MIS Chapter 7

What is meant by the Web's "Bow Tie" structure? Why does this indicate the need to have effective search engines?

- 75% chance there is no connection between two randomly chosen pages - "deep web" may be 2x larger than crawlable web (see picture in slides)

What is an extranet? What is a DMZ?

-Extranet is external internet. Giving an external partner limited access to a system using a password. -DMZ refers to the demilitarized zone, an area of the network that is separate from the organization's LAN.

Be able to explain the difference between HTML and XML.

-HTML is for formatting the webpage on your browser. -XML allows us to define meaning into the document so computers can understand meaning and allows them to compute interaction.

Be able to identify the three phases of the Internet evolution, the year of transition from one phase to the next, and the key event that triggered the transition from one phase to the next.

-Innovation Phase (1961-1974) (1960s)US DOD investigates packet switching (1969) First message on ARPANET sent from UCLA to Stanford: lo (1973) Bob Metcalfe invented Ethernet and local area networks (LANS) -Institutionalization Phase (1974-1995) (1974) Venton Cerf and Bob Kahn develop open architecture TCP/IP concepts (1995)NSF drops NSFNET and Acceptable Use Policy -Commercialization Phase (1995-Present)

Be able to explain how the Google search algorithm works and the innovation of Google Instant Search.

1. A user enters a search query 2. Google's web servers receive the search request. Google uses an estimated 500,000 to 1 million PC's linked together and connected to the internet to handle incoming queries and produce search results. 3. The search request is sent to Googles Index servers, which maintain data about the web pages that contain the keywords matching the query and the location of those pages. 4. Using Googles PageRank software, the system measures the importance or popularity of each page by solving an equation with more than 500 million variables and 2 billion terms. These are likely the "best" pages for the query. 5. Small text summaries are prepared for each webpage. 6. Results are delivered to user. 10 to a page.

How has the Internet impacted the four main aspects of online travel services over the past decade?

1. Airline reservations (largest component) -$54 billion in 2009; $75 billion in 2013 2. Hotel reservations -$33 billion in 2009, $59 billion in 2013 3. Car reservations -$5.2 billion in 2009, $7.2 billion in 2013 4. Cruise/tours -Slow growth; not as suited for Internet

What are the two types of top level domains?

1. Organizational (Generic TLDs: gTLDs) 2. Geographical (Country code TLDs: ccTLDs)

What is an interorganizational system?

A Secure network. -Uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect intranets of business partners -Critical for sophisticated supply chain systems Type of interorganizational system (IOS): -Electronic funds transfer (EFT) -Electronic data interchange (EDI) -eXtensible markup language (XML) -Radio frequency identification (RFID)

What is the internet?

A network of networks.

What is search engine click fraud?

About 18% of all clicks Click on competitor ads to drive up costs Click on your site's ads to increase revenue Click on our ad to improve rank Not clicking on competitor ads to lower ranking May utilize click bots May hire third party to fraudulently click

What is the difference between a directory and a search engine?

Directory - organize information into categories, indexes of information based on keywords in documents. Types: automated (crawler-based) and human powered Search Engines - provides easy way to look up information and resources on the internet, enables users to retrieve data from the Web by searching using search terms. Google or ask.com

Understand the difference between a domain name, an IP address, and a URL.

Domain Name - Unique identifiers of network addresses on the internet expressed in natural language Ex: www.ndsu.edu IP address - Assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Ex: 208.77.188.166 Uniform Resource Locators (URL) - Addresses used by Web browsers to identify location of a particular Web page. Address of a document or site on the internet Ex: http://www.ndsu.edu/new_students/application.pdf Suffix indicating the top-level domain (TLD) Ex: .edu means it's an educational institution

SMTP is a protocol associated with what application?

Email.

What is an intranet? What are some intranet applications?

Intranet is building an internal network within a company.

HTTP is a protocol associated with what application?

Locating resources on the web.

Who is credited with inventing the browser? What company did he start?

Marc Andreessen and he started Netscape.

How has the Internet impacted the delivery of higher education over the past decade? What are MOOCs?

Most universities have Web sites offering: -Information about departments, programs, faculty, and academic resource -Virtual tours of the campus - Online degree programs -Possible for students who couldn't attend school otherwise to enroll in classes -More universities offering free MOOCs (massive open online courses)

Who is credited with inventing the World Wide Web? What did he do to "create" the Web?

Tim Berners-Lee. He connected hypertext to TCP and DNS.

What is Web 2.0? What are some key applications of Web 2.0? What is Web 3.0?

Web 2.0 is the interactive web (social media, wiki's, users building content). Web 3.0 is the semantic web, using XML builds more understanding and meaning into the internet. The network is getting smarter.

What do experts predict the Internet will be like in 2020?

•More people will use it •It will be more geographically dispersed •It will be more a network of devices •It will carry much more content •Wireless and fully integrated with tracking sensors •Cloud computing will continue to grow •It will be greener •Network management will be more automated •Connectivity will become less important •There will be more hackers