B, and C are all correct.

D. Answers A, B, and C are all correct.

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater? A. Cones B. Fovea C. Iris D. Rods

D. Rods