MIS180 Oregon SDSU FINAL EXAM
Business process
A standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as a specific process
Intermediary
Agents, software, or businesses that provide a trading infrastructure to bring buyers and sellers together
Online transaction processing (OLTP)
Capturing of transaction and event information using technology to process, store, and update
Search engine ranking
Evaluates variables that search engines use to determine where a URL appears on the list of search results
Threat of new entrants
High when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and low when there are significant entry barriers
Synchronous communication
IM for chat (instant)
Tacit knowledge
Knowledge contained in people's heads
Switching cost
Manipulating costs that make customers reluctant to switch to another product
Effectiveness MIS metrics
Measures the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversation rates
Chief information officer (CIO)
Oversees all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives
Source document
The original transaction record
Market share
The portion of the market that a firm captures (External KPI)
Ethics
The principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people
Behavioral analytics
Uses data about people's behaviors to understand intent and predict future actions
Cybermediation
refers to the creation of new kinds of intermediaries that simply could not have existed before the advent of ebusiness
Reintermediation
steps are added to the value chain as new players find ways to add value to the business process
Virtual reality
A computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world
Nonrepudiation
A contractual stipulation to ensure that ebusiness participants do not deny their online actions
Entry barrier
A feature of a product or service that customers have come to expect and entering competitors must offer the same for survival
Business process model
A graphic description of a process, showing the sequence of process tasks, which is developed for a specific
Fuzzy logic
A mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information
Disruptive technology
A new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers
Benchmarking
A process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance
Competitive advantage
A product or service that an organization's customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitor
Executive information system (EIS)
A specialized DSS that supports senior level executives within the organization
Systems thinking
A way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part
Genetic algorithm
An artificial intelligent system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem
Technology development
Applies MIS to processes to add value
Neural Network
Attempts to emulate the way the human brain works
Benchmark
Baseline values the system seeks to attain
Transaction processing system (TPS)
Basic business system that serves the operational level and assists in making structured decisions
Search engine optimization
Combines art along with science to determine how to make URLs more attractive to search engines resulting in higher search engine ranking
Expert system
Computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems
Explicit knowledge
Consists of anything that can be documented, achieved, and codified, often with the help of IT
Internet use policy
Contains general principles to guide the proper use of the Internet
Machine-generated data
Created by a machine without human intervention
Information
Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Human-generated data
Data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate
Predictive analytics
Extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns
Information ethics
Govern the ethical and moral issues arising from the development and use of information technologies, as well as the creation, collection, duplication, distribution, and processing of information itself
Streamlining
Improves business process efficiencies by simplifying or eliminating unnecessary steps
Firm infrastructure
Includes the company format or departmental structures, environment, and systems
Return on investment (ROI)
Indicates the earning power of a project (Internal KPI)
Knowledge worker
Individual valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information
Business Intelligence (BI)
Information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyze patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making
Strategic decision making
Managers develop overall strategies, goals, and objectives
Efficiency MIS metrics
Measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability
Open system
Nonproprietary hardware and software based on publicly known standards that allows third parties to create add-on products to plug into or interoperate with the system
Bottleneck
Occur when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle any additional demands
Unstructured decisions
Occurs in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice
Personalization
Occurs when a company knows enough about a customer's likes and dislikes that it can fashion offers more likely to appeal to that person
Redundancy
Occurs when a task or activity is unnecessarily repeated
First-mover advantage
Occurs when an organization can significantly impact its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage
Human resource management
Provides employee training, hiring, and compensation
Procurement
Purchases inputs such as raw materials, resources, equipment, and supplies
Data
Raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Acceptable use policy (AUP)
Requires a user to agree to follow it to be provided access to corporate email, information systems, and the Internet
Chief knowledge officer (CKO)
Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge
Chief privacy officer (CPO)
Responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information
Loyalty program
Rewards customers based on the amount of business they do with a particular organization
Knowledge
Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources
Shopping bot
Software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer's offerings including price and availability
Intelligent agent
Special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users
Mass customization
The ability of an organization to tailor its products or services to the customers' specifications
Buyer power
The ability of buyers to affect the price of an item
Privacy
The right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent
Analytics
The science of fact-based decision making
Value chain analysis
Views a firm as a series of business processes that each add value to the product or service
Search engine
Website software that finds other pages based on keyword matching similar to Google
Source code
contains instructions weitten by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software
Innovator's Dilemma
discusses how established companies can take advantage of disruptive technologies without hindering existing relationships with customers, partners, and stakeholders
Asynchronous communication
SWOT analysis
evaluates an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to identify significant influences that work for or against business strategies
Closed source
is any proprietary software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder
Disintermediation
occurs when a business sells directly to the customer online and cuts out the intermediary
Open source
refers to any software whose sources code is made available free for any third party to review or modify (CUSTOMIZABLE)
Confidentiality
the assurance that messages and information are available only to those who are authorized to view them
Crowdsourcing
the wisdom of the crowd
Sustaining technology
Produces an improved product customers are eager to buy
