MOCK BOC 2023

What should you calculate if you want to determine the incidence of injuries for last season's men's soccer team, per the number of individual athlete exposures? - Incidence of injury - Injury prevalence - Injury exposure rate - Injury likelihood ratio

Injury exposure rate

You are concerned that an athlete may have a symptomatic ovarian cyst. Referral to which health-care provider is most appropriate for this condition? - Obstetrician - Gynecologist - Gastroenterologist - General surgeon

Gynecologist

A normal pulse rate for adults is between 60 and 100 beats/min. Which of the following conditions might be indicated by a pulse that is more rapid than normal but is also strong? - Diabetic coma - Shock - Cerebral vascular incident - Heatstroke

Heatstroke

Which of the following conditions would be exacerbated by a high pollen count? - Hypertension - Bronchitis - Diabetes - Tonsilitis

Bronchitis

Which football player would be most likely to wear a cantilevered shoulder pad? - Quarterback - Punter/kicker - Youth football player - Linebacker - Wide receiver

Linebacker

Before initiating a conditioning program, participants should complete a preparticipation multistage health screening that includes the use of self-guided questionnaires. What health questionnaire should be used for participants aged 15 to 69 years to determine if they should consult a physician before beginning a conditioning program? - ICD-9 - PIQ-6 - PAR-Q - PHQ-9

PAR-Q

The athletic training clinic at your university has recently hired a physical therapist and an occupational therapist to provide healthcare to student athletes. With the addition of health-care professionals with different credentials, which style of medical documentation should your clinic use to enhance provider communication? - Problem-oriented - Charting by exception - Focus charting - Narrative charting

Problem-oriented

An adolescent softball pitcher with a history of neurological symptoms in her throwing shoulder and elbow has been diagnosed with neurapraxia of her radial nerve. What is neurapraxia? - Stretching of the nerve, epineurium, and myelin sheath - Complete disruption of the nerve - Disruption of the axon and myelin sheath of the nerve - Disruption of blood flow to the nerve

Stretching of the nerve, epineurium, and myelin sheath

A member of your soccer team carries the sickle cell trait. What equipment should be on the sideline while this athlete is practicing to best manage a potential exertional sickling episode? - Isotonic electrolyte beverages - Liquid glucose - Supplemental oxygen - Ice immersion tub - Rescue inhaler

Supplemental oxygen

While exercising, a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus begins to experience symptoms of hypoglycemia. Using a glucometer, he assesses his blood glucose level. What reading indicates hypoglycemia? - 125 mg/dL - 100 mg/dL - 75 mg/dL - 55 mg/dL

55 mg/dL

At what intensity should older adults participate in a cardiovascular training program aimed at increasing Vo2max? - 70%-90% maximum heart rate - 60%-80% maximum heat rate - 35%-55% maximum heart rate - 20%-40% maximum heart rate

60%-80% maximum heat rate

What is the recommended intensity for cardiovascular training during a continuous workout? - 30%-45% of maximum heart rate - 45%-60% of maximum heart rate - 70%-85% of maximum heart rate - 90%-100% of maximum heart rate

70%-85% of maximum heart rate

You are performing one-person CPR on an unconscious victim. What is the proper compression-to-breath ratio? - 5:1 - 5:2 - 30:1 - 15:2 - 30:2

30:2

Which of the following assessment tools can best assist in determining if the therapeutic interventions in your treatment plan have been effective in decreasing your patient's ankle joint effusion? - Handheld dynamometer - Volumetric measurement - Lower extremity functional scale - Goniometer

Volumetric measurement

Exposure to which of the following body fluids does not require the use of universal precautions? - Vomitus - Cerebrospinal fluid - Vaginal secretions - Synovial fluid

Vomitus

A middle-aged coach falls unconscious on the sideline. Her skin is cool and dry, and her breathing is labored. Her face is flushed, and there is a sweet odor on her breath. What do you suspect? - Stroke - Diabetic coma - Insulin shock - Anaphylactic shock

Diabetic coma

Your team physician has decided to use fluoroscopy instead of an x-ray-based radiograph to view an athlete's painful ankle. The athlete is unfamiliar with fluoroscopy and apprehensive about this testing method. How would you explain the advantage of using fluoroscopy instead of x-ray-based radiographs? - Fluoroscopy is more detailed than x-ray-based radiographs - Fluoroscopy images can be taken with the patient in weight-bearing positions - Fluoroscopy can be used on women who are pregnant - Fluoroscopy does not use radiation in creating images

Fluoroscopy images can be taken with the patient in weight-bearing positions

Which of the following questions is illegal to ask a potential employee during an interview? - Are you older than age 18? - Do you anticipate any absences from work on a regular basis? - Do you have any restrictions on your ability to travel? - Are you available to work on weekends? - How many children are you planning to have?

How many children are you planning to have?

An athlete reports to the athletic training room complaining of burning, numbness, and shooting pain between the third and fourth metatarsal heads. He reports that the pain increases when he wears cleats and lessens when he is sitting or wearing sandals. Which of the following conditions is most closely associated with these symptoms? - Peroneal nerve palsy - Morton's neuroma - Tarsal tunnel syndrome - Medial plantar nerve compression syndrome - March fracture

Morton's neuroma

Based on the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Position Statement on Fluid Replacement, in what situation are IV fluids indicated? - Moderate (2% to 5%) hypohydration - Severe (> 5%) hypohydration - Ongoing vomiting and/or diarrhea - Gain in body weight during the activity

Ongoing vomiting and/or diarrhea

What type of analysis is considered a comprehensive tool to be used in the strategic planning and program review process for an existing athletic training program? - HCFA analysis - Strengths/weaknesses analysis - WOTS-UP analysis - Samson analysis - Forecast analysis

WOTS-UP analysis

Which structure returns deoxygenated blood to the heart? - Aortic arch - Pulmonary artery - Pulmonary vein - Superior and inferior vena cava - Left ascending coronary artery

Superior and inferior vena cava

To what pressure point should digital pressure be applied to control bleeding from a wound in the lower leg? - Brachial - Femoral - Subclavian - Bicipital - Carotid

Femoral

Which of the following best describes the location of the sinus tarsi? - Just posterior to the lateral malleolus - Just posterior to the medial malleolus - Just anterior to the lateral malleolus - Just anterior to the medial malleolus - Just inferior to the lateral malleolus

Just anterior to the lateral malleolus

As running speeds increase, which muscle group's time of activity increases significantly during both stance and swing phases of gait? - Hamstrings - Gastrocnemius - Quadriceps - Tibialis anterior

Quadriceps

What emergency medical equipment should be included in an athletic trainer's emergency action plan (EAP) to diagnose an athlete with exertional heatstroke? - Pen light - Rectal thermometer - Reflex hammer - Urinalysis dipstick

Rectal thermometer

A swimmer at a high school for which you are the athletic trainer has been diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Which statement best characterizes this condition? - Currently the leading cause of sudden death in athletes - Characterized by a prolonged P-R interval and a shortened QRS complex - Results in atrial pre-excitation and bradycardia due to accessory pathway electrical activity - Results in delayed atrial excitation and tachycardia due to an electrical accessory pathway - Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

Characterized by ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia due to electrical conduction over accessory pathways

Based on wavelength and frequency, which infrared modality is capable of achieving the greatest effective depth of penetration? - Cold packs - Cold whirlpool - Warm whirlpool - Moist heat - Paraffin bath

Cold packs

Which type of organizational culture is characterized by a focus on teamwork, building consensus, and decision-making by all members of the staff? - Collegial culture - Personalistic culture - Formalistic culture - Focus-oriented culture

Collegial culture

Which of the following potential causes of sudden cardiac death is caused by an extrinsic risk factor? - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Long QT syndrome - Commotio cordis - Myocarditis

Commotio cordis

You have chosen to assess an athlete's cervical myotomes. Based on the photo, which cervical myotome is being assessed? (Image on Rozzi pg.167) - C5 - C6 - C7 - C8 - T1

C5

Your patient presents with complains of cervical spine pain with limited motion. While conducting an examination you note right side cervical hypomobility, attributed to muscle spasms and contractions, causing a right side lateral flexion posture. How should you apply these examination findings to the patient's cervical traction treatment? - During traction you should apply equal tension to both sides of the cervical spine - During traction you should apply greater tension to the right side of the cervical spine - During traction you should apply greater tension to the left side of the cervical spine - You should delay the use of cervical traction until the patient's cervical posture is restored to normal

During traction you should apply greater tension to the right side of the cervical spine

The 20-year-old tennis player you saw 2 weeks ago for a gastrointestinal tract virus reports to your athletic training facility complaining of pain and weakness of both legs and nocturnal muscle cramps. During your examination, you note he does not have a fever, but he is demonstrating slightly diminished reflexes bilaterally. Based on his presentation and your examination findings, you refer him to your university's' health-care facility to be seen by a physician. When documenting your examination and referral for this athlete, which of the following conditions should you indicate is included in your initial differential diagnosis? - Viral meningitis - Guillain-Barre syndrome - Multiple sclerosis - Bell's palsy

Guillain-Barre syndrome

You are treating a dancer for sesamoiditis that has not resolved with conservative treatment measures. A radiograph was originally obtained to rule out acute fracture. What additional diagnostic testing is indicated to provide a more definitive diagnosis and direct treatment moving forward? - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out stress reaction, bipartite sesamoid, or soft tissue inflammation - Repeat radiograph to determine if a previously unidentifiable fracture is present - Bone scan to identify metabolic activity in the bone - Diagnostic ultrasound to visualize soft tissue versus bony pathology

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to rule out stress reaction, bipartite sesamoid, or soft tissue inflammation

How often should expendable supplies be inventoried to ensure that an adequate supply is available at all times? - Daily - Weekly - Monthly - Semiannually

Monthly

Why are automated external defibrillator (AEDs) effective in preventing sudden death from a cardiac emergency during sports activity? - Most cardiac emergencies in sports activities involve atrial fibrillation - Most cardiac emergencies in sports activities involve cardiac arrest - Most cardiac emergencies in sports activities involve ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest - Most cardiac emergencies in sports activities involve cardiac arrhythmia and congestive heart failure - Most cardiac emergencies in sports activities involve valve dysfunction

Most cardiac emergencies in sports activities involve ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest

Which assessment technique would best assist the clinician in determining when an athlete should be moved from cryotherapy to thermotherapy modalities? - Goniometric measurements - Visual analog scale for pain - Functional testing - Palpation to assess point tenderness - Ligamentous stress tests

Palpation to assess point tenderness

When obtaining informed consent before rendering treatment, which of the following must exist for consent to be considered valid? - The patient must consent voluntarily and be a competent adult - The patient must be at least 16 years old - The patient must understand and be able to clearly articulate the benefits and risks of the proposed treatment - The patient must be conscious and in full control of his or her faculties

The patient must consent voluntarily and be a competent adult

An athlete who recently sustained a concussion and remains symptomatic is anxious to return for tomorrow's game. As his athletic trainer you are receiving pressure from the athlete, his parents, and the coaching staff to clear him for full participation. Which of the following is the best reason for withholding this athlete from participation? - The athlete is at increased risk for cerebral blood clots - The athlete is at increased risk for sustaining second-impact syndrome - The athlete is at increased risk for sustaining a stroke - The athlete is at increased risk for sustaining a brain aneurysm - The athlete is at increased risk for postconcussive syndrome

The athlete is at increased risk for sustaining second-impact syndrome

A soccer player reports that his physician has recently started him on a prescription for tetracycline to manage acne. Which of the following is an important consideration based on the new medication? - The athlete is now at a higher risk for heat illness - The athlete should increase fluid intake to combat the diuretic effect of the medication - The athlete is at risk for photosensitivity to sun exposure - The athlete should have liver function tests completed every 3 months

The athlete is at risk for photosensitivity to sun exposure

An athlete sustains a head injury. During the evaluation of the athlete, the halo test is positive. What does this indicate, and what steps should be taken to manage this injury? - The athlete is leaking cerebrospinal fluid and should be referred immediately for evaluation of possible skull fracture - The athlete is bleeding from a skill fracture and should be referred immediately - The athlete has an epidural hematoma, and emergency medical services (EMS) should be called for immediate transport - The athlete has a concussion and should be monitored and reassessed every 20 minutes - The athlete has sustained a nasal fracture that involves the sinuses and should be referred to an ear, nose, and throat specialist

The athlete is leaking cerebrospinal fluid and should be referred immediately for evaluation of possible skull fracture

Which type of travel is most likely to result in circadian dysrhythmia? - Travel from California to Massachusetts - Travel from Louisiana to Colorado - Travel from Wisconsin to Florida - Travel from Indiana to Oregon

Travel from California to Massachusetts

You elect to transport a student athlete to the emergency department for evaluation of a closed head injury. Which health professional will the athlete encounter first when you enter the emergency department? - Physician's assistant or nurse practicioner - Emergency department physician - Registered trauma nurse - Triage nurse - Neurologist

Triage nurse

While attending a local theater performance, you observe a man collapse in the aisle of the theatre, and bystanders begin compression-only CPR. According to the American Heart Association Guidelines, how would you characterize the response to this emergency situation? - Bystanders regardless of level of training should provide breaths in addition to compressions in case the cause of arrest is related to asphyxial causes - CPR performed in any way is ineffective without use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) - Untrained bystanders are more likely to perform compression-only CPR and can be more easily guided by dispatchers. In addition, the survival rates between compression-only and conventional CPR are not significantly different - Bystanders could provide the most effective assistance by foregoing compressions and instead calling 911 and administering an AED if available

Untrained bystanders are more likely to perform compression-only CPR and can be more easily guided by dispatchers. In addition, the survival rates between compression-only and conventional CPR are not significantly different

In planning a sports medicine program, an institution or organization must initially develop a vision statement and a mission statement for the program. There are distinct elements of both vision statements and mission statements. Using the table provided, assign each element to either the vision statement or the mission statement of the sports medicine program. A:Philosophy of the program B: Service provider's name C: Quality declaration D: Goals of the program E: Identification of the target clients F: Technology to be used in delivering services G: Code of behavior of program personnel

Vision Statement: B, C, E Mission Statement: A, D, F

After completing a patient history and range of motion assessment, the athletic trainer is concerned that the athlete's pain may be related to vertebral disc damage. Which of the following groups of special tests would best assist the athletic trainer in ruling out this pathology? - Well straight leg raise test, Kernig-Brudzinski test, and Valsalva's maneuver - Hoover test, bowstring test, and Milgram's test - Lasegue's test, quadrant test, and spring test - Tension sign, stork standing test, and long sit test - Gaenslen's test, bilateral straight leg raise test, and slump test

Well straight leg raise test, Kernig-Brudzinski test, and Valsalva's maneuver

When managing an athlete with an acute airway obstruction, when should emergency medical services be activated? - If the athlete complains of throat irritation following dislodgment of the obstruction - On initiation of CPR - When the athlete cannot cough, speak, or breathe - If the athlete cannot be stopped from coughing forcefully and continually

When the athlete cannot cough, speak, or breathe

What question does the assessment portion of an initial evaluation medical record answer? - Why does this patient require rehabilitation skills and services? - Does this patient need to be seen by another health-care provider? - When will the patient be ready to return to full activity or sports participation? - How did the patient's injury occur? - What treatments will best benefit the patient?

Why does this patient require rehabilitation skills and services?

When using a Swiss Ball in the rehabilitation process, which of the following is important to ensure the patient is safe while using the equipment? - Fully inflate the ball to within 1% of the maximum diameter - Have the patient remove his or her shoes to increase stability and traction - Encourage the patient to use a small bouncing motion to facilitate ease of movement - Ask the patient to remove belts and everything from the pockets

Ask the patient to remove belts and everything from the pockets

Before beginning a continuous ultrasound treatment, what should you tell the athlete to expect to feel? - A mild muscle contraction - Pins and needles sensation - No sensation - A mild sensation of warmth - An intense sensation of warmth

A mild sensation of warmth

When completing a primary survey, what is the first component that should be assessed? - Airway, breathing, and circulation - Presence of spinal cord involvement - Patient's position and presence of deformities - Level of consciousness

Level of consciousness

You have been asked to speak at a local Rotary Club meeting regarding recommendations for improving nutrition and physical activity for the general population. Which of the following resources might you share with your audience? - National Strength and Conditioning Association website, which is updated regularly - Healthy People 2020 objectives, which are updated every 10 years - Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which are updated regularly - American College of Sports Medicine position statements, which are updated periodically as information changes

Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which are updated regularly

Which of the following terms is consistent with an increased carrying angle of greater than 14 degrees in a male subject? - Cubitus varus - Genu recurvatum - Cubitus valgus - Genu varum

Cubitus valgus

Your softball team is preparing to practice when you notice the sky darkening. What lightning safety strategies should be recommended in this situation? Select all that apply. A: Avoid open areas, such as dugouts, refreshment stands, and gazebos B: Stay away from trees, flagpoles, and light poles C: Avoid taking a shower or using sinks D: Avoid close proximity to appliances and electronics E: Unplug computers and televisions F: Avoid using cellular phones G: If you hear crackling noises, lie flat on the ground H: Avoid places termed "shelters," such as picnic, park, and rain nonmetal shelters and storage sheds

A, B, C, D, H

You are organizing a station-based preparticipation examination before the start of the academic year. The first station in the examination will be the review of individuals' medical history. Which member of your health-care team is best qualified to conduct this review? - Athletic training student - Team manager - Certified athletic trainer - Emergency medical technician - Physical therapist

Certified athletic trainer

You are concerned that severe thunderstorms may pass through your area during the afternoon practice sessions. What actions should you take to maximize athlete safety and minimize communication problems with the coaching staff? - Notify all the coaches as soon as inclement weather is sighted - Discuss with the coaches early in the day that weather may impact practice, review procedures, and provide updates as the weather system approaches - Send the coaches an e-mail that weather may impact practices later in the day - Speak to each of the coaches as they are beginning their practice and let them know you will be monitoring the weather and will tell them if they need to leave the field

Discuss with the coaches early in the day that weather may impact practice, review procedures, and provide updates as the weather system approaches

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebral cortex manages complex problems and abstract thought? - Parietal lobe - Temporal lobe - Frontal lobe - Occipital lobe - Medulla

Frontal lobe

Your patient is participating in a lower extremity plyometric training program. One of the bounding exercises in his program is skipping on a hard, flat surface. Because this patient has been successfully performing this exercise, which of the following should now be added to his program to progress him to a more difficult bounding exercise? - Hip-twist ankle hop - Single-leg bounding - Standing long jump - Two foot ankle hop

Single-leg bounding

What risk management areas should be developed with guidelines before the start of a season? - Emergency action plan, exposure control plan, and environmental hazards plan - Treatment procedures, general policies, and emergency medical service protocols - Pregnant athlete policy, employee infectious disease plan, and physician referral protocol - Surgical observation guidelines, phone contact list, and method of recording medication administration - Forms to communicate with strength and conditioning personnel, scheduling policies, and dress code

Emergency action plan, exposure control plan, and environmental hazards plan

Your patient is a 15-year-old very competitive year-round swimmer. While completing a treatment and rehabilitation program for her injured shoulder she needs to avoid cardiovascular deconditioning, so you are including a stationary bicycle cardiovascular training program as part of her rehabilitation plan. Using the Karvonen method, and knowing her resting heart rate is 68 beats/min, what is this patient's maximal heart rate for a 70% training intensity? - 96 beats/min - 164 beats/min - 174 beats/min - 144 beats/min

164 beats/min

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines for Sports Participation, which of the following athletes should be recommended for clearance to participate? - An athlete recently diagnosed with carditis wishing to participate in lacrosse - An athlete with atlantoaxial instability wishing to participate in cross country - A offensive lineman with one kidney - An athlete with an enlarged spleen wishing to participate in swimming - An athlete with an enlarged liver wishing to participate in basketball

An athlete with atlantoaxial instability wishing to participate in cross country

The readiness of someone to recognize he or she has a mental health problem and possess the desire to do something about it can be categorized using Prochaska and DiClementi's framework for assessing readiness. In order to assist the patient with developing a treatment plan (including referral), in which of these stages should the patient be categorized? - Precontemplation stage - Preparation stage - Action stage - Contemplation stage - Follow-up stage

Contemplation stage

Barring any significant medical contraindications, which of the following exercise activities are safe to participate in during pregnancy? - Basketball if the individual was participating regularly before becoming pregnant - Running if the individual was running regularly before becoming pregnant - Hot yoga if the session is limited to less than 90 minutes - Scuba diving if not undergoing initial certification

Running if the individual was running regularly before becoming pregnant

How often should therapeutic modality equipment be inspected and calibrated to ensure patient safety? - Every 6 months - Annually - Every other year - Every 5 years

Annually

In order to protect health-care professionals providing care in a life-threatening emergency, how often does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) require mandatory training for managing bloodborne pathogens? - Every 6 months - Annually - Every other year - Every 5 years

Annually

How does a cold application, used when a patient's injury is in the acute inflammatory phase, produce cellular function and blood dynamic changes that suppress the body's inflammatory response? Select all that apply. A: Reduces the release of inflammatory mediators B: Decrease prostaglandin synthesis C: Increases capillary permeability D: Decreases leukocyte/endothelial interactions E: Increases creatine kinase activity

A, B, D

An athlete presents with a 2-day history of red, watery, itchy eye. Her roommate was diagnosed 3 days ago with viral conjunctivitis. After examination you conclude this athlete likely has the same condition. Which of the following actions is included in the recommended treatment plan for a patient with viral conjunctivitis? Select all that apply. A: Use over-the-counter artificial tears B: Keep distance from others, as this condition is highly contagious C: Use topical antibiotic eyes drops or ointments D: Practice appropriate personal hygiene and hand washing E: Use over-the-counter vasoconstrictors F: Return to sport activity after completing 1 or 2 days of topical antibiotic therapy G: Use oral over-the-counter analgesics for pain management as needed H: Refer to an eye care practitioner for diagnosis

A, B, D, E, G, H

Although rare, acute bacterial meningitis can occur in persons living in close proximity as in military barracks and college dorms. Bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can progress quickly, so health-care professionals need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of this condition. Which of the following are red flags for bacterial meningitis? Select all that apply. A: Increasingly intense headache B: Cervical rigidity C: Unilateral muscle weakness and paresthesia D: Malaise E: Fever up to 104 degrees Fahrenheit F: Gradual increase in number and severity of symptoms G: Photophobia H: Facial paralysis I: Confusion J: Nausea and vomiting K: Skin rash

A, B, D, E, G, I, J, K

In the management of a potential cervical spine injury, spinal motion restriction (SMR) is used to prevent further harm to the spinal cord. When is SMR indicated? Select all that apply. A: Spinal pain B: Spinal tenderness C: Brachial plexus motor deficits D: Sensory deficits related to spinal nerve roots E: Motor weakness related to spinal nerve roots F: Headache G: Tinnitus H: Deformity of the spine I: Altered level of consciousness

A, B, D, E, H, I

Due to the recent growth of your school's athletics program you have been given permission to hire an additional athletic trainer to join your sports medicine program. Before advertising for this new position, you need to create a position/job description. What should be included in this description? Select all that apply. A: Position title B: Necessary skills C: Job benefits D: Experience required E: Required dress code F: Necessary transportation G: Person to whom the position directly reports H: Job tasks I: Required credentials J: Job responsibilities

A, B, D, G, H, I, J

A 19-year-old male student athlete presents to your athletic training facility with an increasingly severe headache, cervical rigidity, high fever (103 degrees Fahrenheit), nausea, confusion, and other signs and symptoms consistent with bacterial meningitis. How should you best coordinate care for this patient? - Make an appointment for him to be seen by a physician later in the day at the school's student health services - Arrange for him to be immediately transported to an emergency care facility - Provide him with over-the-counter medications and recommend he immediately return to his room to get rest so his body can fight the infection - Recommend he visit a nearby walk-in urgent care facility as soon as possible, and provide him with the facility's address and contact information

Arrange for him to be immediately transported to an emergency care facility

Which of the following criteria must be met in order for an athlete to return to full participation? Select all that apply. A: The athlete is able to demonstrate confidence in his or her ability and the ability of the injured area to perform without hesitation during sport-specific skills B: The athlete performs activities better than preinjury levels C: Observers should not be able to identify the injured extremity while performing sport activities D: No pain or edema is present E: The athlete demonstrates full strength, range of motion, and muscular endurance F: The athlete demonstrates at least 90% of preinjury cardiovascular fitness G: The athlete demonstrates appropriate levels of agility, coordination, and proprioception

A, C, D, E, G

The softball coach at the junior college where you provide athletic training health-care calls you while on a road trip with his team to report that his starting pitcher sustained a blow to the anterior aspect of her lower leg when she was unable to field a hit ball. The player is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. As this injury occurred on the second day of their 5-day road trip, you have chosen to give the coach the "do's and do not's" for treating this athlete. Which actions are contraindicated in treating this injury? Select all that apply. A: Provide ibuprofen for pain and inflammation B: Elevate the bed by putting suitcases under the end of the bed C: Soak the lower leg in a warm Epsom salt bath D: Sit in whirlpool tub for 20 minutes E: Give acetaminophen as needed for pain F: Massage the area to remove swelling G: Put on an elastic compression sleeve H: Elevate the leg by putting the foot on a pillow I: Put a wet towel and then a bag of crushed ice on the injured area for 20 minutes

A, C, D, F, G, H

Whether the patient is completing a rehabilitation program for an upper extremity condition or a lower extremity injury, the clinician should follow a general progression of proprioception exercises. Which of the following are components of the appropriate progression of proprioception exercises? Select all that apply. A: Coordination should be achieved first, then balance, and finally agility B: Balance should be achieved first, the coordination, and finally agility C: Exercises progress from easy to difficult D: Exercises progress from static to dynamic E: Exercises progress from fast to slow and deliberate F: Exercises progress from simple to complex G: Exercises must be performed accurately before progressing to the next phase

B, C, D, F, G

A collegiate-level football player sustained a mild head injury during a game and is diagnosed with a grade I concussion. The athlete has been removed from participation for the remainder of the day. Which of the following instructions should be given to the athlete before releasing him to return to his room for the evening? Select all that apply. A: Take ibuprofen as needed for headache B: Avoid ingesting alcohol C: Roommate should wake the athlete every 30 minutes throughout the night D: No physical exertion until seen for reevaluation E: Eat well and stay hydrated F: No texting, video games, or computer use until seen for reevaluation G: Return for reevaluation tomorrow H: Roommate should conduct brief memory and mental assessment tests every 4 hours

B, D, E, F, G

Ultrasound waves are unable to pass through the air, so a coupling method is required. What are the advantages of using the coupling method illustrated in the photo when providing your patient with an ultrasound treatment? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.301) A: Holds shape due to construction and design B: Concentrates energy to treatment area allowing for a higher output setting C: Limits treatment area to selected size pad D: Distance between sound heard and skin allows for treatment of active deep vein thrombosis E: Conforms to irregularly shaped body areas F: Movement of sound heard is not required

A, C, E

What are the indications for the massage technique being performed by the clinician in the image? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.301) A: Chronic tendinopathy B: Muscle strains C: Trigger point therapy D: Stretching large areas of fascia E: Realignment of scar tissue F: Musculotendinous adhesions

A, C, E, F

A soccer player who has had two successive knee surgeries begins to demonstrate signs of addiction to his pain medication. Which of the following statements best illustrates an effective intervention strategy? - "It seems that your personal health and returning to play are not your top priority" - "I am so frustrated with you. I'm giving you a lot of my time and effort, and I feel like I care more than you do" - "I can see that you are currently using and are under the influence, so I can tell returning to play is not your focus right now" - "This is so like you to abuse pain medication because you are always looking for an easy way out. You are unwilling to put in the work it really takes to get better" - "I am concerned about you because over the past month your behavior has changed, and, although I am not judging you, I feel you may have a problem"

"I am concerned about you because over the past month your behavior has changed, and, although I am not judging you, I feel you may have a problem"

Cognitive testing of a patient with a suspected concussion provides an objective measure of a patient's current status as well as an objective assessment of improvements. The Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) is a cognitive status test that can be used as a stand-alone tool but is also included in the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5). Which of the following questions or instructions is included in the Orientation section of the SAC, as it appears on the SCAT5? - "Tell me the months of the year, in reverse order starting with December" - "I'm going to read you a string of numbers and you're going to read them back to me in reverse order, for example, if I say 4-9-3, you're going to say 3-9-4" - "Tell me what day of the week today is" - "I'm going to give you a list of five words and when I'm done saying the words, you repeat back to me as many as you can, in any order"

"Tell me what day of the week today is"

What is the legal basis for institutions needing to have emergency action plans (EAPs) established for athletic venues? - An EAP protects institutions against legal actions - An EAP guarantees injured athletes will have positive outcomes - An EAP is an accepted standard of care - An EAP prevents first responders from making decisions or taking actions that may result in legal actions

An EAP is an accepted standard of care

A senior or your intercollegiate sailing team is escorted to the athletic training room by her coach after having been hit in the head by the boat's boom. You have chosen to use a Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) test to gather objective data on this injured athlete. To assess the concentration component of the test, you ask the athlete to state the months of the year in reverse order. The athletes responds by saying, "December, October, September, August, July, June, May, April, March, February, January." How do you score this response? - Assign zero points - Assign one point - Immediately ask the athlete to try again and then score - Repeat this component at the end of the assessment before scoring

Assign zero points

A female ice hockey player comes to the athletic training room complaining of an unquenchable thirst and frequent urination. You have decided to obtain a thorough medical history. Based on the athlete's initial complaints, what questions should you ask this athlete? Select all that apply. A: How frequently are you urinating? B: Have you noticed any changes in your eating or drinking habits? C: Do you know if you've gained or lost weight recently? D: Have you noticed any disturbances in your vision? E: Is your menstrual cycle regular? F: Are you more tired than normal? G: Have you experienced any nausea or vomiting? H: Are you sexually active? I: Do you have any muscle or joint pain? J: Do you have a family history of any chronic diseases? K: Are you taking any medications or supplements?

A, B, C, E, F, G, H, J, K

A progress note is a daily note used to update the physician on the progress of the patient and communicate any other needs or concerns regarding the patient. What are some common errors made when writing a patient's progress note? Select all that apply. A: Failure to refer back to the previous month's treatments B: Not including new interventions to be added C: Failure to list each treatment time in minutes D: Not including a list of all therapeutic modalities and therapeutic exercises used E: Not showing objective comparisons reflecting patient's progress or lack of progress F: Failure to include a comment addressing discontinued interventions G: Failure to state changes in frequency of patient visits

A, B, E, F, G

An athlete with asthma appears to be having difficulty catching his breath when he arrives at your athletic training clinic. You decide to determine the athlete's pulmonary function using a peak flow meter. What actions should you take when using the peak flow meter? Select all that apply. A: Ask the athlete to stand or sight up straight B: Place the athlete in a 45 degree recumbent position C: Ask the athlete to place the mouthpiece into the peak flow meter D: Have the athlete take in a deep breath and blow out one half of his air E: Ask the athlete to place the mouthpiece in his mouth and seal his lips tightly around it F: Ask the athlete to exhale as hard and as fast as he can at one time G: Ask the athlete to inhale and exhale as hard and as fast as he can three times H: Assess forced expiratory volume

A, C, E, F, H

A tennis player moves up to the next volley a hard return but misses and sustains an orbital blowout fracture. How should you best coordinate care for this athlete? - Ask the assistant coach to transport the athlete to the local emergency facility - Activate emergency medical services (EMS) to transport the athlete to the local emergency facility - Call a local ophthalmologist and request the next available appointment - Transport the athlete to the team physician's office for evaluation

Activate emergency medical services (EMS) to transport the athlete to the local emergency facility

You are counseling an athlete with a history of multiple ankle sprains. The athlete's father is insistent that his son be taped every day before activity, but you think that the athlete would benefit from a commercial lace-up brace. What rationale would you provide for your recommendation? - Bracing has been shown to increase performance compared with taping - Taping takes too much time and uses too many supplies - Research has shown that taping provides significantly less protection against injury than bracing - Bracing will provide more consistent support over the course of the practice and over time is more cost and time efficient

Bracing will provide more consistent support over the course of the practice and over time is more cost and time efficient

In which budgetary category would you place a piece of equipment costing $4,000 and having a life span of 3 or more years? - Facility usage category - Consumable supplies category - Professional services category - Capital supplies category - Variable supplies category

Capital supplies category

The emergency action plan (EAP) for a high school identifies head and assistant coaches as targeted first responders to assist the athletic trainer in providing care in an emergency situation. What is the minimum level of training that should be provided to these first responders? - Handout on the EAP that clearly defines roles and responsibilities - Basic first aid training - Advanced life support training - Certified training in CPR and automated external defibrillator (AED) use

Certified training in CPR and automated external defibrillator (AED) use

An athletic trainer who is evaluating a patient's knee asks the patient to lie supine with the quadriceps relaxed. He then gently pushes the patella laterally as far as possible, taking care not to cause the joint to dislocate. What condition is the athletic trainer attempting to rule out of his differential diagnosis with this special test? - Chondromalacia - Jumper's knee - Patellofemoral stress syndrome - Patellar instability - Patellar osteochondritis

Patellar instability

The physician is presenting a staff in-service on head injuries. The physician states that when the brain loses autoregulation of its blood supply, vascular engorgement within the cranium results. This engorgement leads to herniation either of the medial surface of the temporal lobe or lobes below the tentorium or of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. This condition leads to rapid brainstem failure within 2 to 5 minutes. What injury is being discussed? - Antegrade amnesia - Transient ischemic attack - Skull fracture - Cerebral concussion - Second impact syndrome

Second impact syndrome

Your volleyball setter is returning to participation following a distal radius fracture. The team physician has requested that she wear a hard splint for the first 2 weeks. What steps must be taken so that she can play? - The head referee must approve the hard splint before the match - The splint must be covered on every surface in 1/2-in.-thick slow rebounding foam - The splint can be worn in practice but may not be worn in matches - The athlete will be unable to participate until the splint is removed

The splint must be covered on every surface in 1/2-in.-thick slow rebounding foam

Your athletic training facility has expanded to include an off-campus athletic training room at your outdoor sport fields. How might you best share medical records with staff at both facilities to avoid duplicating records? - Use a computer-driven fax system - Use a commonly networked printer housed at your main facility to receive hard copies of all medical documentation - Use e-mail to transfer medical records between facilities - Use a local courier service twice a day to transport hard copies of medical records - Use a network or Web-based computerized medical record system

Use a network or Web-based computerized medical record system

What is the most appropriate immediate treatment for an athlete with exertional heatstroke? - Use ice bags and wet towels to cool the athlete, and transport the athlete to a health-care facility - Immediately transport the athlete to a health-care facility - Move the athlete into an air-conditioned room and provide fluids - Provide IV fluids along with oral fluids, and transport the athlete to a health-care facility - Use full-body ice immersion to cool the athlete, and transport the athlete to a health-care facility

Use full-body ice immersion to cool the athlete, and transport the athlete to a health-care facility

A clinic administrator is attempting to improve the revenue stream and has implemented a clinic-wide policy that all treatment and rehabilitation protocols used in the clinic must be based on scholarly evidence. When questioned about this decision, what rationale might the administrator provide? - Use of evidence-based medicine will improve patient care being provided in the clinic - Use of evidence-based medicine will enhance the reputation of the clinicians - Use of evidence-based medicine will allow continuous evaluation of treatment protocols - Use of evidence-based medicine will improve third-party reimbursement potential

Use of evidence-based medicine will improve third-party reimbursement potential

An equestrian rider reports for evaluation of a head injury after being thrown from her horse. The athlete is having difficulty talking, swallowing, and sticking out her tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely impaired? - Cranial nerve VII - Cranial nerve V - Cranial nerve VIII - Cranial nerve XII - Cranial nerve I

Cranial nerve XII

Which of the following are commonly accepted physiological responses to superficial heat application? - Decreased viscosity, increased tissue elasticity, and decreased inflammation - Anesthetic effects, increased phagocytosis, and increased lymphatic drainage - Analgesia, increased metabolic activity, and increased inflammation - Decreased antibodies, increased axon reflex, and decreased muscle spasm - Increased capillary permeability, increased edema formation, and decreased metabolic wastes

Analgesia, increased metabolic activity, and increased inflammation

While covering a youth soccer game, you are called to the field to evaluate an athlete who was injured after an opponent completed a slide tackle directly into his lower leg. Your evaluation reveals a possible tibia fracture and you elect to splint the athlete before transport to a local hospital for evaluation. When applying a splint, which area should be stabilized by the splint? - Ankle and lower leg - Lower leg and knee - Ankle, lower leg, and knee - Entire leg from foot to hip

Ankle, lower leg, and knee

A soccer goalie comes out of the box to retrieve a rebounded shot. The attacking forward seizes the opportunity to shoot and his foot makes direct contact with the goalie's face, resulting in profuse bleeding. Management of external bleeding includes the use of direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points. What is the correct procedure to follow if the blood soaks through the dressing being used to apply direct pressure? - Apply additional gauze atop saturated gauze - Remove saturated gauze and replace with new gauze - Remove saturated gauze and replace with more absorbent dressing - Remove saturated gauze, apply a layer of petroleum jelly, and replace with new gauze - Apply a layer of petroleum jelly atop saturated gauze and apply an additional layer of gauze

Apply additional gauze atop saturated gauze

A softball player with epilepsy reports experiencing heightened senses of smell and hearing during a game. Which stage of an epileptic seizure is this athlete currently experiencing? - Aura - Clonic - Postictal - Tonic-clonic

Aura

In preparing your college football team for the upcoming season, shoulder pads are issued for each athlete. Which findings indicate an appropriate shoulder pad fit? Select all that apply. A: When the athlete performs lateral cervical flexion, his ear meets the shoulder pad B: The cantilever pad covers the acromion process C: The lateral aspect of the epaulets and cups reach the insertion of the deltoid muscle, allowing position-specific movement D: When the athlete's arms are raised overhead, the posterior pad covers the inferior angles of the scapulae E: The superior portion of the laces is at least three finger widths below the sternoclavicular joint F: The athlete is able to raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding back and forth

B, C, D, F

Treatment goals provide guidance in developing the overall treatment plan and in assessing the patient's progress in response to treatments throughout the treatment and rehabilitation process. Treatment goals should be functional and written so they are reproducible by other clinicians. What components should be included in a well-written functional goal? Select all that apply. A: Name of managing clinician B: What patient will accomplish C: Time of day goal will be assessed D: How outcome or task will be measured E: Amount of time (days or weeks) to meet the goal F: Alternative goal if goal is not met

B, D, E

A female freshman-level, intercollegiate cross country runner reports to her preparticipation physical examination in late August. She reports a history of bilateral tibial stress fractures, which occurred during high school. She admits she has been experiencing constant bilateral shin pain for 3 weeks. This bilateral tibial pain has caused her to reduce her running mileage from 60 miles to 40 miles per week. You take this photo of the athlete's standing posture. What do you conclude from this photo? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg. 184) A: Calcaneal inversion B: Calcaneal eversion C: Rearfoot neutral D: Rearfoot varus E: Rearfoot valgus

B, E

What type of study is conducted to compare balance ability of female athletes with functional ankle instability with female athletes with no history of ankle pathology? - Case-control study - Prospective cohort study - Cross-sectional study - Randomized clinical study

Case-control study

Which means of inventory management will provide the most efficient means of tracking and managing supplies, especially in an organization that has multiple facilities? - Weekly inventory of all expendable supplies - Centralized storage with regular distribution to satellite locations - Large distributions to satellite locations once or twice annually with each location managing control of its own supplies - Readily available supplies that can be procured by any staff member as needed

Centralized storage with regular distribution to satellite locations

Following a yelling and screaming episode, a basketball coach appears confused. He drops the pen from his clipboard, begins to slur his speech, and complains of numbness and weakness on the right side of his face. What condition should be suspected, and how is this condition best treated? - Cerebrovascular accident; activate emergency medical services (EMS), and encourage the coach to remain calm - Myocardial infarction; activate EMS, and provide a low-dose aspirin to the coach - Transient ischemic attack; provide a low-dose aspirin, and instruct him to call his physician - Supraventricular tachycardia; instruct the coach to lie supine and monitor him for shock - Deep vein thrombosis; provide a glucose beverage, and reassess vital signs every 10 minutes

Cerebrovascular accident; activate emergency medical services (EMS), and encourage the coach to remain calm

While not wearing a helmet, a baseball player is hit in the head with a baseball. The player is stunned but walks off the field without assistance. After getting to the dugout, the player experiences a severe headache and deterioration to unconsciousness. What condition is the athlete most likely experiencing? - Subarachnoid hematoma - Epidural hematoma - Postconcussive symptom - Subdural hematoma - Chronic brain injuries

Epidural hematoma

When communicating with a patient whose primary language is not English, which of the following is an effective communication strategy? - Speak more slowly, not more loudly - Ask several questions at one time so the athlete has time to think through his responses - Use pictures, models, and medical terminology when explaining medical conditions - Use slang terminology, which may be more recognizable than standard English

Speak more slowly, not more loudly

A National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) wrestler is being treated for a furuncle. The wound has been excised. He has been taking an antibiotic for 72 hours, and no new lesions have appeared in the past 48 hours. The wound demonstrates mild oozing with drainage. What return to wrestling participation information will you provide to the coach? - The athlete may not return to wrestling practice - The athlete may return to wrestling practice as long as the wound is covered - The athlete may return to wrestling practice without restriction - The athlete may return to wrestling practice after he has been on the antibiotics for at least another day

The athlete may not return to wrestling practice

A young athlete experiences epistaxis. The bleeding has been controlled. What instructions should you give the athlete regarding continued care? - The athlete should be cautioned to refrain from blowing the nose for several hours and should avoid taking aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - The athlete should be instructed to apply antibiotic ointment over the scab and to keep the area dry and covered - The athlete can return to full activity but is required to wear a protective faceguard - The athlete should sit out for the remainder of the day's practice and use ice and analgesic medication as needed

The athlete should be cautioned to refrain from blowing the nose for several hours and should avoid taking aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

What is the consequence of a student athlete not signing the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) drug testing consent form? - The athlete will be disqualified from any NCAA tournaments - The athlete can participate but will not be eligible for a scholarship - The athlete will be found guilty of a first positive drug test - The athlete will be declared ineligible for competition - The athlete must attend weekly drug education sessions for 1 year

The athlete will be declared ineligible for competition

During a spring football conditioning session, a player with sickle cell trait experiences an exertional sickling episode and requires assistance, including supplemental oxygen. What is the recommended supplemental oxygen treatment for this player's condition? - Use a face mask to deliver oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min - Use a nasal cannula to deliver oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min - Use a face mask to deliver oxygen at a rate of 25 L/min - Use a nasal cannula to deliver oxygen at a rate of 25 L/min

Use a face mask to deliver oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min

How many degrees of freedom are allowed by the glenohumeral joint? - 1 - 2 - 3 - 4

3

When fitting a patient with a commercial shoulder arm sling, in approximately what degree angle should the elbow be positioned? - 20 degrees - 45 degrees - 70 degrees - 140 degrees

70 degrees

When designing a drug testing program, the organization must determine how subjects will be "randomly selected," as this term can be defined in many ways. Which of the following are methods by which subjects are randomly selected for a drug test? Select all that apply. A: Subjects for testing are selected from the pool of scholarship athletes and nonscholarship athletes are eliminated B: Subjects for testing are selected from the pool of players on a team who have the most playing time and contribute the most to the team C: Subjects for testing are selected from the pool of subjects who placed high in individual sport championships D: Subjects for testing are selected from the pool of subjects whose families live in low-income inner city neighborhoods E: Subjects for testing are selected from the pool of players of a particular sport F: Subjects for testing are selected from the pool of subjects with an overall grade point average that falls below a set point

A, B, C, E

One of your butterfly swimmers is complaining of bilateral posterior shoulder and upper back pain and tightness. Your evaluation reveals a series of myofascial trigger points and fascial adhesions. Which provider might you collaborate with to provide the best care for this athlete? - Occupational therapist - Certified massage therapist - Chiropractor - Osteopath

Certified massage therapist

An athlete returns from a family vacation in Breckenridge, Colorado, and reports that she was sick while on vacation. She noted shortness of breath, cough, headache, and general body weakness that was significantly better as soon as they returned home. What condition do you suspect the athlete was experiencing while on vacation? - Viral infections - Acute bronchitis - Acute mountain sickness - High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

Which of the following administrative actions could improve the response of an emergency facility when an athlete is transported? - Provide documents regarding appropriate removal of equipment and management of common athletic injuries to the staff at the hospital annually - Provide a schedule of all home athletic events to the hospital - Provide the hospital with a copy of the emergency action plan (EAP) for each venue - Provide the hospital with copies of the athlete emergency information card for all athletes at the beginning of each season

Provide a schedule of all home athletic events to the hospital

You are educating your new volunteer equipment manager about appropriate football shoulder pad fitting. Which of the following statements indicates the shoulder pads are fitted correctly? - The athlete can raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding - The epaulets cover the acromioclavicular joint - The underarm straps are snug enough that it is difficult to slide a finger underneath - The pads shift slightly when the jersey is put on, but the jersey holds them in position

The athlete can raise his arms overhead without the pads sliding

Which of the following statements demonstrates appropriate drug testing specimen handling and chain of custody? - The athlete should produce the specimen in a single toilet stall with the door closed to protect privacy - The athlete should be allowed to observe the handling of the specimen until it is transferred to a sealed bottle and packaged for shipment - The athlete must wash hands before and immediately after providing the specimen - The athlete must sign the bottle, indicating no one has tampered with the specimen - The athlete may not leave the testing area until an adequate specimen has been provided

The athlete should be allowed to observe the handling of the specimen until it is transferred to a sealed bottle and packaged for shipment

Which of the following would be considered a long-term rehabilitation goal? - Four weeks from today's treatment session, the athlete will have full elbow flexion - The athlete will have full strength in all elbow joint muscles at discharge - At the next treatment session, the athlete's pain will decrease from a 7 to a 6 on the numeric pain scale - In 6 months, the athlete will have a biceps brachii manual muscle testing grade of 4 out of 5 - In 3 months, the athlete will begin functional exercises

The athlete will have full strength in all elbow joint muscles at discharge

Which of the following persons is/are required to wear a helmet during a baseball game? - The batter only - The on-deck batter and the batter only - The batter, the on-deck batter, and the base coaches only - The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only - The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, the base runners, and all the umpires

The batter, the on-deck batter, the base coaches, and the base runners only

The state practice act of the state in which you are employed as an athletic trainer specifically addresses medical documentation guidelines. In what way does this influence the medical documentation you are using at your employment setting? - The state's guidelines should be considered helpful suggestions for creating or revising your medical documentation - The state's guidelines are considered the goal for creating new medical documentation - The state's guidelines are the standard of care and the legal expectation for your medical documentation - The state's guidelines specify the only medical documentation permitted

The state's guidelines are the standard of care and the legal expectation for your medical documentation

Based on laboratory studies, what safety measure appears to be the most effective method for reducing the risk of commotio cordis in youth sports? - Use of standard lacrosse chest protectors - Use of safety baseballs - Use of coach for pitching in baseball and softball - Use of age-, height-, and weight-appropriate bats in baseball and softball

Use of safety baseballs

Which of the following signs and symptoms best characterize hypovolemic shock? - Slow, deep breathing; agitation; and cold, pale, clammy skin - Dilated pupils, excessive urine output, and bluish lips and fingernails - Very low blood pressure; rapid, weak pulse; and cold, pale clammy skin - Profuse sweating; hot, dry skin; and rapid, shallow breathing - Hyperventilation; lightheadedness; and slow, thready pulse

Very low blood pressure; rapid, weak pulse; and cold, pale clammy skin

The goalie for a boys' junior varsity lacrosse team was struck in the anterior lower leg by the ball when an opponent took a shot. He is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. You want to screen the adolescent for soft tissue contusion. Which anatomic structures are least likely to be affected by an anterior lower leg blow? Select all that apply. A: Tibialis posterior B: Tibialis anterior C: Peroneus longus D: Tibia E: Superficial peroneal nerve F: Deep peroneal nerve G: Fibula H: Anterior tibial artery I: Peroneal artery J: Plantaris K: Flexor digitorum longus L: Extensor digitorum longus

A, C, E, G, I, J, K

Health-care professionals should screen for signs and symptoms of undiagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), as this condition can put an athlete at risk for a catastrophic event, such as permanent brain injury, coma, or death. What are the signs and symptoms of undiagnosed type 1 DM? Select all that apply. A: Incoordination B: Fatigue C: Polyuria D: Areflexia E: Polydipsia F: Agonal breathing G: Blurry vision H: Slow healing cuts or bruises

A, B, C, E, G, H

Following surgery, a patient is given a 3-day supply of oxycodone-acetaminophen (Percocet) for pain management. What actions should you recommend the patient take to minimize or manage potential side effects of this opiate analgesic? Select all that apply. A: Avoid drinking alcohol or taking other sedating medication B: Increase fluid and dietary fiber intake C: Take this medication on an empty stomach D: Take an over-the-counter antihistamine if a histamine reaction occurs E: Avoid dairy products F: Take an over-the-counter stool softner

A, B, D, F

In determining if an athlete with epilepsy can begin sports participation or return to participation, medical and health-care professionals must consider a number of issues and criteria. Which of the following must be carefully considered? Select all that apply. A: Type of sport (collision, contact, or noncontact) B: Risk of severe injury or death if seizure occurs during sports participation C: Type of seizure commonly experienced D: Presence of any preexisting brain injury E: Age at time of initial diagnosis of epilepsy F: Risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury during sports participation G: Effects of required medications on sports performance H: Frequency of seizures

A, B, D, F, G, H

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a condition that comes from inheriting one gene for normal hemoglobin and one gene for sickle hemoglobin and can be present in persons of any ethnicity. In which population group is the incidence of SCT most common? - Eastern European - Middle Eastern - Hispanic - African American

African American

Your soccer goalkeeper was recently disqualified from participation by the team physician after sustaining multiple concussions and demonstrating signs and symptoms consistent with postconcussion syndrome. The athlete is having difficulty managing the emotions of this career-ending injury. Which of the following strategies would be an example of social support? - Refer the athlete to your counseling center for coping strategies - Have the athlete come to see you in the athletic training room every day - Ask one of your football players who was in the same situation the previous year to talk to the goalkeeper - Ask the coach to give the athlete responsibilities, such as meeting with recruits, so he feels like he is still part of the program

Ask one of your football players who was in the same situation the previous year to talk to the goalkeeper

During a youth baseball tournament, you observe a 10-year-old pitcher drop to the mound after sustaining a line drive to the posterior lateral aspect of his head. When you reach the mound, the player is seated, alert, crying, and rubbing his head. The athlete ambulates to the dugout where you conduct an off-field evaluation. You inform the player's parents he must be transported to a health-care facility to be evaluated by a physician. What is the most appropriate method of transporting this athlete? - Call emergency medical services (EMS) ad request and ambulance transport the athlete to a health-care facility - Ask the assistant coach to drive the athlete to the health-care facility - Ask the athlete's parent to take him to the health-care facility - Instruct the athletic training student working with you to take the athlete to the health-care facility

Ask the athlete's parent to take him to the health-care facility

A sports medicine clinic is coordinating a conference to teach local high school coaches the basics of recognizing potential causes of and strategies for preventing sudden death. What should the conference organizers consider providing to all participants to enhance participant learning? - Workshop evaluation - Conference proceedings - Opportunities for interactions with other attendees - Follow-up survey 6 months after the conference to assess learning outcomes

Conference proceedings

When exercising in an environment where ambient temperature is greater than skin temperature and relative humidity is low, what form or heat transfer is the body's most efficient and most relied on means of heat loss? - Radiation - Convection - Evaporation - Conduction

Evaporation

A city is hosting a 10k race to benefit at-risk inner-city youth. The race course includes running through the city's developed and highly populated sections. At what time during the day should the race begin to best minimize the risk of runners experiencing problems due to air pollution? - Late dawn - Midday - Early afternoon - Evening

Evening

A field hockey plater is completing functional agility training along with several football players who are also in the functional phase of their rehabilitation protocol under the direction of the university strength coach. Approximately 1 week into the training, the field hockey player approaches you and asks to be excused from agility training. This behavior is unusual for the athlete, and as you ask more questions you determine that the football players and strength coach have been watching the athlete while she completes the exercises, remarking on her physical appearance and making derogatory jokes. How might this behavior be characterized? - Gender bias - Ethnocentrism - Quid pro quo harassment - Hostile environment

Hostile environment

A baseball player is struck in the face by the ball. Which of the following signs or symptoms would suggest a fracture of the maxilla? - Depression of the cheekbone and blurring of vision - Facial pain and epistaxis - Inability to open the mouth fully and move the jaw laterally - Malocclusion of the teeth and numbness of the cheek - Hyphema and inability of the athlete to look upward

Malocclusion of the teeth and numbness of the cheek

After graduating from college and becoming a certified athletic trainer, you move home to be closer to your family. Not long after moving home you secure a job as the sole athletic trainer for a nearby junior college. In the first days of your new job the school's athletic director informs you he has secured some money through the alumni association and asks you to submit a list of therapeutic modalities you would like him to purchase for your use. You are unsure which therapeutic modalities, if any, you are legally permitted to use. What entity defines the legal boundaries in which athletic trainers may practice? - State regulations, such as licensure, registration, or certification - National regulations, such as scope of practice guidelines and position statements set forth by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) - College or university regulations, such as those appearing in a policies and procedures manual - National educational regulations and standards for accredited athletic training programs

State regulations, such as licensure, registration, or certification

You observe a patient with an altered gait characterized by the thorax listing toward the involved limb during the stance phase of gait. What type of gait are you observing, and what is the most common cause of this gait pattern? - Steppage gait; weakness of the dorsiflexion - Calcaneal gait; pain with forefoot weight-bearing or plantar flexor weakness - Gluteus maximus gait; gluteus maximus muscle weakness - Trendelenburg gait; gluteus medius weakness

Trendelenburg gait; gluteus medius weakness

When applying a Cryospray spray and stretch technique for the upper trapezius muscle, how should the vapocoolant spray be applied? - From the base of the skull down along the path of the muscle - From the insertion of the muscle downward along the shoulder and arm - Upward from the acromion process toward the base of the skull - From the vertebral border upward to the acromion and then down the arm

Upward from the acromion process toward the base of the skull

A female basketball player reports to your university's athletic training clinic complaining of right superior shoulder pain she has been experiencing for approximately 5 days. She reports no history of shoulder trauma or changes in training or conditioning load or intensity. Which of the following questions can best assist you in determining the potential cause of this patient's pain? - "You look tired; have you been spending a lot of time on your laptop?" - "That's a nice-looking and large new messenger-style book bag; do you carry it on your right or left shoulder?" - "I know you commute to campus; do you have a lumbar support roll in your care seat?" - "When sitting in class, do you have difficulty seeing the projection screen or blackboard?"

"That's a nice-looking and large new messenger-style book bag; do you carry it on your right or left shoulder?"

During morning sick call, you evaluate a female swimmer complaining of fatigue, excessive urination, and a heightened sense of thirst. Your initial assessment included a urinalysis that demonstrated that the athlete's urine was high in glucose and ketones. You have decided to refer the athlete to a physician. The physician tells you that he has ordered a urinalysis with urine culture. Which differential diagnoses is the physician likely attempting to rule out? Select all that apply. A: Sexually transmitted infection B: Urinary tract infection C: Elevated thyroid levels D: Bladder infection E: Kidney infection F: Diabetes G: Steroid use H: Illicit drug use I: Pregnancy

A, B, D, E, F, I

Today you are meeting with a student athlete who is scheduled for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery at the end of the week. You are meeting with her to explain what she can expect immediately after surgery and to discuss the goals of her postoperative rehabilitation plan. What are goals that should be included in the maximum protection phase of her rehabilitation plan? Select all that apply. A: Prevent wound infection B: Manage postoperative pain, muscle guarding, and spasm C: Strengthen involved muscles and improve joint stability D: Restore full range of motion E: Minimize muscle atrophy across immobilized joints F: Prevent circulatory and pulmonary complications G: Establish a mobile scar

A, B, E, F

To comply with the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Best Practice Guidelines for Athletic Training Documentation document, each sports medicine program should have in place policies and procedures regarding medical record storage and retention. What should be included in these policies and procedures? Select all that apply. A: System by which all medical records are secured B: Sign-in and sign-out sheet for all persons accessing medical records C: Confidentiality statement signed by all persons with access to medical records D: Name (or title) of person who is the custodian of the medical records E: Notification plan if medical record security is breached F: Statement of how long the medical records are retained

A, C, D, E, F

For which of the following sports do the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) require athletes to use protective knee padding during all practices and competitions? Select all that apply. A: Baseball B: Soccer C: Softball D: Football E: Tennis F: Field hockey G: Ice hockey H: Basketball

A, C, D, F, G

An athlete presents with flu-like symptoms and a cluster of cutaneous vesicles on an erythematous base. The vesicles are tightly clustered and appear to have developed into pustules and ulcers. Several of the vesicles have ruptured, releasing a serous material that has formed a yellowish crust. How is this condition best treated pharmacologically? - An oral antiviral medication such as acyclovir - An oral antiviral medication such as erythromycin - An antibiotic medication such as amoxicillin - An antifungal medication such as terbinafine hydrochloride (Lamisil) - An antifungal medication such as zanamivir (Relenza)

An oral antiviral medication such as acyclovir

A gymnast dismounting into a pit misses the pit and sustains a severe head injury. The athletic trainer activates the emergency action plan (EAP) and calls emergency medical services (EMS), but the arrival of the ambulance is delayed because the driveway closest to the facility entrance is blocked. Once inside the athletics complex the EMS responders are delayed further due to difficulty finding the gymnastics practice facility. Which component of the EAP was poorly executed? - Identifying qualified personnel - Ensuring presence of emergency care equipment - Assignment of duties and responsibilities - Activation of EMS

Assignment of duties and responsibilities

You receive a call from your team physician alerting you that the female equestrian athlete you had referred to him has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. You decide it is important to counsel the athlete on the impact of the injury on her disease. Which statement is an accurate representation of the effect that injury may have on glycemic control? - Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma - Injury does not affect an athlete with type 1 diabetes any differently than an athlete without type 1 diabetes - Athletes with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk for infection - Athletes with type 1 diabetes, even those with poorly controlled blood glucose, will demonstrate fracture healing at a similar rate to athletes without diabetes

Athletes with type 1 diabetes appear to have an exaggerated glycemic response to trauma

When hosting an athletic event, what information should be communicated to the visiting athletic team staff by the host athletic trainer? - Location of the posted emergency action plan (EAP) - Copy of department's policy and procedure manual - Available medical personnel, methods of communication, and available equipment - Transportation policy detailing which types of injuries merit transport

Available medical personnel, methods of communication, and available equipment

According to the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5), when conducting an on-field assessment of an athlete who is suspected to have a concussion, the athletic trainer should note the presence if any of the "red flags." If any are noted, the athlete should be immediately and safely removed from participation and evaluated by a physician or licensed health-care professional. Which of the following signs and symptoms are "red flags" listed on the SCAT5? Select all that apply. A: Palpable head pain or tenderness B: Increasing restlessness, agitation, or combativeness C: Severe or increasing headache D: Upper extremity neurological symptoms E: Neck pain or tenderness F: Tinnitus G: Double vision H: Seizure

B, C, D, E, G, H

In providing athletic training healthcare for participants in long distance events, such as marathons, triathlons, and ultramarathons, it is essential to identify an athlete suffering from hyponatremia compared with one suffering from hypohydration. There are, however, signs and symptoms that are common to both conditions, and a patient can be hypohydrated and hyponatremic at the same time. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Position Statement on Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active, which of the following signs and symptoms are common to both conditions and when present necessitate blood sodium assessment before treatment? Select all that apply. A: Thirst B: Apathy C: Grand mal seizure or coma D: Headache E: Nausea or vomiting F: Acute body weight loss G: Dizziness H: Altered mental status

B, D, E, G

When conducting a preparticipation examination, which of the following findings would be considered a normal physiological adaptation to exercise and sport participation? - Resting heart rate above normal range - Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant arm of a baseball pitcher - Resting blood pressure below normal values - Quadriceps-to-hamstring ratio closer to 1

Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant arm of a baseball pitcher

In most cases, patients recovering from infectious mononucleosis may resume light physical training 3 weeks after the onset of their illness. Which of the following is one of the criteria used to determine if the patient is ready to begin a gradual return to physical activity? - Patient is febrile - Patient's spleen is not markedly enlarged or painful - Patient's pharyngitis and any other complications are being treated - Patient's liver function tests are improving

Patient's spleen is not markedly enlarged or painful

Which of the following conditions within the potential treatment area, determined through a pretreatment interview and examination, eliminate the use of thermal ultrasound from the patient's treatment plan? - Possible open epiphyseal (growth) plates - Presence of metal plates and/or screws - Presence of joint replacement using plastic or fixated bone cement - Presence of scar tissue

Presence of joint replacement using plastic or fixated bone cement

Which type of assessment would allow the coordinator of a sports medicine program to examine the major elements of the program and evaluate its effectiveness? - Program self-study - External evaluation - Intermediary evaluation - Critical topic appraisal

Program self-study

When beginning and progressing functional balance exercises with an older patient, what precautions should be taken? - Avoid any exercises that involve removing visual input - Keep individual balance sets to less than 15 seconds - Have the patient repeat the balance exercise for a minimum of six sessions before advancing - Provide a spot for the patient each time that the progression is changed or advanced

Provide a spot for the patient each time that the progression is changed or advanced

In the initial phase of throwing a ball, as the shoulder girdle and arm move from a posterior retracted position to a forward, internally rotated position, what are the primary muscles responsible for moving the scapula and the arm forward? - Subscapularis, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, and serratus anterior - Supraspinatus, teres major, rhomboids, and pectoralis major - Serratus anterior, subscapularis, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major - Serratus anterior, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major - Subscapularis, upper trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and triceps

Serratus anterior, subscapularis, anterior deltoid, and pectoralis major

Following a football play, one of the linemen remains down on the field. The athlete's thigh is slightly flexed, internally rotated and adducted, and resting on the uninvolved knee. The athlete complains of intense pain in the hip and buttocks and is unwilling to move the joint. What is the role of the athletic trainer who has not been trained in the reduction of suspected hip joint dislocations in managing this condition? - Activate emergency medical services (EMS), and check sensory and vascular status of the limb - Splint the limb in the position in which it is found and remove the athlete from the field - Activate EMS and then gently straighten the leg while supporting the limb - Attempt to reduce the suspected dislocation and then transport for x-rays and evaluation

Activate emergency medical services (EMS), and check sensory and vascular status of the limb

A basketball player sustained a grade I lateral ankle sprain during the first half of a game. The athlete has iced, and during halftime you tape the athlete. What criteria will you use to determine if the athlete can play in the second half? - The athlete demonstrates full range of motion and equal strength compared bilaterally - The athlete can walk on toes and heels without pain - The athlete can successfully balance on the injured ankle for 30 seconds with eyes closed - The athlete can successfully sprint, hop on the injured ankle, and perform defensive slides - The athlete can make a contribution to the game's outcome despite decreased performance level

The athlete can successfully sprint, hop on the injured ankle, and perform defensive slides

A cross country runner reports to your athletic training facility for a preparticipation physical examination. When assessing her vital signs, you determine her resting heart rate is 14 beats in 15 seconds. What should you conclude? - The athlete is demonstrating bradycardia, which is a sign of physiological distress - The athlete is demonstrating bradycardia, which is common in well-trained athletes - The athlete is demonstrating a normal heart rate - The athlete is demonstrating tachycardia, which is common in well-trained athletes - The athlete is demonstrating tachycardia, which is a sign of physiological distress

The athlete is demonstrating bradycardia, which is common in well-trained athletes

Although securing goods and services through competitive bidding is generally considered desirable for an athletic department, under what circumstances would direct purchase be preferable? - The buyer has had satisfactory dealings with a specific supplier - There are a great many suppliers of the item requested - Some of the previous suppliers have been unsatisfactory - Only one supplier is available in the immediate area - The goods or services need to be received immediately

The goods or services need to be received immediately

Which of the following variables should be considered when determining whether an HIV-positive athlete should continue competition? - The nature and intensity of training and potential contribution of stress from athletic competition - Potential risk of HIV transmission to others and risk of direct tissue trauma - Nature and intensity of training and the injury exposure rate of the sport - The athlete's current state of health and his or her family history of autoimmune disease - Status of HIV infection and ability of the facility to manage blood exposure

The nature and intensity of training and potential contribution of stress from athletic competition

During a routine blood test, one of your athletes tests positive for hepatitis A virus. What actions must be taken by the physician who ordered the blood test? - The physician must report the athlete's condition to state agencies - The physician must require the athlete to notify all recent sexual partners - The physician must notify anyone providing healthcare to the athlete about potential exposure - The physician must keep this information confidential - The physician must notify the athlete's parent or guardian of the recent diagnosis

The physician must report the athlete's condition to state agencies

The medical history portion of your preparticipation physical examination (PPE) asks several screening questions related to risk factors for mental health concerns. What actions should be taken for an athlete who answers "yes" to any of these questions? - The physician should have a private conversation with the athlete and determine if referral is indicated - The student athlete's parents should be notified of your concerns - The student athlete should be referred to the school counselor - The student athlete should be monitored during the season and questioned periodically by the athletic trainer for warning signs

The physician should have a private conversation with the athlete and determine if referral is indicated

An athlete who has been undergoing treatment for depression and anxiety inquires about taking St. John's wort, a commonly used herbal supplement, as a more "natural" way to address his mental health conditions. How should you respond to this athlete? - This supplement is safe to consume because like all medications it is closely regulated - Like most herbal supplements, this supplement has been thoroughly studied, and its effects on health are well understood - This supplement has been shown to interact with many medications, which could lead to serious side effects - If this supplement is purchased in a retail store, it will not be adulterated or contaminated

This supplement has been shown to interact with many medications, which could lead to serious side effects

What is the purpose of conducting an ergonomic risk assessment (ERA) and comparing it with injury statistics? - To identify the primary physical factors of a job that might be changed to minimize the risk of injury - To provide feedback to an employee about work performance - To modify current workers' compensation standards - To improve efficiency and productivity

To identify the primary physical factors of a job that might be changed to minimize the risk of injury

Which of the following is an examination of injury prevalence data you might gather when analyzing your injury rates? - Number of injuries sustained during practice sessions - Number of new ankle injuries sustained by the soccer team during the fall season - Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team - Average number of injuries per athlete per practice session

Total number of injuries sustained by the basketball team

A clinic director would like to collect feedback from patients regarding their satisfaction with services provided and suggestions for improvement. Which method of data collection will allow for the highest level of patient anonymity and ease of data analysis? - Web-based surveys - Written questionnaires - Telephone survey - Focus groups

Web-based surveys

What is the most commonly employed organizational chart is sports medicine settings? - Service-oriented - Matrix - Staff-centered - Function-oriented - Formalistic

Function-oriented

A 19-year-old athlete presents with a 5-day history of only the following symptoms: acute pharyngitis, overwhelming fatigue, fever, and lymphadenopathy. Which of the following conditions should be included in your initial differential diagnosis? - Encephalitis - Mumps - Herpes zoster - Hepatitis A - Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis

A few days after returning from a trail run one of your cross country runners complains of headache, fatigue, and fever followed by a red ringlike rash with a red center. What condition do you suspect? - Ringworm - Lyme disease - Spider bite - Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Lyme disease

Which of the following is a tool for assessing subjective lower extremity function following a postsurgical knee rehabilitation program? - Lysholm scale - Pittsburgh functional assessment scale - Force plate - Balance platform - Single leg hop for distance

Lysholm scale

Which of the following outcome measures gives you information about the quality of the pain a patient is experiencing? - Visual analog scale - Numeric rating scale - McGill Pain Questionnaire - Referred pain pattern

McGill Pain Questionnaire

A venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP) should include information for the following subjects: emergency personnel, emergency communication, emergency equipment, medical emergency transportation, venue directions with map. To aid in providing effective emergency communication, where in the athletic training facility should a copy of the EAP be posted? - Near the landline telephone - Near the facility entrance - Near the treatment tables - Near the entrance to the storage facility

Near the landline telephone

An athlete reports on her preparticipation medical history form having taken Toradol (ketorolac), for which she has a prescription, intermittently over the past 3 months. In which drug category is this medication? - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Steroid anti-inflammatory drug - Narcotic analgesics - Antibiotic

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Your university's sports medicine program developed a skin conditions prevention program for the wrestling team 4 years ago. The program was composed of two parts: education on proper and effective personal hygiene practices and administration of prophylactic valacyclovir by mouth daily. What annual data can aid in determining the effectiveness of the therapeutic interventions of this prevention program? - Number of diagnosed cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection - Number of diagnosed cases of herpes simplex infection - Number of diagnosed cases of impetigo infection - Number of diagnosed cases of tinea corporis infection

Number of diagnosed cases of herpes simplex infection

Which type of budget allocates money for the daily functions of a program? - Capital - Flex - Line-item - Zero-based - Operating

Operating

A patient with an anterior iliac rotation has been successfully treated with muscle energy techniques. What exercises should the patient be taught to maintain the effect of the treatment? - Pelvic tilt and bilateral knees to chest exercises - Press-ups and high flexor stretches - Thomas stretch and single knee to chest stretch - Hold-relax stretches with knee to opposite shoulder

Pelvic tilt and bilateral knees to chest exercises

When evaluating an athlete 3 days after sustaining a mild head injury, which of the following symptoms would lead you to suspect the athlete is experiencing postconcussion syndrome? - Persistent headache, lack of concentration, and fatigue - Steady gait, visual disturbances, and insomnia - Behavior changes, impaired memory, and tinnitus - Fatigue, nystagmus, and anoxia - Tinnitus, dyspnea, and depression

Persistent headache, lack of concentration, and fatigue

Which method is recommended to preserve an avulsed tooth that cannot be reimplanted until the athlete can see a dentist? - Wrap the tooth as is in moist gauze and take the tooth and athlete to the dentist - Place the tooth in a 10% hydrogen peroxide solution to preserve it and take the athlete to the dentist within the next 24 hours - Scrub the tooth vigorously, then place it in milk, and take the athlete to the dentist within the next 3 days - Apply a topical dental anesthetic (such as Orajel) to the tooth and take the tooth and the athlete to the dentist - Place the tooth in a commercially prepared preservation solution and take the tooth and the athlete to the dentist

Place the tooth in a commercially prepared preservation solution and take the tooth and the athlete to the dentist

When conducting a knee evaluation, you suspect an athlete has injured his lateral meniscus. Due to its attachment to the lateral meniscus, what other structure should you suspect may be involved? - Head of the fibula - Biceps tendon - Plantaris muscle - Popliteal muscle - Patella

Popliteal muscle

When discussing a home exercise program with an athlete for whom English is a second language, what strategies can you use to determine if the athlete understands your instructions? - Speak slowly and loudly to make it easier for the athlete to understand the instructions - Provide pictures of the exercises and ask the athlete to demonstrate them before leaving the clinic - Explain the exercises to the athlete's roommate and let the roommate monitor the athlete - Translate the exercise instructions into the athlete's primary language

Provide pictures of the exercises and ask the athlete to demonstrate them before leaving the clinic

An athlete is completing a core stabilization program. You instruct the athlete to complete three sets of 10 pelvic tilts with a 10-second hold and 45 seconds between sets. How would you properly note the 45-second period in your documentation of the rehabilitation session? - Rest period: 45 sec - Recovery period: 45 sec - Total rest time: 90 sec - Refractory period: 45 sec - Relaxation period: 45 sec

Recovery period: 45 sec

An athlete reports to the athletic training facility complaining of a large blister on the bottom of his foot that is open, red, and markedly swollen. The skin around the blister is red, tight, and shiny. No outward leakage of pus is noted. The athlete also reports an overall feeling of malaise and a low-grade fever for the past 12 hours. How is this athlete best treated? - Apply an antibacterial ointment and an occlusive dressing to the blister, and give the athlete an over-the-counter antipyretic for fever and malaise - Soak the blister in a povidone-iodine bath, apply a triple antibiotic ointment, and cover the blister with a nonadhesive bandage - Apply zinc oxide to dry the blister, cover with a nonadhesive bandage, and use a doughnut pad to disperse force - Refer the athlete to a physician

Refer the athlete to a physician

An 18-year-old diver reports low back pain exacerbated with lumbar extension and relieved with lumbar flexion. Pain is described as localized and primarily dull and achy. She denies radiating or radicular pain. Based on this athlete's sport and history, what injury would you suspect? - Disc herniation - Spondylolysis - Scoliosis - Sacroiliac joint dysfunction - Lumbar facet joint lock

Spondylolysis

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on acute management of the cervical spine-injured athlete, which of the following dictates the development of separate emergency actions plans (EAPs)? - Injury risk level of sports - Gender of athlete - Sport or activity locations - Sport seasons

Sport or activity locations

Washing with soap and water is a proper hygiene practice effective in minimizing a patient's risk of acquiring a nosocomial infection. Which of the following infectious diseases is a patient at risk of acquiring in a medical or athletic training facility? - Zika virus - Staphylococcus aureus - Mononucleosis - Chlamydia

Staphylococcus aureus

While assessing an athlete's blood pressure, you initially inflate the cuff to 150 mm Hg. When you release the pressure, the first sound you hear is a swooshing sound or soft murmur. What does this sound indicate? - The cuff was inflated to high initially, and you are hearing the brachial artery blood flow occlusion - The cuff was inflated to a correct pressure, and you are hearing the first Korotkoff sound, which should be recorded as systolic pressure - The cuff was not inflated to a high enough initial pressure, and you are hearing the second Korotkoff sound instead of the first - The cuff was inflated to a correct pressure, and you are hearing the fifth Korotkoff sound, which should be recorded as diastolic pressure - The cuff was inflated to a correct pressure, and you are hearing the first Korotkoff sound, which should be recorded as diastolic pressure

The cuff was not inflated to a high enough initial pressure, and you are hearing the second Korotkoff sound instead of the first

What is the role of active assistive exercises in a comprehensive rehabilitation program? - To promote strengthening when the athlete can work only against resistance through a partial range of motion - To increase strength when the athlete can produce maximum force against a resistance through the full range of motion - To improve joint kinesthesia when the athlete can move through the full range of motion without resistance - To improve range of motion when the athlete lacks more than 50% of joint range of motion compared with the uninvolved side - To improve range of motion when the strength of muscles is not sufficient to move the joint through a full unrestricted range of motion

To improve range of motion when the strength of muscles is not sufficient to move the joint through a full unrestricted range of motion

What is the purpose of the Healthy People initiative that is updated every 10 years? - To provide comprehensive goals and objects designed to improve the health of the nation - To provide a census of the current health status of the nation - To compare the health of our nation with that of other nations worldwide - To compare the health of individual in different states and allocates federal funding accordingly

To provide comprehensive goals and objects designed to improve the health of the nation

Which type of splint is indicated for stabilization of long-bone fractures because it limits spasm of surrounding musculature that might negatively impact fracture alignment? - Traction splint - Dynamic splint - Vacuum splint - Air splint

Traction splint

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus, formerly called non-insulin-dependent dibetes-mellitus? - Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for roughly 10% of the total number of cases of diabetes mellitus - Onset usually occurs in people younger than 20 years old - Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the body's inability to use insulin effectively because of a combination of resistance to insulin and an overall decrease in insulin production - Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by an autoimmune-medicated destruction of pancreatic beta cells

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the body's inability to use insulin effectively because of a combination of resistance to insulin and an overall decrease in insulin production

Athletic trainers can treat most acute skin trauma without complication. However, according to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on management of acute skin trauma, patients with which of the following skin conditions should be referred to a physician for treatment? - Wound requiring debridement - Wound requiring an occlusive dressing - Wound requiring tissue approximation with sutures or staples - Wound producing exudate during the healing process

Wound requiring tissue approximation with sutures or staples

When asking a patient about pain during the initial assessment, before treatment, after treatment, and at the time of discharge, why should a clinician consider the patient's personality, age, and gender? - Introverts, as opposed to extroverts, are more sensitive to pain and express pain more freely - In older people, the neurological changes that naturally occur with aging elevate their pain threshold - Group leaders, as opposed to followers, are typically more willing to report and express pain - Men tend to have a higher pain tolerance and threshold than women

Men tend to have a higher pain tolerance and threshold than women

What screening should occur before administering any treatment to the cervical spine? - Spinal segment hypermobility - Vertebral artery insufficiency - Blood pressure - Upper quarter screen

Vertebral artery insufficiency

You are providing medical coverage for a preseason Little League baseball tournament when a mother escorts her 14-year-old son to the medical tent. She states that she cannot seem to get his asthma under control and he needs medical assistance. Breath sounds can be helpful in determining an underlying condition and need for referral. Assign the breath sound you may hear to the potential underlying pathology. Breath sounds may be used more than once. - Bronchitis - Pleurisy - Pneumonia - Asthma - Tuberculosis A: Crackles/rales B: Pleural rubs C: Wheeze D: Rhonchi E: Bronchophony

- Bronchitis: D, A, C - Pleurisy: B - Pneumonia: A, C, E - Asthma: C - Tuberculosis: A, C

Assessing urine specific gravity may aid in identifying dehydration, which can increase risk for exertional heat illness. Which urine specific gravity value is above the reference range for urine specific gravity and may indicate dehydration? - 1.040 - 1.010 - 1.005 - 1.000

1.040

A cross country runner is beginning a functional progression as part of the rehabilitation program for a tibial stress fracture. The runner typically covers 5 miles in a typical practice session. Based on general guidelines, what is the initial distance that the runner should be limited to during the first week of functional progressions? - 4 miles - 1.25 miles - 3.5 miles - 2.75 miles

1.25 miles

When treating a wrist injury with a warm whirlpool, what is the maximum recommended water temperature in degrees Fahrenheit - that is, the temperature that should not be exceeded? - 90 degrees Fahrenheit - 95 degrees Fahrenheit - 100 degrees Fahrenheit - 105 degrees Fahrenheit - 110 degrees Fahrenheit

110 degrees Fahrenheit

You are evaluating a recreational tennis player who sustained an acute knee injury. You are assessing the athlete's active knee flexion and knee extension using a goniometer. Based on the photo, approximately how many degrees of active knee flexion does the athlete have at this time? (Image on Rozzi pg.154) - 120 degrees - 60 degrees - 145 degrees - 35 degrees

120 degrees

In most states, how long must paper medical records be maintained before they can be destroyed? - 3 years - 5 years - 7 years - 10 years

7 years

A soccer team will be playing on synthetic turf during an upcoming 2-day tournament. What injuries should you e most prepared to treat during this tournament? - Abrasions and turf toe - Concussions and arch sprains - Contusions and ankle sprains - Tibial fracture and concussions - Blisters and hamstring strains

Abrasions and turf toe

While leaving the office one evening, you notice the custodian collapse at the end of the hallway. You determine that the custodian is unresponsive. As you are the only person in the building at the time, what action should you take? - Assess airway, breathing, and circulation and call loudly in the hope that someone will come and help - Complete one cycle of CPR, activate emergency medical services (EMS), and then get the automated external defibrillator (AED) - Activate EMS while starting CPR and then obtain the AED after completing one cycle of CPR - Activate EMS, obtain an AED, and return immediately to assist the victim

Activate EMS, obtain an AED, and return immediately to assist the victim

An athlete undergoing a rehabilitation program has become noncompliant, missing appointments and not completing the home exercise program. What action can you take to improve this athlete's compliance? - Ask the athlete to return to rehabilitation only when he is ready to make the commitment - Actively involve the athlete in the goal-setting and rehabilitation planning process - Call the coach to institute disciplinary measures - Explain to the athlete your rehabilitation philosophy and rationale for selecting specific exercises

Actively involve the athlete in the goal-setting and rehabilitation planning process

You elect to perform the Spurling test in an effort to confirm your differential diagnosis of cervical nerve root compression. With your hands interlocked over the crown of the patient's head, you first passively extend the patient's head. As no symptoms are produced, you then add lateral flexion. Again no symptoms are produced. What is your next step? - Add axial compression to see if pain radiates down the patient's arm - Grade the test as negative and proceed with your evaluation - Add rotation of the head toward the ceiling to see if pain diminishes or centralizes - Ask the athlete to take a deep breath and hold it to see if pain radiates down the patient's arm

Add axial compression to see if pain radiates down the patient's arm

An adolescent athlete has been told she has chondromalacia patellae. Which of the following best describes this condition? - An inflammation and bony outgrowth from the attachment of the thigh muscles to the lower leg - An abnormal softening of the cartilage on the underside of the patella or kneecap - Pain and swelling of the tendon between the kneecap and the lower leg - Abnormal movement of the kneecap in its groove when you bend and straighten your leg - Tearing of the cartilage cushions inside the knee joint

An abnormal softening of the cartilage on the underside of the patella or kneecap

Which of the following is considered a third-party ethical dilemma? - An athlete shares with you that her roommate is engaging in self-injurious behavior - Discussion of an athlete's condition with a friend who also happens to be an athletic trainer over lunch at a restaurant close to campus - Allowing a star athlete to return to a game before you feel he or she is functionally ready due to pressure from the coach - Providing special care and treatments to an athlete whose father is the CEO of a major apparel company to secure free apparel for your staff

An athlete shares with you that her roommate is engaging in self-injurious behavior

Which bony landmark should be palpated in order to palpate the proximal attachment of the rectus femoris muscle? - Anterior inferior iliac spine - Anterior superior iliac spine - Greater trochanter of femur - Linea aspera of the femur - Iliac tubercle

Anterior inferior iliac spine

An athlete complains of a dry, irritating cough that is keeping her up at night. Which of the following types of medications do you advise her to obtain at the drugstore? - Antitussive - Expectorant - Decongestant - Antihistamine - Analgesic

Antitussive

During evaluation of an athlete with abdominal pain, rebound tenderness is noted in the right lower quadrant halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior superior iliac spine. Inflammation of which organ is most associated with this symptom? - Liver - Spleen - Bladder - Gallbladder - Appendix

Appendix

A female collegiate athlete has been experiencing chronic lumbar area paraspinal muscle spasms without relief from ice or moist heat packs. Before initiating thermal ultrasound treatment of the muscles of her lumbar spine, you screen for potential contraindications. What question, when answered in the affirmative, is a contraindication for the use of thermal ultrasound? - Do you have any scar tissue in the area of your lumbar spine? - Have you been, or are you now, experiencing any trigger points? - Are you, or could you be pregnant? - Have you been diagnosed with joint contractures?

Are you, or could you be pregnant?

To determine accuracy, clinical results are measured against a predetermined diagnostic gold standard, which is also known as the reference standard. For the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, what is considered to be the gold standard? - Lachman's test - Arthroscopy - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Slocum test

Arthroscopy

A football running back sustained a compression mechanism to the brachial plexus. To assess the extent of this injury, you perform both sensory and motor testing of the nerves of the brachial plexus. From which of the following nerve roots are the nerves of the brachial plexus derived? - C2-C6 - C3-C7 - C4-C8 - C5-T1 - C5-T3

C5-T1

During a football practice a player sustains a brachial plexus injury. As part of your sideline evaluation of the injured athlete, you assess the athlete's reflexes. Based on the photo, which reflex is being assessed? (Image on Rozzi pg.150) - C5 - C6 - C7 - C8 - T1

C6

While evaluating a football player for a brachial plexus injury on the sideline, the athletic trainer determines that the athlete is unable to extend hi elbow against resistance. A deficit in which nerve root is most associated with this impairment? - C3 - C4 - C5 - C6 - C7

C7

Distribution of oxygen and usable metabolic materials occurs through which vessels? - Arteries - Veins - Glands - Capillaries - Venules

Capillaries

An athlete diagnosed with chronic daily headache 18 months earlier returns from a follow-up appointment with his neurologist carrying a prescription for propranolol (Inderal). What effect can this medication potentially have on sports participation and any musculoskeletal injuries? - Inhibition of soft tissue and bone healing - Decreased exercise tolerance - Elevated perceived exertion during exercise - Prolonged healing times

Decreased exercise tolerance

Following an injury, an athlete is exhibiting the characteristics of the bargaining stage of the Kubler-Ross classic model of reaction to death and dying. Which stage is this athlete most likely to enter next? - Acceptance - Denial - Anger - Depression - Recovery

Depression

Before filing a claim with the institution's secondary excess coverage insurance company, what information should first be received from the primary insurance carrier? - CMS 1500 form indicating charges filed by the provider - UB-40 form indicating the diagnostic and procedural codes - EOB indicating the portion of the charges covered by the primary insurance company - EDI form indicating permission to file charges electronically

EOB indicating the portion of the charges covered by the primary insurance company

How might helmets be tracked to ensure appropriate inspections, reconditioning, recertification, and disposal occur? - Each helmet should be assigned a code number at the time of purchase and then tracked - All helmets must be inspected, reconditioned, and recertified each year - Only helmets that were used during the season need to be inspected and recertified - All helmets should be inspected annually, and any helmet that is damaged must be disposed of by following manufacturer's guidelines

Each helmet should be assigned a code number at the time of purchase and then tracked

What mandatory equipment is required by both the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) for any athlete participating in the sport of wrestling? - Elbow pads - Knee pads - Mouth guards - Ear guard

Ear guard

When treating a patient with tendinopathy, which of the following types of exercises should be incorporated as soon as the patient can tolerate them to produce possible treatment outcome? - Concentric exercises - Eccentric exercises - Proprioception exercises - Plyometric exercises

Eccentric exercises

An athlete on your equestrian team is thrown from a horse and suffers a cervical spine injury that results in paraplegia. Which of the following strategies might best prepare the athlete's teammates to interact with their friend moving forward? - Educational session to discuss the nature of the injury and its associated limitations and answer questions the teammates may have about how to best help their friend - Critical incident stress debriefing to help the athletes process the injury they saw - Individual meetings with school counseling center to evaluate how each individual athlete is processing the situation - Cognitive behavioral therapy to gradually expose the athletes to memories of the tragic event

Educational session to discuss the nature of the injury and its associated limitations and answer questions the teammates may have about how to best help their friend

Which of the following adaptations might occur as a result of hyperlordotic posture? - Adaptive shortening of anterior chest musculature - Increased compressive forces on posterior hip ligaments - Soft tissue shortening and increased compressive forces in posterior upper thoracic and cervical regions - Elongation of the anterior lumbar spine ligaments and posterior hip ligaments

Elongation of the anterior lumbar spine ligaments and posterior hip ligaments

Last night a member of your school's softball team was hospitalized with the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. What action should be taken to minimize the risk of this illness spreading? - Quarantine all softball players for at least 36 hours - Refer all softball players and persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete for a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, obtained through a lumbar puncture - Ensure that all persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete begin prophylactic medication, such as ciprofloxacin - Refer all softball players and persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete for a complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis

Ensure that all persons who had face-to-face contact with the sick athlete begin prophylactic medication, such as ciprofloxacin

To effectively manage athletes with a history of anaphylactic reactions, what medical equipment should health-care professionals stock and be trained to use at the first sign of anaphylaxis? - Nebulizer - Supplemental oxygen - EpiPen - Metered dose inhaler

EpiPen

Which type of injury data collection and analysis method has the greatest potential to provide the most useful information on the incidence of sports injuries? - Case study approach - Outcome studies approach - Epidemiological approach - Cohort approach

Epidemiological approach

An athlete has been diagnosed with mallet finger. Which tendon is involved in this condition? - Flexor digitorum profundus - Central extensor tendon - Extensor digitorum longus - Extensor pollicis brevis - Extensor digitorum communis

Extensor digitorum longus

Following surgical repair of type II superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion, which joint motion is likely to demonstrate a deficit even several years after repair and may benefit from manual therapy intervention throughout the rehabilitation protocol to maximize motion while protecting healing structures? - Flexion - Horizontal adduction - External rotation - Internal rotation

External rotation

You are an athletic trainer for a medical clinic that provides athletic training community outreach. One of your responsibilities is to assist the director of the city recreation department by providing educational information to sports program participants and parents. You must write an informational letter regarding protective equipment for participants in an introductory girl's lacrosse program. What equipment is mandatory for all athletes participating in high school girls' lacrosse that can be required in a city recreation program? - Gloves - Eye guard - Clear mouth guard - Elbow pads

Eye guard

Which of the following is classified as a saddle joint and is capable of 2 degrees of freedom? - Fourth carpometacarpal joint - First metacarpophalangeal joint - First carpometacarpal joint - Fifth carpometacarpal joint - Fifth metacarpophalangeal joint

First carpometacarpal joint

A male athlete comes to the athletic trainer complaining of painful urination and pus discharge from the penis and confides that he had unprotected sexual contact approximately 1 week earlier. Based on his symptoms, what should the athletic trainer suspect is the athlete's immediate problem? - Tinea cruris - Gonorrhea - Urethritis - Syphilis - Human papillomavirus

Gonorrhea

What is the most common chronic bloodborne pathogen infection in the United States? - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) - Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

A member of the crew team reports to the athletic training room complaining of malaise, fatigue, and a sore throat. You have chosen to complete a head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat (HEENT) examination. As part of this examination, you assess the athlete's ear using a otoscope. Match the name of the condition to the possible abnormal findings shown in the images. Some of the conditions listed may not be used. (Images on Rozzi pgs. 184-185) A: Impacted cerumen B: Tympanic membrane contusion C: Otitis media with effusion D: Hematoma externa E: Otitis externa F: Otitis media G: Cochlear obstruction H: Tympanic membrane perforation

Image 1: F Image 2: H Image 3: E Image 4: A

Medical records serve as a source of sports injury data. When discussing and comparing sports injury data it is important to use standard terminology. What term is used to describe the number of acute ankle sprains sustained by members of the school's varsity volleyball team during the 2017-2018 season? - Exposure rate - Incidence rate - Prevalence - Frequency

Incidence rate

What safety precaution should be taken when using a hot whirlpool as part of the plan of care? - Instruct the patient to drain the whirlpool completely before turning off the whirlpool motor - Instruct the patient to turn the whirlpool motor on only after entering the whirlpool tub - Instruct the patient to turn the whirlpool motor off before exiting the whirlpool tub - Instruct the patient not to turn the whirlpool motor on or off while any body part is in the whirlpool water

Instruct the patient not to turn the whirlpool motor on or off while any body part is in the whirlpool water

Which of the following exercises should be avoided during the initial stages of a rehabilitation program for an athlete with an acute subluxation of the glenohumeral joint? - Rhythmic stabilization - Isometric muscle strengthening - Passive range of motion within a nonprovocative range - Joint mobilization - Gentle active range of motion

Joint mobilization

An athlete is seated with his lower legs hanging freely. Observation reveals the tibial tuberosity is more than 10 degrees lateral to the inferior patellar pole. Based on this tubercle sulcus angle, to what condition may this athlete be predisposed? - Lateral patellar tracking - Medial compartment osteoarthritis - Anterior cruciate ligament tear - Iliotibial band syndrome - Medial meniscus tear

Lateral patellar tracking

Which of the following risks is elevated for a sports organization that does not have a medical supervisor such as an athletic trainer present at practices and games? - Catastrophic injury - Legal liability - Failure to provide standard of care - Violation of state practice act

Legal liability

Which cardiac condition places ill athletes, particularly those who are febrile, at risk of sudden cardiac death? - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Commotio cordis - Marfan's syndrome - Myocarditis

Myocarditis

Which of the following health-care providers has authority to prescribe prescription drugs to their patients? - Chiropractor - Nurse practitioner - Registered nurse - Psychologist

Nurse practitioner

You are treating an athlete with a subacute ankle sprain who has been receiving only cryotherapy. You choose to employ a contrast bath as a transitional modality. Which of the following is a physiological effect of a contrast bath? - Constriction of deep blood vessels with ice immersion - Dilation of deep blood vessels in response to heating - Only a superficial capillary response - A vascular pumping action to effectively remove swelling - A cumulative tissue temperature increase is achieved

Only a superficial capillary response

Your baseball coach who was a former catcher comes in for evaluation of his left knee. He notes that he does not have a mechanism of injury, but the knee has become increasingly painful with episodes of occasional "locking and catching". The joint often swells on and off but is usually most inflamed after locking episodes or after being on his feet for longer periods of time. You perform a fluoroscopic evaluation, and it appears that there may be some bone fragments in the joint space. What is your clinical diagnosis? - Patellofemoral pain syndrome - Avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle - Synovitis - Osteochondritis dissecans

Osteochondritis dissecans

To which principle of conditioning does the SAID principle directly apply? - Individuality - Consistency - Progression - Overload - Safety

Overload

When applying a strain-counterstrain technique, how would the athletic trainer assess the effectiveness of the treatment session? - Range of motion of the involved joint will be improved - Strength of the involved structure will increase - Palpating the original tender point should result in a decrease in pain - Anatomic structures are returned to their normal position

Palpating the original tender point should result in a decrease in pain

Which of the following patients with knee pain is most likely to respond positively to patellar taping? - Patient with a Q angle < 10 degrees - Patient with a structural, but not a functional, leg-length difference - Patient with notable supination with weight bearing - Patient with a positive patellar tilt test

Patient with a positive patellar tilt test

A soccer player gets tripped while going for a ball and lands on her shoulder. Your evaluation reveals point tenderness and palpable deformity over the middle and distal third of the clavicle. What action should you take to manage this injury? - Place the athlete in a sling and refer to the emergency department for evaluation - Place the athlete in a figure-8 brace and refer to campus health services for evaluation - Place the athlete in a sling and swath brace until she can be seen by the team physician in the morning - Place the athlete in a shoulder spica and refer for an x-ray

Place the athlete in a sling and refer to the emergency department for evaluation

Each venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP) should state the person responsible for documenting the events of the emergency situation, including all actions taken during patient treatment and transport. What is the primary reason for this level of documentation? - Quality assurance - Potential litigation - Continuity of care - Personnel redistribution

Potential litigation

Which principle of conditioning is a coach following when he increases the team's off-season conditioning program gradually and within each team member's abilities to adapt to the overload in order to minimize risk of injury? - Progression - Intensity - Specificity - Consistency

Progression

An athlete has reached the last phase of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction rehabilitation program. You have assessed his knee extension, and the athlete is lacking 5 degrees of terminal knee extension with a hard-end feel. Which of the following rehabilitation components should be added to address this limitation? - Prone extension hangs with distally positioned weight - Functional biofeedback - Posterior tibial glides - Plyometrics - Proprioception training

Prone extension hangs with distally positioned weight

When using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques, what can a clinician do to help the patient produce a stronger initial response from the muscle, especially when changing the direction of motion? - Give clear verbal cues 2 to 3 seconds before the action you want the patient to take - Passively move the patient through the pattern before attempting it actively - Use manual pressure to guide motion in the appropriate direction - Provide a quick stretch immediately before beginning the movement pattern

Provide a quick stretch immediately before beginning the movement pattern

According to the American College of Sports Medicine Position Statement on Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, what factor has been demonstrated to increase life expectancy and age-related biological changes? - Adequate caloric intake - Regular physical activity - Daily multivitamin and mineral supplementation - Sleeping 8 hours a night - Participation in faith-based activities

Regular physical activity

You elect to utilize the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) to establish baseline data. Which type of error should be counted when conducting the double leg stance component of the balance examination? - Hands lifted off of shoulders - Flexing knees greater than 20 degrees - Moving hips into greater than 5 degrees abduction - Remaining out of test position greater than 5 seconds

Remaining out of test position greater than 5 seconds

A soccer player is rehabilitating following a knee ligament injury. At this point in his rehabilitation protocol, you indicate on-field cone drills with a ball. For this injury, in which phase of the healing process can these activities typically be performed? - Acute inflammatory phase - Subacute inflammatory phase - Repair phase - Remodeling phase

Remodeling phase

What causes the development of an exostosis? - Tearing away of a ligament or tendon's bony attachment - Repetitive stress placed on a bone or bony insertion of a tendon - Normal forces applied to weak bones - Extensive joint and bone immobilization

Repetitive stress placed on a bone or bony insertion of a tendon

What measures can you use to help your institution keep insurance premiums to a minimum? - Establish policies that limit the institution's financial obligation and require physicians to work on a retainer - Require student athletes to have primary insurance and conduct an annual risk-assessment audit - Require athletes to use only physicians approved by their primary insurance plan and decrease your deductible - Require each athlete to pay a modest sum for insurance and require athletes to get three bids for all surgical procedures - Encourage medical providers to treat athletes on an "insurance-only" basis, and coaches should budget to pay copays for all off-campus health-care visits

Require student athletes to have primary insurance and conduct an annual risk-assessment audit

An athlete is returning to a walking progression following knee surgery. Analysis of the athlete's walking gait reveals a shortened stride length and initial foot contact in the midfoot rather than the heel, and toe-off looks like a foot lift rather than rolling from heel to toe. What is likely causing the gait impairment that needs to be addressed before the athlete can continue with the functional progression? - Weak gluteus medius - Weak quadriceps - Restricted ankle motion - Restricted knee extension

Restricted knee extension

Wearing which clothing has the greatest potential to increase an exercising athlete's risk for heat illness? - Cotton short-sleeve T-shirt - Net jersey - Rubberized long-sleeve pullover - Cotton long-sleeve T-shirt

Rubberized long-sleeve pullover

In which stage of employee burnout would the first symptoms begin to appear? - First stage: job contentment - Second stage: job disappointment - Third stage: job disillusionment - Fourth stage: job despair - Fifth stage: work redefined

Second stage: job disappointment

Which of the following agility tests could be used to objectively assess patient function before return to play? - 60-yard sprint - Standing vertical jump - Shuttle run - Single jump for distance

Shuttle run

You are working with a pediatric patient who has been diagnosed with lateral tibial torsion. You are educating the child and the mother about common sitting postures that may contribute to the condition. Which posture would you recommend to the parent that the child should be coached to avoid? - Sitting with knees fully flexed and toes pointing away from the body - Sitting with knees full flexed and great toes touching, like child's pose in yoga - Cross-legged in Indian style position with ankles crossed - Cross-legged with ankles resting against the opposite knee

Sitting with knees fully flexed and toes pointing away from the body

Which method of assessing body composition is relatively easy to perform clinically, requires limited equipment, and has a measurement error of only 3% to 5%? - Bioelectric impedance - Skinfold measurement - Hydrostatic weighing - Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

Skinfold measurement

Which of the following actions should be included in the treatment of an ingrown toenail? - Cut out the ingrown part of the nail and soak the foot in Epsom salts - Soak the nail in a warm povidone-iodine solution bath, cut a "V" in the nail, and place cotton under the corner of the nail - Shave the top of the nail and spread the toes apart with cotton - Remove excess dirt from the nail and soak it in hot water with antibiotic soap - Surgically remove the entire toenail and allow it to grow back properly

Soak the nail in a warm povidone-iodine solution bath, cut a "V" in the nail, and place cotton under the corner of the nail

An athlete shares that his father recently lost his job and his family is having trouble affording food for more than two meals per day. Which community professional would be able to provide the best resources to assist this family? - Psychologist - Occupational therapist - Social worker - Registered dietician

Social worker

The principles of rehabilitation are used to achieve the goals and objectives of the treatment and rehabilitation program, which are determined by the body's physiological healing response. To remember the seven principles, clinicians can use the mnemonic ATC IS IT. What principle is represented by the letter S? - Sport specificity - Specific sequencing - Simplification - Standardization

Specific sequencing

A collegiate freshman cross country athlete you are treating for Achilles tendinosis complains of loss of appetite, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, and a significant decrease in her performance compared with the previous season. What condition might you suspect? - Homesickness and depression - Staleness and overtraining - Burnout - Malingering

Staleness and overtraining

You are performing lateral glides of the patella to address your patient's lateral glide of deficit and assist in improving his knee flexion range of motion. How should you position the patient to administer this treatment? - Supine with the knee extended - Supine with the knee flexed 25 degrees - Supine with the knee flexed between 25 degrees and 45 degrees - Seated with the knee flexed between 0 degrees and 70 degrees

Supine with the knee extended

Which of the following statements correctly describes administration of supplemental oxygen? - Supplemental oxygen provides 90% oxygen, a bag-valve mask provides 21% oxygen, and rescue breathing provides on 16% oxygen - An athletic trainer who has completed a CPR class at the professional rescuer level may provide supplemental oxygen to a victim who is having trouble breathing - Supplemental oxygen cylinders are easily identified because they are red in color and bear a yellow diamond that clearly states oxygen - Supplemental oxygen should be delivered at a rate of 5 to 10 L/min as indicated by a flow rate meter - An athletic trainer must have a physician's prescription on file in all states to administer supplemental oxygen

Supplemental oxygen provides 90% oxygen, a bag-valve mask provides 21% oxygen, and rescue breathing provides on 16% oxygen

Traction is used to provide a longitudinal force that stretches tissues or relieves pressure on various structures. Traction forces can be provided in a sustained or intermittent manner depending on the desired outcomes. Match each of the following pathologies to the type of traction that is generally indicated. A: Facet joint pathology B: Degenerative disk disease C: Nerve root impingement D: Acute disk protrusion E: Muscle spasm

Sustained: B, C, E Intermittent: A, D

Which type of activity is best supported by athletic shoes with a rigid sole? - Running - Cross training - Volleyball - Tennis

Tennis

An athlete at your institution shares that she has recently been diagnosed with HIV. In order to best care for this athlete, her teammates, and any other athlete who might be exposed, what steps should you take to manage this information? - The athlete's identity must remain confidential unless she chooses to share - The coaching staff should be notified so they can assist you in caring for the athlete and the team - The athletics director should be notified - Campus legal affairs office should be notified

The athlete's identity must remain confidential unless she chooses to share

When applying manual resistance as part of a strengthening protocol, how much force should the clinician provide? - The forces applied should be high enough that the patient struggles to move slowly through the range of motion - The force provided should be altered as needed to allow the patient to move smoothly through the full range of motion - The force applied should be minimal touch only pressure to encourage the patient to actively establish range of motion - The force applied should be overpressure at the end range to push the patient into a full arc of motion

The force provided should be altered as needed to allow the patient to move smoothly through the full range of motion

When conducting a medical history, which question can best assist you in ascertaining information regarding the patient's chief complaint? - Have you or anyone in your family been diagnosed with asthma? - When did your symptoms first start? - Have you recently changed work or living conditions? - How would you characterize your tobacco use and alcohol consumption?

When did your symptoms first start?

To palpate the rotator cuff muscle responsible for initiating shoulder abduction, how should the patient be positioned? - With the glenohumeral joint in maximal internal rotation - With the glenohumeral joint in maximal external rotation - With the glenohumeral joint in 90 degrees of abduction - With the glenohumeral joint in 30 degrees of forward flexion - With the glenohumeral joint in 30 degrees of extension

With the glenohumeral joint in maximal internal rotation

For which of the following injuries would a manual conveyance method for transporting a mildly injured athlete to be used? - An athlete sitting in the middle of the track and exhibiting signs of heat illness - An athlete kneeling by the sideline with a lateral ankle sprain - An athlete sitting in front of the goal with a suspected anterior cruciate ligament sprain - An athlete lying in the middle of the football field with a hip pointer - An athlete exhibiting signs of an acute asthma attack on the bench during a baseball game

An athlete sitting in the middle of the track and exhibiting signs of heat illness

An athlete returns from the physician's office with orders to obtain an EEG. How would you explain this test to the athlete? - An electrocardiogram records the electrical activity in the heart - An electromyogram measures the electrical activity in a muscle - An echocardiogram visualizes the cardiac valves and chambers of the heart - An electroencephalogram detects abnormalities in brain wave patterns

An electroencephalogram detects abnormalities in brain wave patterns

Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of cardiac problems in middle-aged and older physically active people? - Cystic fibrosis - Marfan's syndrome - Cardiac arrhythmia - Atherosclerotic coronary disease - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Atherosclerotic coronary disease

Which of the following therapeutic exercise protocols would be helpful for an older adult who would like to train to minimize risk of falls? - Circuit training - Body awareness training - Mindfulness and meditation training - Biomechanical training

Body awareness training

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is currently the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes younger than age 30 in the United States. What are the morphologic features of this condition? Select all that apply. A: Left and right ventricular hypertrophy B: Symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy C: Asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy D: Left ventricular wall thickness 16 mm or more E: Right ventricular wall thickness 16 mm or more F: Nondilated left ventricle G: Dilated left ventricle H: Impaired diastolic function I: Impaired arterial function

C, D, F, H

What chronic medical condition that most commonly occurs in women between the ages of 30 and 50 years is treated with supportive care that includes a graded exercise program, proper nutrition, actions to improve sleep, and counseling as needed? - Lyme disease - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Anemia - HIV

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Differences between patients and clinicians can lead to miscommunications or misunderstandings during the examination process. What action should a clinician take to avoid miscommunication or misunderstandings resulting in incorrect diagnoses or improper care? - Convey respect by addressing adult patients formally, using appropriate prefixes such as Miss, Mrs., and Mr. - Maintain professionalism be referring to the patient strictly by the injured or involved body part, saying "my ankle injury patient" - Avoid making patients of different cultures feel unique; speak to them and treat them the same as everyone else without acknowledging their cultural difference - Refrain from burdening a patient and his family members with health-care decisions they most likely will not understand

Convey respect by addressing adult patients formally, using appropriate prefixes such as Miss, Mrs., and Mr.

What type of running shoe tread is recommended by shoe manufacturers? - Flat with herringbone pattern - Pivot dot pattern - Slip resistant - Deep groove

Deep groove

Ultimately the frequency of helmet recertification and reconditioning is up the discretion of the athletic trainer. However, if no warranty exists or after the warranty expires, how often must helmets be recertified and reconditioned using a vendor approved by the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)? - Every year - Every 2 years - At the end of the playing season - Every 4 years - Recertification/reconditioning not recommended after warranty expires

Every 2 years

A postoperative patient reports to your clinic for rehabilitation. You note that her knee appears more swollen and is warm to the touch. You encourage the patient to schedule an immediate follow-up appointments with her surgeon to rule out an infection in the surgical site. What implications might infection have on the healing process? - Fibroplasia and collagen synthesis may be inhibited - Nutrition to the healing structures may be inhibited - Tissue separation may occur - Excessive production of granulation tissue and excess scar tissue may occur

Excessive production of granulation tissue and excess scar tissue may occur

Hypothermia, which can result in long-term morbidity or death, can occur in organized sports and in physically active people. Athletic trainers should monitor both extrinsic and intrinsic factors that can predispose a person to hypothermia. Which of the following is an extrinsic risk factor for developing hypothermia? - Hypoglycemia - Exercising at a low intensity - Exercising with whole or partial body immersed in cold water - Fitness level falls below physical demands of exercise

Exercising with whole or partial body immersed in cold water

If an educational institution stores a student's medical records with the student's educational records, what protects the privacy of those records? - HIPPA - NCAA regulations - FERPA - NHSL regulations

FERPA

When using a urine specific gravity measurement to determine hydration status, which urine void will give the most accurate information? - First void following breakfast - Void immediately after exercise - Void immediately before exercise - First void of the morning after waking up

First void of the morning after waking up

An athlete demonstrates limited passive dorsiflexion at the preparticipation screening. Which of the following factors is most likely restricting this motion? - Strength of the posterior tibialis muscle - Strength of the peroneal muscles - Flexibility of the toe extensor muscles - Flexibility of the Achilles tendon complex - Strength of the anterior tibialis muscle

Flexibility of the Achilles tendon complex

To ensure safe operation and minimize the risk of patient injury, to which of the following electrical components must whirlpool motors be directly connected? - Circuit breaker - Ground fault interrupter - Hospital-grade plug - Fast-blow fuse - Dedicated circuit

Ground fault interrupter

Which of the following is the best way to estimate the appropriate size of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) before insertion? - Use large size in men, medium size in women, and small size in adolescents and children - Estimated frame size correlates with OPA airway size (small, medium, and large) - Estimated patient height correlates with OPA airway size (small, 60 in. or less; medium, 60 to 72 in.; large, greater than 72 in.) - Hold OPA against patient's cheek

Hold OPA against patient's cheek

According to the Inter-Association Task Force for Preventing Sudden Death in Collegiate Conditioning Sessions: Best Practice Recommendations, what recommendations should be provided to coaches and athletic trainers supervising the January conditioning programs of athletes returning from the long holiday break from training? - Increased work-to-rest ratio is implemented in conditioning workouts - Review of medical history should be conducted to identify any possible risks - Training programs should be approved by the medical director - No adjustments to training programs are necessary, as the break has not been long enough to create any complications

Increased work-to-rest ratio is implemented in conditioning workouts

A resisted range of motion evaluation reveals weakness in the absence of pain. What are the clinical indications of these findings? - Neurological deficit or chronic contractile soft tissue injury - Normal findings for contractile tissue - Minor contractile soft tissue injury - Significant contractile tissue injury or chronic noncontractile soft tissue injury - Minor contractile soft tissue injury or chronic contractile soft tissue injury

Neurological deficit or chronic contractile soft tissue injury

What is the term for the involuntary movement of the eyeballs that may be observed in a patient who has sustained a trauma to the head? - Anisocoria - Pupil accommodation - Nystagmus - Tinnitus - Diplopia

Nystagmus

While covering a middle school softball game, one of the players suffers an acute asthma attack. You assist the athlete in using her shirt-acting beta-2-antagonist rescue inhaler. The athlete's symptoms do not diminish after a second administration of the medication. What are the recommended next steps? - Assist the athlete is using her long-acting beta-2-agonist inhaler - Provide a third administration of the rescue inhaler and if symptoms do not subside refer promptly to a health-care facility - Assist the athlete in using her corticosteroid inhaler - Refer the athlete immediately to a health-care facility

Provide a third administration of the rescue inhaler and if symptoms do not subside refer promptly to a health-care facility

A patient sustained an ankle injury and was seen in the emergency department, where he was provided with a nonfunctional stirrup brace and crutches, which he has been using for the past 2 weeks. During your evaluation you assess his ankle joint play as 1 = considerably decreased. What conclusions can you draw from this finding? - The patient's joint is hypermobile secondary to ligamentous injury - The patient's joint is hypomobile secondary to the immobilization - The patient's joint play is normal, and the brace and crutches can be discontinued - The patient's joint play should be assessed compared with the uninjured ankle in a close packed position

The patient's joint is hypomobile secondary to the immobilization

While conducting a physical examination you ask your patient to single leg stand on his injured limb with his foot flat on the ground and his knee flexed approximately 5 degrees. Then you ask him to rotate his body to internally and externally rotate the femur on the tibia three times. Next you ask the patient to repeat this test with his knee in a position of 20 degrees of flexion. What is the name of this test? - McMurray's test - Noble compression test - Thessaly test - Wilson's test

Thessaly test

Which of the following cognitive-based relaxation strategies is geared toward eliminating negative thoughts that are linked to the spiraling effects of anxiety? - Thought stoppage and reframing - Desensitization - Disassociation - Autogenic training - Meditation

Thought stoppage and reframing

The bat swing in baseball (movement of the arms) takes place in which of the following planes? - Frontal - Transverse - Sagittal - Coronal

Transverse

What environmental condition, when combined with low air temperatures and wind, creates an environment that can predispose an athlete to hypothermia? - Lightning - Wetness - Cloudiness - High pollen count

Wetness

To introduce a lower extremity plyometric program into your patient's rehabilitation program, what should you consider regarding your patient's physical condition? - Your patient should have adequate flexibility, strength, and proprioception - Your patient should have full range of motion of all involved joints and equal strength bilaterally - Your patient should have a quadriceps-to-hamstring ratio within 10% of normative values for age, gender, and level of sport competition - Your patient should score at or above age and gender normative values for both the standing long jump and the vertical reach test

Your patient should have adequate flexibility, strength, and proprioception

Which individuals are appropriate members of a catastrophic injury management team at a college or university? Select all that apply. A: Director of risk management B: Director of student housing C: Director of campus counseling D: Director of athletics E: Director of risk management F: University president G: university spokesperson H: Director of athletic communications/media relations I: Head athletic trainer J: Director of sports medicine K: Director of campus student health and wellness center L: University legal counsel

A, D, E, G, H, I, J, L

During a soccer game an athlete goes down to the turf writhing in pain after a particularly high force tackle. Observation reveals significant deformity of the talocrural joint, effusion, and significant pain. The athletic trainer determines that the athlete needs to be splinted and transported for further evaluation of a possible ankle dislocation. What would be the most appropriate method of transport to the emergency department? - Activate emergency medical services (EMS) for transport of the athlete by trained emergency medical technicians who can provide more immediate access to early reduction, monitor neurovascular status, and provide medication as needed - The athlete can be transported by a coach with the athletic trainer maintaining immobilization and frequently monitoring neurovascular status - The athlete can be transported by the team physician who is present at the game in the physician's personal vehicle - The athlete can be transported by the parents with an athletic training student present to monitor pulse and sensation

Activate emergency medical services (EMS) for transport of the athlete by trained emergency medical technicians who can provide more immediate access to early reduction, monitor neurovascular status, and provide medication as needed

Which of the following pieces of information reported in the documentation of a patient's visit would be considered a clinician-based outcome? - Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder flexion increased by 5 degrees - Patient notes she was able to sleep through the night without waking up due to pain - Patient is unable to complete work-related tasks with increased ease - Patient requires less assistance with activities of daily living

Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder flexion increased by 5 degrees

What does AOASM stand for? - American Orthopedic Academy of Sports Medicine - Association of Organization and Administration in Sports Medicine - American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine - Academy for Orthopedic Assistance in Sports Medicine - Alliance for Outreach and Advancement of Sports Medicine

American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine

During a depth jump drill, the athletic trainer encourages the athlete to minimize the time his feet are in contract with the floor. The athletic trainer is encouraging minimization of which plyometric exercise phase? - Eccentric - Concentric - Preload - Amortization

Amortization

Which of the following elements must be included in order for a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) authorization to be considered valid? - Detailed description of the injury or illness for which the patient is giving permission to release information - An expiration date - List of specific persons by name who are authorized to release information - Itemized list of the specific documents that are allowed to be released

An expiration date

A male athletic trainer working outreach at a high school is asked to evaluate a female gymnast who is complaining of right hip and groin pain. Which of the following actions can the athletic trainer take to make the student athlete feel as comfortable as possible during the evaluation? - Share a little about his educational background and hobbies - Perform the evaluation in the middle of the athletic training room when lots of athletes are around - Ask the athlete's coach who is also a female to be present during the evaluation - Begin by taking a medical history that includes questions about mechanism of injury, current training plan, and menstrual history

Ask the athlete's coach who is also a female to be present during the evaluation

One purpose of conducting an examination of an injury before developing a treatment plan is to identify medical conditions that are contraindications to therapeutic modalities. Which of the following conditions is a medical contraindication to therapeutic modality use? - Limited joint range of motion bilaterally - Bilateral sensory impairment - Unilateral joint effusion - Distal extremity joint pain unilaterally

Bilateral sensory impairment

Sports can be classified based on their comparative risk of injury. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), in which of the following categories would soccer be classified? - Contact/collision - Noncontact - Intermittent contact - Noncollision - Limited contact

Contact/collision

What is the best time of day to fit an athlete for shoes? - First thing in the morning - After a workout - Late in the day - After completion of a warm-up and stretching session

Late in the day

The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on acute management of the cervical spine-injured athlete recommends considering the removal of the helmet and shoulder pads to be an all-or-nothing endeavor for which sport in addition to American football? - Men's lacrosse - Men's ice hockey - Field hockey - Women's lacrosse - Australian rules football

Men's ice hockey

A comprehensive lightning emergency action plan includes identifying specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity. Which of the following is a recommendation for suspending or resuming activity? - Resume activities once skies brighten and the sound of thunder lessens - Postpone or suspend activities once thunderstorms are producing lightning - Resume activities 30 minutes after all persons are completely within the designated safe location - Postpone or suspend activities if a thunderstorm appears imminent before or during activity

Postpone or suspend activities if a thunderstorm appears imminent before or during activity

An athlete is demonstrating a pattern of illegal substance abuse and dependence. While having a discussion with this athlete about his options, you employ Prochaska and DiClemente's framework to determine his readiness to do something about his condition. Which of the five different stages of change indicates he is not ready to work with you to develop a treatment plan? - Precontemplation - Contemplation - Preparation - Action

Precontemplation

An athlete complains of pain and swelling that is isolated to the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe. Pain is greatest when pushing off during walking and running and began after the athlete started wearing new turf shoes to practice on the synthetic turf field. What injury would you suspect? - Sesamoiditis - Turf toe - Morton's neuroma - Jones fracture

Turf toe

Which of the following wraps should you select to most effectively apply a shoulder spica to a female collegiate volleyball player? - 6-in. x 10-yd elastic bandage - 6-in. x 6-yd elastic bandage - 4-in. adhesive elastic tape - 6-in. adhesive elastic tape - 4-in. x 10-yd elastic bandage

4-in. x 10-yd elastic bandage

Through a comprehensive medical examination you determine your patient has rotational knee instability whereby his medial tibial plateau subluxes anteriorly. What is the term for this rotational knee instability? - Medioanterior instability - Anterolateral instability - Posteromedial instability - Anteromedial instability

Anteromedial instability

You are working in a road race when an older man is brought into the medical tent with a large lower leg abrasion that is bleeding profusely and is difficult to control. The patient shares a list of the medications he is currently taking. Which of the following medications is likely contributing to the extensive bleeding? - Ibuprofen - Coumadin - Lopressor - Claritin

Coumadin

Which type of brace is the most appropriate for treating chronic infrapatellar tendonitis? - Counterforce - Neoprene with medial support - Prophylactic - Rehabilitative - Derotation

Counterforce

Which health-care providers are excluded from, but may choose to comply with, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations? - Health-care providers who do not treat workers compensation patients - Health-care providers who do not treat Medicare patients - Health-care providers who earned professional credentials or degrees before 2003 - Health-care providers who do not electronically bill for services

Health-care providers who do not electronically bill for services

Once an athlete has been taught how to perform progressive muscle relaxation techniques, how might the athletic trainer enhance the use and efficacy of the treatment for the athlete? - Incorporate the exercise into the daily rehabilitation session even though the athlete seems anxious about not being able to effectively relax - Ask the athlete to select three teammates to practice the techniques with in the locker room before each practice session - Make it a required team activity after each practice - Provide the athlete with recordings of guided relaxation techniques so the athlete can practice on his own in a quiet environment

Provide the athlete with recordings of guided relaxation techniques so the athlete can practice on his own in a quiet environment

An athlete is returning to sport-specific skills following an ankle reconstruction and is very anxious about the possibility of reinjury. What steps can the athletic trainer take to assist the patient in gaining confidence? - Start with a simple skill that the patient can perform easily and develop confidence, then progress slowly to more complex activities - Challenge the athlete by introducing new and difficult skills to be performed at full speed and at maximum intensity - Ask an athlete who recently went through a functional rehabilitation program to explain that the skills are easy and it will not hurt - Discontinue sport-specific skills and go back to working on strength gains so the athlete can feel more confident

Start with a simple skill that the patient can perform easily and develop confidence, then progress slowly to more complex activities

At what governmental level are the laws and policies regarding the use of therapeutic modalities by athletic trainers established and regulated? - State - National - Regional - Local - International

State

An athlete with exercise-induced asthma uses his short-acting beta-2-agonist metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer 10 to 15 minutes before practice. During the practice session, the athlete repeats MDI use three times. How should you best manage this athlete? - The athlete should be instructed to drink more water than his teammates because this medication can cause dehydration - The athlete should be reinstructed in proper usage of the inhaler - The athlete should be instructed to take an over-the-counter antihistamine before practice to minimize the effects of environmental triggers - The athlete should be referred to the team physician for evaluation of his current asthma treatment plan

The athlete should be referred to the team physician for evaluation of his current asthma treatment plan

You are reviewing medical records and note that an athlete has sustained on osteochondral fracture. In which joint does this injury most commonly occur? - Glenohumeral - Tibiofemoral - Patellofemoral - Distal tibiofibular

Tibiofemoral

An athlete reports to the athletic training room wearing a neoprene knee brace with medial and lateral supports. What is the intended purpose of this brace? - To provide support for a patellofemoral condition and enhance proprioception - To allow for controlled progressive immobilization - To provide enhanced proprioception to minimize risk of initial injury - To provide restriction against rotational forces - To provide additional support subsequent to a collateral ligament injury

To provide additional support subsequent to a collateral ligament injury

Following trauma, what is the initial response at the vascular level? - Margination followed by vasoconstriction - Transient vasodilation followed by vasoconstriction - Continual vasoconstriction - Transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation - Margination followed by vasodilation

Transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation

A sailor presents for evaluation of a right finger injury. The athlete notes significant stiffness and pain in his right index finger distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. The athlete reports an old dislocation of the joint, which occurred over a year ago. Evaluation reveals that the joint is basically fused. How would you grade the mobility present at the joint? - 0 = ankylosed - 1 = hard - 2 = firm - 4 = pathological

0 = ankylosed

A baseball coach who is 6 weeks status post rotator cuff repair is rehabilitating in your athletic training room. You assess the range of motion of the coach's glenohumeral joint. What is the normal range of motion for shoulder flexion without scapular elevation? - 0-120 degrees - 0-180 degrees - 0-90 degrees - 0-135 degrees - 0-160 degrees

0-120 degrees

A soccer goalie comes out of the box to retrieve a rebounded shot. The attacking forward seizes the opportunity to shoot, and his foot makes direct contact with the goalie's face. An athletic trainer responding to an on-field injury should routinely carry supplies needed to manage injuries. Which supplies should an athletic trainer have readily available to appropriately manage this injury while minimizing bloodborne pathogen exposure? Select all that apply. A: Adhesive bandages B: Gloves C: Sterile gauze D: Biohazard bag E: Scissors F: Penlight G: Fingernail clippers H: Gum I: Ambu mask J: Face mask removal tool K: Blood pressure cuff L: Emergency medications M: Cotton tip applicators N: Eyewash O: Hard candy P: Goniometer Q: Emergency tooth preserving system R: Nose plugs S: Styptic pencil T: Cohesive tape

A, B, C, D, E, F, I, J, L, N, R, S, T

while making a save, a soccer goalie sustains a head-on collision with the goal post. while conducting a head assessment, you note the athlete is unable to follow your finger with his eyes as you move from midline laterally. which cranial nerve is demonstrating a deficit? - Trigeminal - Vagus - Abducens - Olfactory - Facial

Abducens

A diabetic comes to the sideline during practice complaining of dizziness, fatigue, trembling, heart racing, and headache. The athlete also has a fruity odor on his breath. As the athletic trainer begins the evaluation the athlete becomes more and more confused. What action should the athletic trainer take? - Provide an insulin injection and based on the athlete's response activate the emergency action plan (EAP) - Activate the EAP and monitor vital signs until emergency medical services (EMS) personnel arrive - Move the athlete to a cool location, monitor core body temperature, and provide oral fluids - Activate the EAP, and attempt to provide carbohydrates orally or through glucagon injection if the athlete is unable to swallow

Activate the EAP, and attempt to provide carbohydrates orally or through glucagon injection if the athlete is unable to swallow

In attempt to decrease the need for manipulation following a knee joint arthroplasty, the physician has ordered the use of a continuous passive motion (CPM) device for your patient. Which CPM device design type provides the most joint stability, range-of-motion control, and total range of motion and is considered the most suitable for the knee joint? - Free linkage design - Anatomic design - Nonanatomic design - Semilocked linkage design

Anatomic design

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effectiveness of tape in supporting a joint? - Current research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of taping - Support is most effective after 15 minutes of warm-up - Support is more effective in adolescent athletes compared with senior athletes - Taping is a key component in any injury prevention program - Effectiveness is attributed solely to its ability to limit range of motion

Current research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of taping

The pediatrician who assists you in providing medical coverage to your high school athletes is evaluating a football player's ankle injury. The athlete had forcefully rotated on a planted foot and sustained excessive external rotation of the talus and dorsiflexion forces. The physician has determined the athlete has sprained his deltoid ligament but is unsure of the reason the athlete is reporting anterior ankle pain. As an athletic trainer, how should you appropriately respond to this physician? - When the ankle is forcefully dorsiflexed and the talus excessively externally rotated, the peroneal tendon can be stretched or torn - An ankle joint forcefully dorsiflexed with the talus excessively externally rotated places pressure on the tibia, stretching the tibialis anterior muscle - During excessive external rotation of the talus or forced dorsiflexion, the distal syndesmosis can be spread and the anterior tibiofibular ligament can be sprained - The mechanism of excessive external rotation of the talus and forceful dorsiflexion can cause an avulsion of the medial malleolus or bimalleolar fracture

During excessive external rotation of the talus or forced dorsiflexion, the distal syndesmosis can be spread and the anterior tibiofibular ligament can be sprained

For which passive joint motion is the physiological end-feel for most persons soft? - Hip extension with the knee extended - Knee flexion - First metatarsophalangeal joint extension - Elbow extension

Knee flexion

A clinician chooses to use an oscillatory joint mobilization to stretch the joint capsule and other connective tissue structures that are limiting joint motion. Which of the following joint mobilization grades would achieve the desired outcome? - Small amplitude oscillations at the beginning of the range - Small amplitude high-velocity thrust past the pathologic restriction - Large amplitude oscillations in the midrange that do not reach the pathologic limit of motion - Large amplitude oscillation from the midrange up to the pathologic limit of motion

Large amplitude oscillations in the midrange that do not reach the pathologic limit of motion

An athlete sustains a direct blow to the ilium resulting in pain at the site of injury and also with trunk flexion away from the injured side. The patient also notes paresthesia over the anterolateral thigh. Which nerve do you suspect has also been impacted by the injury? - Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve - Obturator nerve - Superior gluteal nerve - Inferior gluteal nerve

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

You are using biofeedback to assist an athlete with patellofemoral pain syndrome in regaining neuromuscular control of the vastus medialis. The athlete has just completed a straight leg raise exercise using the biofeedback device and is ready to progress to a more challenging exercise. Which of the following exercises is the most appropriate exercise to incorporate into the rehabilitation progression next? - Mini-squat - Lateral step-up - Single leg squat - Supine quad sets - Slide board

Mini-squat

A pitcher on your baseball team recently underwent surgery to repair a tendon laceration in his throwing hand. The athlete is having difficulty regaining dexterity and fine motor skills, which are inhibiting his activities of daily living. Which of the following providers might best assist you in the rehabilitation of this athlete? - Orthotist - Occupational therapist - Massage therapist - Osteopath

Occupational therapist

After completing a strategic planning process, what should an athletic trainer create in order to put the strategic plan into practice? - Organizational chart - Long-term and short-term goals - Clearly defined department practices - Operational plan

Operational plan

An athlete who recently completed a course of antibiotics and oral steroids complains of white, cheesy, curdlike patches on the tongue and buccal mucosa. What condition is most commonly associated with this presentation, and how is it best treated? - Oral candidiasis; oral rinse of nystatin and oral antifungal medication - Oral candidiasis; oral peroxide rinse and oral antibiotic medication - Leukoplakia; oral rinse of nystatin and manual scraping - Leukoplakia; oral peroxide rinse and oral antifungal medication - Gingivitis; oral antibiotic rinse and fluoride supplements

Oral candidiasis; oral rinse of nystatin and oral antifungal medication

A high school lacrosse player sustains a contact injury to his knee during practice. After providing 2 days of acute management, you reexamine the knee to update his treatment plan. During your examination you assess range of motion and apply Cyriax's rule of determining contractile and insert tissue involvement. Which of the following examination findings indicates contractile tissue involvement? - Patient presents with knee pain during both active knee flexion and passive knee flexion - Patient presents with knee pain during active knee flexion and end-range pain with passive knee extension - Patient presents with knee pain during both active knee extension and passive knee extension - Patient presents with knee pain during active knee extension and end-range pain with passive knee extension

Patient presents with knee pain during active knee flexion and end-range pain with passive knee extension

For which of the following patients has the literature shown low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to be effective in reducing clinical healing time and radiographic healing time for bone fractures such as tibial fractures? - Patients with an acute fracture who begin treatment soon after the injury while the bone is in the inflammatory and callus formation stage of the healing process - Patients with tibial fractures that have been surgically reinforced using an intramedullary rod - Patients who begin taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or steroids soon after the injury - Patients with an acute fracture who begin treatment once the bone reaches the remodeling phase of bone healing

Patients with an acute fracture who begin treatment soon after the injury while the bone is in the inflammatory and callus formation stage of the healing process

An athletic trainer has recently been promoted to a managerial position within the department due to his tenure and outstanding clinical skills. Since being promoted, he has struggled with many of the administrative tasks as well as his interactions with colleagues whom he now supervises. He is considering stepping down from the position. Which business concept principle is demonstrated in this scenario? - Counterpower - Phenomenon referred to as the "Peter principle" - Legitimacy - Honeymoon effect

Phenomenon referred to as the "Peter principle"

A running back who has just returned to plyometric exercises following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a patellar tendon graft is experiencing some inflammation at the donor site. Which modality would meet the goals of increasing tissue temperature to stretching and scar massage as well as decrease inflammation? - Short-wave diathermy - Iontophoresis with acetic acid - Phonophoresis with dexamethasone - Moist hot pack and massage

Phonophoresis with dexamethasone

A middle-distance runner has exercise-induced asthma. Which of the following environment is most likely to limit the intensity and number of wheezing episodes during activity? - Cold and dry - Temperate and dry - Cold and moist - Temperate and moist - Hot and dry

Temperate and moist

Which of the following exercises demonstrates the appropriate application of the principles of cryokinetics? - The athlete performs active pain-free dorsiflexion exercises immediately following immersion of the ankle in ice water until it is numb - The athlete performs passive Achilles tendon stretching while immersed in an ice-water bath - The athlete performs resisted inversion and eversion exercises immediately following ice massage - The athlete performs therapist-assisted joint mobilization exercises and then immerses the ankle in ice water to control the pain - The athlete performs active assisted inversion and dorsiflexion exercises through the complete range of motion regardless of pain while immersed in an ice-water bath

The athlete performs active pain-free dorsiflexion exercises immediately following immersion of the ankle in ice water until it is numb

Which of the following situations is least likely to require activating the emergency transport system? - The patient has lost consciousness - The patient has suffered a posterior glenohumeral joint dislocation - The patient is unresponsive - CPR is being performed on the patient - Bleeding from an open fracture cannot be controlled

The patient has suffered a posterior glenohumeral joint dislocation

When palpating soft tissue on the medial aspect of the ankle, in which order are the flexor tendons palpated moving from anterior to posterior? - Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallicus longus - Tibialis anterior, flexor hallicus longus, and flexor hallicus brevis - Peroneus brevis, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallicus brevis - Plantaris, lumbricals, and tibialis posterior - Flexor digiti minimi, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallicus longus

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallicus longus

Which of the following findings would prompt referral to a physician for further evaluation because it may be indicative of an underlying cancer? - Unexplained pain radiating down the left arm - Unexplained swelling in the ankle or legs - Inability to produce an active muscle contraction in the absence of an injury - Unremitting night pain

Unremitting night pain

Team physicians and certified athletic trainers should rely on the most current research and professional association position statements and practice standards when creating medical history questions for preparticipation physical examinations (PPEs). According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on PPEs and disqualifying conditions, which of the following specific questions associated with risk for cardiovascular disease should be included in the medical history? - Are you aware of any members of your family who have been diagnosed with a heart murmur? - Do you ever experience an increased rate of breathing when exercising at a high intensity? - When exercising have you experienced chest pain or discomfort? - Have you ever been told your heart rate increases when exercising?

When exercising have you experienced chest pain or discomfort?

To prevent hypothermia, coaches and athletes should be educated on assessing environmental conditions. In addition to air temperature, what environmental factor should coaches and athletes consider when determining athletes' risk for hypothermia? - Pollen count - Wind speed - Dew point - Radiant energy of sun

Wind speed

One of the consequences associated with amenorrhea is decreased bone density. Which interventions may help a competitive athlete with amenorrhea limit bone mass loss? Select all that apply. A: Decreasing training volume and intensity B: Increasing total caloric intake if current caloric intake is deemed inadequate C: Supplementing diet with 1,500 mg of glucosamine each day D: Increasing calcium intake to ensure an intake of 1,500 mg each day E: Beginning or maintaining hormone replacement therapy F: Participating in a moderate-intensity resistance training program G: Applying electrical stimulation to affected bones at least three times per week

A, B, D, E, F

While conducting your college's preparticipation physical examinations, one of your football players confirms he has sickle cell trait by showing results of a diagnostic test. What actions should be taken to minimize this athlete's risk of experiencing an exertional sickling episode? Select all that apply. A: Allow athlete longer rest periods between conditioning repetitions B: Exclude athlete from participation in performance tests C: Adjust work-rest cycles in heat so that all-out exertion is limited to no more than 8 minutes D: Encourage athlete to maintain optimum hydration levels E: Do not allow athlete to practice if he is feeling ill F: Require athlete to use supplemental oxygen between each conditioning repetition G: If athlete has asthma, ensure asthma is controlled

A, B, D, E, G

To minimize disease transmission, equipment and surfaces in sport venues and health-care facilities should be frequently and routinely cleaned. What should be the primary consideration when selecting and using a disinfectant or detergent for routine cleaning and disinfecting? - All the manufacturer's recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact time are followed - The product is endorsed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - The product contains trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), clindamycin, or linezolid - The manufacturer's published cost/benefit ratio

All the manufacturer's recommendations for amount, dilution, and contact time are followed

As a high school athletic trainer, you have multiple practice sessions occurring simultaneously. Which group of athletes is most at risk for developing a heat-related illness? - Cross country team completing speed drills - Field hockey team preparing for tomorrow's game - Soccer team working on corner kicks - Football team running through offensive plays - Volleyball team completing conditioning drills

Football team running through offensive plays

Even though scoring on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5) should not be used as a stand-alone method to measure recovery or to make decisions about an athlete's readiness to return to participation following a concussion, it can be used to measure recovery and progress. Which of the following score changes on the SCAT5 indicate patient improvement? - Orientation score changes from 5 to 1 - Immediate memory score changes from 9 to 15 - Digits backwards score changes from 4 to 3 - Months in reverse score changes from 1 to 0

Immediate memory score changes from 9 to 15

Which supervisory model emphasizes the use of formal authority to improve employee efficacy and efficiency? - Clinical supervision - Developmental supervision - Performance evaluation supervision - Inspection-production supervision - Centralized leadership supervision

Inspection-production supervision

What impact do joint mobilizations have on the nutrition of a joint? - Joint mobilizations do not impact joint nutrition in any way, as nutrition is systemic - Joint mobilizations encourage synovial fluid movement, which promotes nutrient-waste exchange of the articular cartilage - Joint mobilizations produce cavitation in the joint releasing carbon dioxide - Joint mobilizations break down adhesions, which inhibit joint nutrition

Joint mobilizations encourage synovial fluid movement, which promotes nutrient-waste exchange of the articular cartilage

An athletic trainer is using motor level stimulation to promote muscle reeducation. Where should the active electrode be placed to facilitate this treatment? - At least 6 inches from the dispersive electrode and over the muscle belly - Over the motor point - Over an active trigger point - No more than 6 inches from the dispersive electrode - Any soft tissue area outside the electrical field

Over the motor point

An athlete who has recently been prescribed Imitrex for migraine headaches is demonstrating an increase in blood pressure. In which section of the Physician's Desk Reference can this be verified as a possible side effect of the medication? - Product information section - Product identification guide - Product category index - Brand and generic name index - Manufacturer's index

Product information section

Which of the following somatic-based relaxation strategies is based on the premise that it is impossible to be nervous or tense if muscles are completely relaxed? - Differential relaxation - Progressive relaxation - Rhythmic breathing - Concentration breathing - 1:2 breathing

Progressive relaxation

Which type of exercises should be incorporated into the rehabilitation program of an athlete exhibiting a Trendelenburg gait in order to target the underlying cause of the abnormal gait? - Resisted hip adduction range of motion - Resisted hip abduction range of motion - Resisted hip extension range of motion - Resisted hip flexion range of motion

Resisted hip abduction range of motion

Which of the following would indicate that the pace and intensity of a functional progression need to be adjusted because the progression may not be meeting the intended goals? - The athlete is demonstrating extreme confidence and decreased anxiety and apprehension - The activity is resulting in increased swelling and pain following a treatment session - The injury has reached a specific point in the time frame of the healing process - The athlete is mastering functional activities but has not yet mastered sport-specific skills

The activity is resulting in increased swelling and pain following a treatment session

An athlete has sustained an abrasion to his elbow area. The skin in that area has developed yellow, or honey-colored, crusted lesions on an erythematous base. These small pea-shaped lesions have erupted, leaving purulent discharge on the skin. The lesions are painless yet pruritic. What is the best management plan for this patient's condition? - Topical antifungal medication and removal from activity for 48 hours - Oral antiviral medication and cover lesions for all contact activity - Topical or oral antibiotics and removal from contact activities until lesions have cleared - Topical antihistamine medication and an oral antiviral medication and remove from activity for 24 hours - Oral steroid medication and cover lesions for all contact activity

Topical or oral antibiotics and removal from contact activities until lesions have cleared

Which response demonstrates an athletic trainer responding with cultural awareness and sensitivity to an athlete who asks that reflexology be incorporated into his sports injury treatment plan? - "The current sports medicine literature doesn't support the effectiveness of reflexology in treating musculoskeletal injuries such as yours" - "I don't know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful" - "As a health-care professional I practice evidence-based medicine and avoid grasping at treatment techniques just because they are new or exciting sounding" - "Since you are from another country you may not understand all aspects of the treatment we are providing you, so feel free to ask questions"

"I don't know much about reflexology, but tell me why you feel it may be helpful"

An athlete has a subchondral contusion and osteochondral defect with associated loose body. The physician recommends a microfracture procedure to address the condition. How would you explain this diagnosis and treatment to the athlete? - "You have a very serious knee injury, and we will need to schedule you for surgery during the upcoming spring break" - "You have a big piece of cartilage floating around inside your joint, and the surgeon needs to go in and suck it out" - "You have injured the cartilage and the bone at the end of your leg bone. You need surgery in which tiny holes will be drilled into the injured cartilage to promote healing" - "You have sustained a compressive-type injury to the hyaline cartilage on the distal end of your femur, and only by inducting an inflammatory reaction will this cartilage have a chance to heal" - "You have sustained a complicated knee injury that you really cannot understand. You should just trust the physician because he knows what he is doing"

"You have injured the cartilage and the bone at the end of your leg bone. You need surgery in which tiny holes will be drilled into the injured cartilage to promote healing"

To perform an anterior drawer test to assess the integrity of the anterior talofibular ligament, the patient should be sitting at the end of the examination table with the knee flexed. The examiner uses one hand to stabilize the lower leg and the other hand cups the calcaneus. In how many degrees of plantar flexion should the examiner place the ankle before drawing the calcaneus and talus anteriorly? - 90 degrees - 45 degrees - 15 degrees - 0 degrees

15 degrees

You are instructing a patient in static flexibility exercises to be performed at home daily. Which of the following parameters are recommended for healthy individuals by the American College of Sports Medicine? - 15- to 30-sec stretch duration for two to four repetitions - 20-sec duration repeated in circuit for 10 total minutes - 30-sec to 1-min stretch duration with one repetition per stretch - 10- to 15-sec stretch duration for 10 to 15 repetitions

15- to 30-sec stretch duration for two to four repetitions

Plyometric exercises are often used in the functional portion or rehabilitation to prepare athlete for return to play and to demonstrate readiness to manage higher intensity workloads. Due to the high stress and loads associated with moderate and high intensity plyometric exercises, at what age is it typically safe to incorporate these exercises into a rehabilitation program? - 10 years old - 12 years old - 16 years old - 18 years old

16 years old

To determine an athlete's readiness to return to participation following a 3-week rehabilitation program for a lateral ankle sprain, you use the Star Excursion Balance Test and a single-legged hop for distance test. To minimize this athlete's risk of injury on return to sport-specific tasks, what percentage of the uninjured limb's performance should be demonstrated by the injured limb? - 50% - 60% - 80% - 100%

80%

In the process of bone healing following injury, what immediately follows the phase in which a fibrocartilage soft callus forms? - A fracture hematoma forms - A bony callus made of spongy bone is formed - Osteoclasts remove excess tissue - Blood vessels grow into the fracture site

A bony callus made of spongy bone is formed

An athlete who has just completed running a marathon on a hot and humid late summer day is demonstrating signs and symptoms of exertional hyponatremia. What is the physiological cause of this condition and its associated clinical presentation? - A decrease in serum or plasma chloride (CT) concentration - A decrease in serum or plasma sodium (Na+) concentration - An increase in serum or plasma potassium (K+) concentration - An overall increase in serum or plasma volume

A decrease in serum or plasma sodium (Na+) concentration

The venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP) for the sports facility where you are providing medical coverage includes using a scoop stretcher for transporting a patient with a potential spine injury. What is the advantage of using a scoop stretcher instead of a spine board? - Using a scoop stretcher eliminates the need to lift or roll the injured patient - Using a scoop stretcher eliminates the need to secure the patient with straps before transport - Using a scoop stretcher eliminates the need to maintain manual in-line cervical stabilization - Using a scoop stretcher eliminates the need to remove the football helmet and shoulder pads

Using a scoop stretcher eliminates the need to lift or roll the injured patient

To minimize musculoskeletal overuse conditions in the workplace, what is the proper position to assume when working at a computer? - Adjust chair seat height so that when seated all the way back in the chair the worker's feet are flat on the floor with the hips and knees each flexed to 90 degrees - Chair size should allow the worker to sit in the chair with hips all the way to the back, creating no space between the chair and the posterior knee - While seated the worker's relaxed arms should be abducted approximately 45 degrees to rest on the chair arm rests - The back of the chair should be no higher than the inferior angle of the scapula's

Adjust chair seat height so that when seated all the way back in the chair the worker's feet are flat on the floor with the hips and knees each flexed to 90 degrees

An athlete reports to the athletic training facility complaining of nausea, slight fever, mild diarrhea, and nonspecific discomfort located around the umbilicus and the right lower quadrant. The athlete is able to manage pain only by staying in the fetal position. The pain has been steadily increasing over the past several hours. Which acute condition do you suspect, and how should this best be managed? - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease; instruct the athlete to call her gynecologist - Irritable bowel syndrome; schedule the athlete to see the team physician later in the day - Cholecystitis; schedule an appointment with a gastroenterologist for the athlete - Appendicitis; the athlete should be transported to the local emergency facility - Kidney stone; refer the athlete to the local emergency facility

Appendicitis; the athlete should be transported to the local emergency facility

In the last 2 minutes of a soccer game, a forward charging toward the goal collides with the sweeper from the opposing team and sustains a compound midshaft tibiofibular fracture. What is the most appropriate immediate acre for this injury? - Activate emergency medical services (EMS), splint the injury in correct alignment, elevate the distal extremity, and monitor for shock - Apply dressing to the wound, splint the injury in the position it was initially found, continually check neurovascular status, and activate EMS - Monitor the patient's vital signs, activate EMS, and remain with the athlete until assistance arrives - Apply dressing to the wound, splint the injury in correct alignment, transport the athlete to the sideline using ambulatory aid techniques, and reassess - Apply an antibiotic dressing to the wound, apply a half-ring splint ensuring correct alignment, activate EMS, and monitor for shock

Apply dressing to the wound, splint the injury in the position it was initially found, continually check neurovascular status, and activate EMS

An ice hockey defenseman is checked into the boards and receives an illegal blow to the left abdominothoracic area. After completing your initial and off-site assessments, you determine the athlete's condition does not warrant immediate referral, but you want to monitor his symptoms. Therefore, the athlete returns with you to the ice to watch the last 30 minutes of practice. At the end of practice, you decide to conduct a follow-up assessment. You assess the athlete's vital signs and record the following information: - Heart rate: 125 beats/min - Blood pressure: 90/64 mm Hg - Respirations: 20 breaths/min - Temperature (oral): 99 degrees Fahrenheit; diaphoretic appearance In addition to these measurements, what other signs and symptoms are typical of an athlete in this condition? Select all that apply. A: Pale skin B: Cool and clammy skin C: Shallow respirations D: Drowsiness or sluggishness E: Irritability F: Fecal incontinence G: Agonal gasping H: Cessation of sweating I: Elevated blood pressure J: Ventricular fibrillation

B, C, D, E, F

In football players, what mechanism of injury most commonly causes an axial compression fracture of the cervical spine? - Contact with the top of the helmet while the cervical spine is in a partially flexed position - Contact with the face mask, forcing the cervical spine into hyperextension - Contact with the helmet, pushing the cervical spine into lateral flexion and depressing the shoulder - Contact with the chin strap, forcing the cervical spine into partial extension - Contact with the side of the helmet, resulting in lateral rotation of the cervical spine

Contact with the top of the helmet while the cervical spine is in a partially flexed position

You are the athletic trainer assigned to your high school's football game. While covering a kickoff return, one of your players attempts to tackle the ball carrier. You see him lower his head, drive the top of his helmet into the ball carrier's numbers, and then fall to the ground, where he lies motionless. While you are administering CPR, the automated external defibrillator (AED) arrives at your side. How will you integrate the AED into the emergency care currently being provided? - Continue CPR until the AED pads are in place and the machine is ready to analyze the athlete's heart rhythm - Continue CPR until the AED indicates the need for a shock - Immediately discontinue CPR, apply the AED pads, and permit the machine to analyze the patient's heart rhythm - Complete your current five cycles of compressions and breaths, then discontinue CPR and apply the AED pads to the athlete and permit the machine to analyze the patient's heart rhythm - Complete 30 more chest compressions and administer two more breaths, then discontinue CPR and apply AED pads to the athlete and permit the machine to analyze the athlete's heart rhythm

Continue CPR until the AED pads are in place and the machine is ready to analyze the athlete's heart rhythm

The Sports Medicine Program where you work recently developed a new protocol for triaging patients. After their appointment, each patient is asked to complete a five-question pencil-and-paper questionnaire to determine his or her level of satisfaction with the new triaging protocol. What process can you use to determine reliability of the questionnaire you are using to assess your new triage protocol? - Determine the interrater reliability by asking patients to complete the questionnaire twice, both times administered by the same office worker - Determine intrasession reliability by asking patients to complete the questionnaire immediately after their appointment and then again 30 minutes later - Determine intrarater reliability by having patients complete the questionnaire twice before leaving the office, once when the questionnaire is administered by a female office worker and another time when the questionnaire is administered by a male office worker - Determine internal consistency by asking patients to complete the questionnaire immediately after their appointment and then again 3 months later

Determine intrasession reliability by asking patients to complete the questionnaire immediately after their appointment and then again 30 minutes later

The mother of one of your high school athlete calls your athletic training room to ask your advice. She shared that her son is sick and she believes that he has strep throat and may need an antibiotic. Her son's pediatrician is out of the office for the next 2 days, but the office offered to have the athlete seen by one of the physician assistants on staff. How would you respond to the mother? - Encourage her to take the athlete to see the physician's assistant because that provider can conduct a strep test and prescribe an antibiotic if needed - Encourage her to treat her child with acetaminophen (Tylenol) and wait until the physician returns - Encourage her to take her son to a local urgent care facility to be seen - Encourage her to bring the athlete to the athletic training room so you can provide the athlete with a 2-day dose of antibiotics until the physician returns

Encourage her to take the athlete to see the physician's assistant because that provider can conduct a strep test and prescribe an antibiotic if needed

Before applying joint mobilization techniques, the clinician must consider the relative position of the articulating joint surfaces. In what anatomic position is the glenohumeral joint considered to be in a close-packed position? - Full abduction and full external rotation - 90 degrees of abduction and full internal rotation - Full flexion with full external rotation - 90 degrees of flexion with full internal rotation

Full abduction and full external rotation

A soccer player is returning to limited participation drills following a medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus injuries. What type of knee brace is most appropriate for this athlete? - Custom derotation brace - Functional medial hinge brace - Neoprene sleeve - Rehabilitation brace - Prophylactic hinge brace

Functional medial hinge brace

A rower of your university's crew team has been in bed recovering from a gastrointestinal infection that began 10 days ago. He contacts you and states he is experiencing muscle weakness in both of his legs along with pain when he moves his ankles and knee joints. He tells you he thought he was recovering from the infection because he does not have a fever anymore, and he cannot understand why he is experiencing these new leg symptoms. Which of the following neurological conditions should you suspect? - Multiple sclerosis - Guillain-Barre syndrome - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Complex regional pain syndrome

Guillain-Barre syndrome

You are providing an education session for parents and coaches of the Local Little League organization. During the question and answer period, a parent asks if it is safe for her 13-year-old son to be throwing breaking pitches if he is not having any discomfort and only throwing a few of those pitches each inning. How would you respond? - Breaking pitches should not be introduced until a minimum of 16 years of age - Adolescent pitchers should not throw breaking balls until they reach puberty or 16 years of age, whichever comes first - If the athlete is using correct form and not experiencing any pain, it should be safe for him to continue to throw limited breaking pitches - By 13 years of age, it is safe to introduce all types of pitches and continue to increase the frequency and volume of those pitches every 2 to 3 weeks

If the athlete is using correct form and not experiencing any pain, it should be safe for him to continue to throw limited breaking pitches

What is the purpose of writing a chronology of events following a catastrophic injury? - It assists the injured party's legal team in developing legal action against the medical staff and the institution - It allows the management team to critique the process while providing a basis for reviewing the efficacy of the procedures - It assists the counseling team by providing a comprehensive background of events from which they can formulate a care plan - It aids the administration in making decisions regarding the employment status of involved personnel

It allows the management team to critique the process while providing a basis for reviewing the efficacy of the procedures

This fall your high school has a record number of boys wanting to play football. The returning varsity players and almost all of the junior varsity players have received properly fitted new or reconditioned equipment. The equipment supply has been exhausted, but the coaches want to give all the remaining boys without equipment a chance to play, so they inquire about using the old, worn-out equipment in the storage room, even if it just "almost fits." What is the most important information that should be communicated to the coaching staff regarding this stored equipment? - The school emblem on these old worn-out helmets is not current and so will not match the other helmets - The screws holding the face masks on the old helmets are mostly rusted and stripped, not allowing for changing of face masks to ensure position-specific face masks - These helmets were stored in a moist and dark storage room, so they will likely have mold and other fungi on the inner surface and padding - Junior varsity players are less skilled and experienced, so wearing worn-out and improperly fitted equipment increases their risk of injury

Junior varsity players are less skilled and experienced, so wearing worn-out and improperly fitted equipment increases their risk of injury

A 14-year-old freshman running back has been complaining of deep diffuse hip pain for several weeks. The injury has not responded to conservative treatment, so the athlete is referred to the team physician for further evaluation. The physician orders an x-ray of the hip joint, which reveals a flattening of the femoral head on the involved side. When questioned further, the athlete reports hurting his hip when he was 10 after falling on the playground. He wore a brace for a while but then was able to return to full activity. What condition do you suspect? - Osteitis pubis - Hip pointer - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease - Hip labral tear

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

You are preparing your college football team for the upcoming season. A football player is having difficulty finding a pair of shoulder pads that fit him correctly. As his athletic trainer, you decide to modify a pair of shoulder pads to fit this athlete. Which modifications are least likely to result in you or your institution being involved in a lawsuit should the athlete become injured? - Limit your modifications to only those recommended by the shoulder pad manufacturer - Limit your modifications to only those that you have made in the past that did not result in any injuries - Limit your modifications to those that your athletic director agrees in writing to take responsibility for should a player get injured - Limit your modifications to only those you have seen colleagues make that did not result in any injuries - Limit your modifications to only those specific to the player's position

Limit your modifications to only those recommended by the shoulder pad manufacturer

A softball player is referred to an ear, nose, and throat physician after being struck in the nose by a ball. Which of the following is the most important document that should accompany the player to the off-campus health-care facility? - Medical history and injury report - List of contact numbers and medical referral paperwork - Insurance information and list of athlete's allergies - Medical referral paperwork and insurance information - Injury report and parent contact information

Medical referral paperwork and insurance information

How often should formal educational sessions regarding the risk of head-down contact in football be conducted? - Once before the fall season and once before the spring season - Each time the team is assessed with a spearing penalty during the season - Once a year before the start of the season - Once before the start of the season and once midway through the season

Once before the start of the season and once midway through the season

A seal from this organization appears on eye protection, such as eye guards, manufactured in compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards. - NOCSAE - HECC - CSA - PECC

PECC

A golfer reports to the athletic training clinic complaining of sharp pain in the ball of her foot. She states that it feels like there is a piece of glass stuck in her foot. The athletic trainer observes callus formation embedded with tiny black or dark red dots on the ball of the foot. What is this condition, and how should it best be managed? - Tinea pedis; apply an over-the-counter antifungal cream, and educate the athlete on proper foot hygiene and drying techniques - Chronic eczema; apply topical steroids, use oral antihistamines to reduce itching, and educate the athlete about proper foot hygiene and drying techniques - Plantar warts; shave excessive callus, apply over-the-counter chemicals designed to dissolve the warts, and use doughnut padding for pressure relief - Tinea pedis; use oral antibiotics, shave excessive callus, and instruct the athlete on proper footwear selection - Plantar warts; use an oral antiviral medication, and educate the athlete on proper foot hygiene and drying techniques

Plantar warts; shave excessive callus, apply over-the-counter chemicals designed to dissolve the warts, and use doughnut padding for pressure relief

What are the recommendations for storage of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications in the athletic training room? - Prescription medications should not be stored in an athletic training room, but OTC medications can be safely stored in a storage closet or cabinet - Prescription and OTC medications must be stored in a locked closet that is accessible only to the team physician - Prescription and OTC medications should be stored in a climate-controlled locked cabinet with tamper-proof locks accessible only to the authorized personnel, including the team physician and certified athletic trainer - Prescription medication must be stored in a locked cabinet that is accessible only to the certified athletic trainer and team physician, whereas OTC medications can be freely accessible to staff and athletes

Prescription and OTC medications should be stored in a climate-controlled locked cabinet with tamper-proof locks accessible only to the authorized personnel, including the team physician and certified athletic trainer

In addition to evidence regarding the efficacy of treatment interventions and the clinician's knowledge of rehabilitation techniques and strategies, what other factor should be a primary consideration when developing a functional rehabilitation program? - Rehabilitation protocols that list specific exercises and outcomes that must be obtained within previously outlined time frames - Priorities and goals of the patient regarding functional abilities after injury - Scores on validated functional outcome measures - Commonly accepted standard of care for the profession

Priorities and goals of the patient regarding functional abilities after injury

Which diagnostic assessment provided by the Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) gives practicing athletic trainers an opportunity to evaluate their personal knowledge gaps based on the BOC Practice Analysis, Seventh Edition? - Practice analysis comparison - Self-assessment examination - Individual activity review - Professional development needs assessment

Professional development needs assessment

Which of the following might be indicative of an autonomic response to a very effective myofascial release treatment session? - Fascial adhesion is relieved and motion increases - Muscle spasm is decreased and with it pain due to endorphin release - Generalized tightness within the entire extremity is released - Pulse rate increases along with sweating and changes in blood pressure

Pulse rate increases along with sweating and changes in blood pressure

Your soccer team is practicing on a recently mowed and fertilized field. One of the athletes, who has asthma, begins to wheeze uncontrollably. What is the first action you should take to manage this athlete? - Send another athlete to get an inhaled corticosteroid from the athlete's locker - Give the athlete oral fluids and encourage her to relax and slow her breathing - Position the athlete in a semirecumbent position to open the airway - Send another athlete to get a fast-acting beta-2-agonist inhaler from your kit - Have the athlete put her hands over her head and breathe in through her nose and out through her mouth

Send another athlete to get a fast-acting beta-2-agonist inhaler from your kit

While providing healthcare in a sports medicine clinic, you are asked to assess a patient who is 5 days status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with partial medial meniscectomy. Your first task is to inspect and clean the patient's surgical incision site. What steps should you take to inspect and clean the incision? Select from the list only the steps that are appropriate at this time. Place your selections in the order in which you should perform them. Some of the steps listed may not be used. (Steps 1-7) A: Inspect the wound for clinical features of wound infection, including pain, edema, erythema, warmth, wound dehiscence, and delayed healing B: Clean the incision site with povidone-iodine solution C: Apply antibacterial ointment to the incision site D: Remove the surgical gloves and wash your hands E: Debride the scab and any dried skin and blood F: Gently remove the surgical dressing G: Gently remove the adhesive strips H: Dispose of all waste and properly clean the table and entire treatment area I: Clean the incision site with copious amounts of soap and water J: Apply a clean dressing K: Put on surgical gloves L: Clean the incision site with hydrogen peroxide

Step 1: K Step 2: F Step 3: A Step 4: C Step 5: J Step 6: H Step 7: D

What foot position allows for the maximum amount of rigidity at initial contact during the stance phase of the gait cycle to allow the limb to accept the impact of body weight loading? - Foot flat and knee in 20 degrees of flexion - Foot supinates toward neutral, weight shifts over metatarsal heads, and heel begins to rise into plantar flexion - Subtalar joint is in supination, and tibia is externally rotated - 20 degrees of plantar flexion combined with up to 40 degrees of knee flexion

Subtalar joint is in supination, and tibia is externally rotated

When completing a manual muscle test for the middle deltoid muscle, in what position should the athlete be placed if he is unable to hold the test position against gravity? - Semirecumbent, with examiner standing anterior to the athlete - Seated, with the examiner standing at the side of the athlete - Supine, with the examiner standing caudally - Seated, with the examiner standing behind the athlete - Semirecumbent, with the examiner standing behind the athlete

Supine, with the examiner standing caudally

Before basketball practice, you notice that the padding surrounding the backboard is beginning to come off. What action should be taken? - No action needs to be taken until the environment becomes unsafe for participants - The loose padding should be removed so it does not come off during practice - The administration should be notified so the backboard can be repaired before it becomes unsafe - The coach should be notified that the backboard cannot be used for practice until it is repaired

The administration should be notified so the backboard can be repaired before it becomes unsafe

The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) assesses postural control and can be used in identifying persons at risk for lower extremity injury as well as a means of assessing postinjury rehabilitation progress. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this functional assessment? - The goal of the SEBT is to determine reach of the involved limb as the patient maintains single leg stance on the uninvolved limb while reaching as far as possible with the involved leg - The anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions appear to be important to identify individuals with chronic ankle instability and athletes at greatest risk of lower extremity injury - Loss of dynamic postural control is noted when the person demonstrates a significantly decreased reach while standing on the healthy limb compared with standing on the injured limb - A SEBT reach trial is not scored if the patient returns to bilateral stance after a reach instead of maintaining single leg stance

The anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions appear to be important to identify individuals with chronic ankle instability and athletes at greatest risk of lower extremity injury

A male athletic trainer elects to use massage to treat a female soccer player's high hamstring strain. Which of the following actions would best protect the athletic trainer from any perception of inappropriate physical contact? - The athletic trainer could ask a female staff member to sit in during the treatment session - The athletic trainer could videotape the treatment session - The athletic trainer could require the athlete to sign a statement of consent for treatment - The athletic trainer could complete the treatment in the middle of the main treatment and rehabilitation area of the athletic training room

The athletic trainer could ask a female staff member to sit in during the treatment session

Which statement correctly describes the relationship that the athletic trainer should have with the strength and conditioning coach? - The strength and conditioning coach should be exclusively responsible for maintaining the fitness levels of all athletes, and the athletic trainer should be responsible for prevention and treatment of all injuries - The strength and conditioning coach should provide all workout plans to the athletic trainer in advance so they can be reviewed and approved - The athletic trainer should approach the strength and conditioning coach if there appears to be a commonly occurring injury or functional deficit so that the situation can be evaluated and strategies can be developed - The athletic trainer should assume responsibility for all conditioning for athletes who are undergoing a rehabilitation program

The athletic trainer should approach the strength and conditioning coach if there appears to be a commonly occurring injury or functional deficit so that the situation can be evaluated and strategies can be developed

An athlete sustains an uncomplicated crown fracture. There is obvious tooth deformity and bleeding, but no pain. How would you explain the absence of pain to the athlete? - The dentin is not affected by this fracture, and it is the primary site of nerve endings in the tooth - The fracture affects only the enamel portion of the tooth, and the enamel contains no nerve endings - This type of fracture exposes the pulp cavity; after the pulp cavity is exposed to air, the nerve endings cease to fire - The fracture is through the gum, which causes bleeding but no pain - The fracture line is through the root, which results in significant bleeding but no pain because the area is not innervated

The fracture affects only the enamel portion of the tooth, and the enamel contains no nerve endings

An athletic trainer working at the secondary school level may elect to send concussion awareness information and return-to-play requirements home with each athlete before the start of each sports season. What legislative actions over the past decade have prompted this educational effort? - The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion - Parent organizations and booster clubs have lobbied for educational efforts - State athletic training practice acts require patient education following concussion -National high school athletics governing bodies require patient and family education related to concussions

The majority of states have enacted sports safety laws related to removal from participation, evaluation, and return-to-play requirements after concussion

A discharge note, which is used when the patient is discharged from rehabilitation, is part of a patient's medical record. Under what circumstances is a discharge note completed and a patient discharged from rehabilitation? - The patient has reached a plateau in progress despite the utilization of a variety of treatment approaches - The patient's individual preset healing time, in days, has been reached - The patient has reached his first short-term goal sooner than anticipated - The patient's effort falls below 50% for three consecutive rehabilitation sessions regardless of treatment approaches

The patient has reached a plateau in progress despite the utilization of a variety of treatment approaches

Your baseball team is playing a doubleheader and you are only one inning into the second game. Dark clouds are moving into the area, and you have heard some rumbles of thunder in the distance. The baseball team's coach also notes the weather changes and asks you if play will be suspended. Which component of your venue-specific comprehensive proactive emergency action plan (EAP) specific to lightning safety is the most helpful for answering the coach's question? - The plan identifies safe locations from the lightning hazard - The plan identifies specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity - The plan identifies a specific person (by name or job title) who makes the decision to suspend and resume sport participation - The plan identifies a reliable means of monitoring the weather

The plan identifies specific criteria for suspending and resuming activity

A soccer player has sustained a traumatic blow to the lower leg in the absence of a shin guard. He is unable to dorsiflex and invert the ankle. Which of the following conclusions would you make? - The player has sustained an injury to the lateral compartment; integrity of the peroneal artery should be assessed - The player has sustained an injury to the anterior compartment; integrity of the peroneal artery should be assessed - The player has sustained an injury to the superficial posterior compartment; integrity of the posterior tibial artery should be assessed - The player has sustained an injury to the anterior compartment; integrity of the anterior tibial artery should be assessed - The player has sustained an injury to the superficial posterior compartment; integrity of the dorsalis pedis artery should be assessed

The player has sustained an injury to the anterior compartment; integrity of the anterior tibial artery should be assessed

An athlete who underwent surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament is unable to achieve the final degrees of extension, as she "locks out" her knee in the open kinetic chain position. What must occur for this athlete to complete the "screw home motion" and achieve full extension? - The vastus medialis oblique must contract to internally rotate the tibia - The quadriceps must contract to externally rotate the tibia - The popliteus must contract to externally rotate the tibia - The iliotibial band must contract to internally rotate the tibia - The medial hamstrings must contract to internally rotate the tibia

The quadriceps must contract to externally rotate the tibia

You are observing a swimmer complete forward shoulder flexion during a physical examination. How should the scapula be moving after the first 60 degrees of forward flexion of the glenohumeral joint? - The scapula should be upwardly rotating, moving 2 degrees for every 1 degree of glenohumeral motion - The scapula should be elevating, moving 1 degree for every 2 degrees of glenohumeral motion - The scapula should be elevating, moving 2 degrees for every 1 degree of glenohumeral motion - The scapula should be upwardly rotating, moving 1 degree for every 2 degrees of glenohumeral motion - The scapula should be abducting, moving 1 degree for every 2 degrees of glenohumeral motion

The scapula should be upwardly rotating, moving 1 degree for every 2 degrees of glenohumeral motion

You are working with a patient with acute back pain and researching the efficacy of various interventions. You review a study on the use of acute lumbopelvic manipulation to relieve acute low back pain. The reference article has a Level II validation. What does this imply about this treatment intervention? - The study is prospective in nature using a variety of patients and clinicians to evaluate the impact on clinical practice. Clinicians can use the results in a variety of settings with confidence that will improve patient outcomes - The study is prospective in nature with a variety of patients and clinicians, and the intervention can be used with confidence in a variety of settings - The study is prospective in nature and uses similar patients and clinicians. The results are best used in settings similar to those in the research - The study is retrospective in nature or is a new original research project. The results should not be used exclusively until further validation can be conducted

The study is prospective in nature with a variety of patients and clinicians, and the intervention can be used with confidence in a variety of settings

A 14-year-old skateboarder falls while performing a trick and externally rotates his foot. The anterior tibiofibular ligament is intact but you suspect he may have sustained a fracture. Which fracture is most likely based on this information? - Salter-Harris V fracture of the distal tibia - Talar dome fracture - Tillaux's fracture - Fibular avulsion fracture - Jones' fracture

Tillaux's fracture

A seventh-grade runner participating on a cross country team is running approximately 10 miles per week at the beginning of team practices. How many miles a week can the coach safely have the athlete run in the second week of practice? - 11 miles - 12 miles - 15 miles - 20 miles

11 miles

Which of the following serial blood pressure measurements would indicate the need for referral and probably medication management? - 136/76 mm Hg - 128/78 mm Hg - 110/68 mm Hg - 102/60 mm Hg

136/76 mm Hg

A soccer goalie makes a diving save and hits his head on the goal post. As you approach the athlete you note he is conscious. He communicates that he has no neck pain, but he is unwilling to move. As part of your on-field evaluation of this injured athlete, you have chosen to perform an upper quarter sensory test to screen for a cervical spine injury. Match the cervical nerve root level with the appropriate illustration. (Image on Rozzi pg. 188) - C5 - C6 - C7 - C8 - T1

1st: T1 2nd: C5 3rd: C7 4th: C8 5th: C6

As the athletic trainer at the local high school, you recognize the need to provide access to early defibrillation in the event that an athlete suffers a sudden cardiac arrest event. With this in mind, you enlist the help of the athletics director to hold annual training for all members of the coaching staff and administrators to practice implementation of the emergency action plan (EAP). What is the recommended target time from collapse to administration of the first shock? - 1 minutes - 3 to 5 minutes - 6 to 10 minutes - Less than 15 minutes

3 to 5 minutes

Before completing grade IV joint mobilizations, an athletic trainer chooses to use ultrasound to create vigorous tissue heating to stretch collagen. What amount of tissue temperature increase is required to achieve this treatment goal? - 1 degrees Celsius - 2 degrees Celsius - 3 degrees Celsius - 4 degrees Celsius - 5 degrees Celsius

4 degrees Celsius

Under most circumstances, after how many minute of oxygen deprivation will brain damage occur in a nonbreathing victim? - Less than 1 minutes - 1 to 2 minutes - 2 to 3 minutes - 3 to 4 minutes - 4 to 6 minutes

4 to 6 minutes

Following the birth of her second child, an elite female distance runner is experiencing sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction and malalignment. The athletic trainer elects to use muscle energy techniques to restore normal joint positioning before completing strengthening exercises. During the active contraction phase of the technique, how long should the isometric contraction be held? - 20 to 30 seconds - 10 to 15 seconds - 5 to 10 seconds - Less than 5 seconds

5 to 10 seconds

Which of the following criteria should be met by an athlete before progressing to the running phase of a knee rehabilitation program? - Quadriceps strength of 4 out of 5 with manual muscle testing, full knee extension and 100 degrees of flexion, and no swelling - 70% of quadriceps and hamstring strength, full knee flexion, and can complete 2 miles of walking - 90% of quadriceps and hamstring strength, 15 degrees of dorsiflexion, and able to do 50 side step-downs - Quadriceps/hamstring ratio of 60%, full knee flexion and fewer than 10 degrees extension lag, and adequate balance - Able to hop on one leg, 10 degrees of dorsiflexion, and able to bike for 30 minutes

70% of quadriceps and hamstring strength, full knee flexion, and can complete 2 miles of walking

Pulse oximetry provides a rapid and noninvasive technique to estimate peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) of hemoglobin. What Sp02 measure falls within the "normal" range? - 45% - 75% - 85% - 95%

95%

Which of the following would be the most effective way to protect an anterior thigh contusion on a basketball player? - A neoprene sleeve - A doughnut pad with a thermoplastic dome - A 1/2-in. solid closed cell pad - A compression elastic wrap - A 1/2-in. felt doughnut pad under a compression wrap

A doughnut pad with a thermoplastic dome

Which of the following athletes would benefit from ultraviolet (UV) therapy? - A sprinter with diabetes - A wrestler with herpes simplex - A field hockey player with chronic psoriasis - A linebacker taking tetracycline - A swimmer with lupus erythematosus

A field hockey player with chronic psoriasis

What is the advantage of using a nebulizer (also known as an atomizer) rather than a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) for delivery of medication during a severe asthma attack? - A nebulizer is less expensive for the patient - A nebulizer can administer a higher dose of medication - The nebulizer has a soothing and sedating buzzing sound to relax muscles around constricted airways - The nebulizer is more portable

A nebulizer can administer a higher dose of medication

Which of the following athletes would be at risk for a potential psychological concern? - A freshman who sustains a meniscal tear and will miss 3 to 4 weeks of competition - A sophomore who is choosing not to join his friends in weekend alcohol use - A senior who is draft eligible and sustains a femur fracture with 2 weeks left in the season - A junior who sustained a second concussion that resolved quickly and who has returned to full school and sport activities

A senior who is draft eligible and sustains a femur fracture with 2 weeks left in the season

The ability of a muscle to develop tension is dependent on the length of the muscle, which impacts the positioning of the actin and myosin cross-bridges. What impact will a shortened muscle have on its ability to provide mobility and stability? - Passive insufficiency will occur, and the muscle will provide efficient mobility and inefficient stability - Reciprocal inhibition will occur, and the muscle will provide efficient mobility and efficient stability - Muscular imbalance will occur, and the muscle will provide inefficient mobility and inefficient stability - Active insufficiency will occur, and the muscle will provide inefficient mobility and efficient stability

Active insufficiency will occur, and the muscle will provide inefficient mobility and efficient stability

As an athletic trainer working for a large manufacturing company, you have been tasked with conducting an ergonomic risk assessment (ERA) for the workers who move the boxed product from the assembly line to the shelves in the storage room. From your ERA, you have identified risk factors to be controlled to minimize risk of workplace-related injury. You have recommended a maximum box size for moving by a single person. What type of control measure have you recommended? - Administrative changes - Physical changes - Personal protective equipment changes - Wellness changes

Administrative changes

A portion of educational competencies outlined to be taught in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)-accredited athletic training education programs focuses on foundational behaviors. Which of the following best characterizes foundational behaviors of professional practice? - Cognitive knowledge that students must master - Psychomotor skills that students must be able to demonstrate - Clinical proficiencies that students must be able to apply - Affective competencies that are infused in all aspects of the education program

Affective competencies that are infused in all aspects of the education program

At the start of soccer practice as the players are stretching on the field, one player reports that her throat and chest skin suddenly feel very itchy. She also reports her eyes and mouth feeling itchy, her eyes watering, and her tongue feeling thick and swollen. As she is talking you note a change in her breathing indicating respiratory distress. What condition should be in your initial differential diagnosis? - Anaphylactic shock - Acute influenza - Acute bronchitis - Acute sinusitis

Anaphylactic shock

When conducting a literature search for evidence related to anterior shoulder dislocations in the adolescent population, which of the following demonstrates the best use of Boolean operators to provide a comprehensive list of related articles? - Anterior shoulder dislocation IN adolescent athletes - Anterior shoulder dislocation NOT adults - Anterior shoulder dislocation in adolescent OR pediatric athletes - Anterior shoulder dislocation is adolescents AND youth AND children

Anterior shoulder dislocation is adolescents AND youth AND children

During observation of an athlete's hip and pelvis, you note that while the athlete is standing erect, her left anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is slightly inferior to her right ASIS. What condition might be associated with this observation? - Normal pelvic alignment - Anteriorly rotated left ilium - Anteriorly rotated right ilium - Posteriorly rotated left sacrum - Posteriorly rotated right sacrum

Anteriorly rotated left ilium

You are evaluating a recreational tennis player who experienced knee pain when he stepped, pivoted, and rotated on his fixed leg. To assess the static stability of the athlete's knee joint, you perform the special test shown in the photo. This test assesses the integrity of which knee joint structure? (Image on Rozzi pg.155) - Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - Anteromedial portion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - Posteromedial portion of ACL - Anterolateral portion of ACL - Anteroposterior portion of ACL

Anteromedial portion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

In what part of a patient's initial evaluation medical documentation should the statement "Patient's prognosis is excellent, unless a meniscus tear is detected with imaging studies" be recorded? - Objective - Subjective - Assessment - Plan of care

Assessment

To comply with American Heart Association guidelines, which state that early defibrillation is considered a critical component of basic life support, what emergency equipment must be on hand for all athletic practices and events? - Advanced airway aids - Supplemental oxygen - Automated external defibrillator (AED) - Immobilization splints

Automated external defibrillator (AED)

You have recently been hired as the first athletic trainer for a brand new high school. Currently the school has no emergency medical equipment. Your athletic director has approved the purchase of only one piece of emergency equipment. Which piece of equipment is the most appropriate purchase? - Spine board (with straps and padding) - Rapid form vacuum splints - Vital signs monitor - Automated external defibrillator (AED)

Automated external defibrillator (AED)

During a doubles tennis match, the player nearest the net fails to quickly react to an opponent's shot and is struck in the eye by the hard hit tennis ball. During inspection of the player's traumatized eye, noting which of the following would indicate immediate referral to an ophthalmologist? - Blood in the sclera of the eye - Periorbital hematoma - Laceration of the eyelid - Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

When developing a strength training program for adolescent athletes, what type of exercise is most appropriate in the initial stages of training? - Body weight exercises - Isokinetic exercises - Plyometric exercises - Free-weight exercises

Body weight exercises

Following a chest wall contusion, an athlete presents with shallow slow breathing. Which breathing term should you use when communicating this to the physician? - Tachypnea - Dyspnea - Bradypnea - Apnea

Bradypnea

You are working as an athletic trainer in an outpatient physical therapy clinic. Following patient treatment, you must identify which procedures were completed for insurance billing purposes. Which coding system is used to identify these procedures? - ICD-9 - DD-10 - CPT - EDI

CPT

For which of the following conditions would the placement of a heel cup in the shoe be of benefit? - Sesamoiditis - Turf toe - Spring ligament sprain - Jones' fracture - Calcaneal contusion

Calcaneal contusion

Which of the following calcaneal alignments is most commonly observed in patients with pes planus? - Calcaneal varus - Calcaneal inversion - Calcaneal valgus - Calcaneal pronation - Calcaneal supination

Calcaneal valgus

A high school tennis player sends her athletic trainer a text message on Saturday morning to update her on how her wrist is feeling following an injury the previous evening during a tennis match. How should the athletic trainer respond to the text message? - Ask clear, pointed questions to clarify her status, as text messages can sometimes be misinterpreted - Call the athlete to discuss her condition, as text messages are not considered to be a secure form of communication - Complete the text conversation and then take screenshots of the conversation to add to the athlete's medical record - Respond by telling the athlete that all conversations must occur in person an schedule an appointment for Monday morning

Call the athlete to discuss her condition, as text messages are not considered to be a secure form of communication

What is the best location to determine the pulse rate of a patient who has a weak radial pulse? - Dorsal pedal - Popliteal - Brachial - Carotid - Femoral

Carotid

A member of your school's gymnastics team informs you that her parents want her to see a physiatrist, who is a friend of the family, when she gets home for summer break. What type of health-care provider is a physiatrist? - Exercise physiologist who can provide advice on training and conditioning techniques, nutrition, and sports performance - Chiropractor who emphasizes musculoskeletal rehabilitation to complement spinal and extremity manipulation - Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation to diagnose and treat a variety of injuries and conditions - Biomechanist who focuses on faulty gait patterns and improper movement mechanics

Chiropractor who emphasizes musculoskeletal rehabilitation to complement spinal and extremity manipulation

What type of material is capable of absorbing force through deforming its shape and then quickly returning to its original form? - Open-cell foam - Moleskin - Closed-cell foam - Felt - Thermo-moldable plastic

Closed-cell foam

According to the Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best Practices for Sports Medicine Management for Secondary Schools and Colleges, to avoid actual or perceived conflict of interest which person should not supervise the athletic trainer? - Athletic director - School nurse - Academic department head - Coach

Coach

Over the past 3 months the athletic trainer and the newly hired tennis team coach have had multiple conflicts focused on returning injured players to practice sessions and matches. The coach routinely requests more detailed information and wants the opportunity to contribute to return-to-play decisions. However, the athletic trainer is confident in his decisions and informs the coach he does not feel he needs the coach's opinion, as the coach does not know more than him and is not a certified athletic trainer. What conflict management approach is the athletic trainer demonstrating? - Compromising - Avoiding - Competing - Accomodating

Competing

Based on the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Position Statement on Preventing and Managing Sports-Related Dental and Oral Injuries, what type of assessment should be conducted in conjunction with any orofacial evaluation? - Shock - Concussion - Vision - Airway

Concussion

When not possible to communicate through an electronic medical record (EMR) system, many athletic trainers use e-mail to communicate with patients and individuals involved in the patient's care, such as coaches and academic support personnel. What action should an athletic trainer take when managing patient care using e-mail communication? - Save all sent e-mails into individual patient folders within the e-mail system - Copy and paste the entire e-mail, with the time stamp, into the EMR - Include yourself in the e-mail distribution list so a copy of the e-mail can be stored in your inbox - Use only computers "hard connected" to the Internet via an ethernet connection

Copy and paste the entire e-mail, with the time stamp, into the EMR

You suspect a recreational tennis player complaining of elbow pain with activities of daily living (e.g., driving and household chores such as painting) may have lateral epicondylalgia. What type of brace may help confirm your diagnosis if wearing it results in a decrease in pain with activity? - Counterforce brace - Medial/lateral hinge brace - Functional derotation brace - Neoprene sleeve

Counterforce brace

When fitting a patient for a cane, the patient should be standing, arms at side, and wearing shoes. The clinician should place the cane next to the patient with the bottom end of the cane touching the floor. With what anatomic structure should the top of the cane align? - Anterior superior iliac spine - Lateral epicondyle of the elbow - Crease of the wrist - Metacarpophalangeal joints

Crease of the wrist

An athlete is completing a leg extension exercise as part of a rehabilitation program for his knee injury. In the first set, he performs 10 repetitions at 50% of working weight. In the second set, he performs six repetitions at 75% of working weight. In the third set, he performs four repetitions at 100% of working weight. Based on his performance in the third set, he performs as many repetitions as possible in the fourth set at a weight that is 5 lb. more than the working weight. Which of the following commonly used progressive overload systems is the athlete employing? - MacQueen's technique - DeLorme's system - DAPRE technique - Watkin's system - Oxford technique

DAPRE technique

A secondary school athlete is forced to sit out for days 5 and 6 of the preseason initial 14-day heat-acclimatization period due to injury. What day of the protocol will this athlete be on when he returns to practice? - Day 7 - Day 5 - Day 4 - Day 1

Day 5

You suspect that an athlete has sustained a spontaneous pneumothorax. While palpating tactile fremitus, which of the following findings would confirm your suspicions? - Decreased fremitus is palpable unilaterally - Decreased fremitus is palpable bilaterally - Increased fremitus is palpable unilaterally - Increased fremitus is palpable bilaterally - Fremitus is absent bilaterally

Decreased fremitus is palpable unilaterally

Foam is commonly used for constructing padding. One type of foam, open-cell foam, can be used as a liner for custom-made pads. What statement is correct regarding open-cell foam? - Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption - Deforms slowly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption - Deforms quickly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption - Deforms slowly when stressed, providing a high level of shock absorption

Deforms quickly when stressed, providing minimal shock absorption

Which of the following should be noted during the observation portion of the injury evaluation? - Demeanor, posture, and deformity - Movement, swelling, and mechanism of injury - Abnormal end-feels, crepitus, and asymmetry - Posture, sensation, and swelling - Movement, asymmetry, and reflexes

Demeanor, posture, and deformity

According to the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research terminology for disability classification, which of the following is defined as a limitation or inability to perform activities and roles to the levels expected within physical and social contexts, such as walking through a grocery store? - Disability - Impairment - Functional limitation - Societal limitation - Pathophysiological limitation

Disability

An athlete presents with itching, skin eruptions, swelling, and skin hemorrhages on and about the left knee following use of a neoprene sleeve during a practice session. What is the most appropriate immediate management for this condition? - Discontinue use of the neoprene sleeve and provide the athlete with antihistamine medication - Send the athlete to be tested for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus immediately - Wash the athlete's skin and sleeve with antimicrobial wash - Apply a cotton compressive sleeve under the neoprene sleeve and return the athlete to participation - Select a larger-sized neoprene sleeve to allow for more airflow and return the athlete to participation

Discontinue use of the neoprene sleeve and provide the athlete with antihistamine medication

You have been subpoenaed to provide testimony regarding a previous student athlete's medical condition. Which of the following guidelines should you observe to safeguard your credibility? - Avoid memorizing the testimony, and never refer to medical records while on the stand - Avoid testifying beyond the boundaries of your experience and, if unsure, making an educated guess - Discuss your testimony with an attorney, before giving it in the courtroom, and never guess - Testify only on issues about which you are an expert, and speak on behalf of the athlete's best interests - Be truthful when testifying about the athlete's feeling, and avoid overpreparing for your testimony because it will appear rehearsed

Discuss your testimony with an attorney, before giving it in the courtroom, and never guess

You are treating a patient's hamstring muscle belly strain. Your treatment goal is to increase tissue temperature of the affected muscle as much as possible. The treatment area is approximately 8 in. x 20 in. Which of the following methods would best assist in achieving this treatment goal? - Two hot packs side by side to effectively cover the area - Dividing the area in half and doing two identical continuous ultrasound treatments - Continuous ultrasound treatment at an intensity twice that used for a smaller treatment area - Warm whirlpool at a temperature of 98 degrees Fahrenheit to 108 degrees Fahrenheit - Two hot packs one on top of the other placed over the belly of the muscle

Dividing the area in half and doing two identical continuous ultrasound treatments

What important instruction should be posted over the whirlpool and given to the patient verbally before initiating treatment to reduce the risk of electrical shock? - No horseplay in the treatment area - No jewelry may be worn in whirlpool - Wash the treatment area with soap and water before immersion to remove sweat and other electrolyte particles - Do not turn the machine on or off while immersed in the water

Do not turn the machine on or off while immersed in the water

An athlete with a partial-thickness laceration has been treated with a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing. How often does this dressing need to be changed if there is no sign of infection or adverse reaction present on daily inspection? - Daily - Every other day - Every third day - Dressing can stay in place for 5 to 7 days

Dressing can stay in place for 5 to 7 days

Based on your examination finding, you have determined your patient's shoulder injury is currently in the inflammatory phase of tissue healing. The treatment goals for this patient address controlling the rate of active inflammation and protecting the injured tissues from secondary trauma and complications. Which of the following therapeutic modalities is most appropriate for meeting these established treatment goals? - Massage - Traction - Biofeedback - Electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation

Which legal provisions ensure that blatant racial discrimination does not occur during the hiring process? - Title IX provisions for equal employment encourage this practice - Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action guidelines protect against discrimination during hiring - Americans With Disabilities Act guidelines prohibit discrimination of persons on the basis of race and gender - Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines provide private institutions with autonomy in hiring minorities - Institutions receive additional state appropriations when minority candidates fill historically nonminority positions

Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action guidelines protect against discrimination during hiring

In which of the following situations might leasing a large piece of capital equipment be more advantageous than purchasing the equipment? - Lower total expense over time - Equipment relies on technology that may change quickly - Ownership carries tax-related penalties - Increased legal liability associated with ownership

Equipment relies on technology that may change quickly

What is considered a cause of mineral deposits in the kidneys, blood vessels, and other soft tissues in the body? - Excessive dietary vitamin A - Inadequate dietary vitamin D - Excessive dietary vitamin D - Excessive dietary vitamin K - Inadequate dietary vitamin K

Excessive dietary vitamin D

Which heat illness typically manifests with fatigue, excessive thirst, incoordination, mental dullness, and slightly elevated body temperature? - Heat syncope - Exercise-associated heat cramps - Exertional heat exhaustion - Exertional heatstroke

Exertional heat exhaustion

The number of recorded direct fatalities resulting from participation in the fundamental skills of football at the high school, collegiate, and professional level have declined dramatically since the late 1970s as a result of major rules changes. helmet standards, better coaching, and improved medical care of athletes. However, indirect fatalities have remained high and have even increased during some decades. Which of the following is the leading cause of football indirect fatalities? - Asthma - Internal trauma - Exertional heatstroke - Concussion

Exertional heatstroke

You are evaluating a swimmer who is experiencing low back pain. The pain is least in the morning and worsens as the day goes on. Movement is guarded, as most motion exacerbates the pain. The patient also notes a tingling sensation across the anterolateral thigh and down the medial aspect of the knee into the medial lower leg. Some weakness is noted with resisted dorsiflexion and reduced patellar tendon reflex. The femoral nerve stretch test is positive for pain in the anterolateral thigh, and Milgram's test is positive as well. Based on these findings, what injury do you suspect? - Spondylolysis - Sciatica - Lumbar disc involvement at the L5-S1 level - Lumbar disc involvement at the L4 level - Facet joint dysfunction

Facet joint dysfunction

An athlete with repeated herpes simplex eruptions should be counseled to avoid which of the following potential outbreak triggers? - Fatigue, psychological stress, and sunlight exposure - Overexposure to the sun, decreased body fat percentage, and sharing water bottles - Sexual activity, contact with others, and dehydration - Contact with others, fatigue, and a high-carbohydrate diet - Poor nutrition, overexposure to the sun, and sexual activity

Fatigue, psychological stress, and sunlight exposure

On the preseason medical history questionnaire a female diver indicates an abnormal menstrual cycle pattern. After gathering information about the athlete's menstrual cycle, you are concerned that she may be experiencing secondary amenorrhea. Which of the following is an accepted definition of secondary amenorrhea? - Fewer than three menstrual cycles per year - Absence of at least six consecutive menstrual cycles - Menstrual periods lasting less than 2 days for at least 6 consecutive months - Five menstrual cycles in 1 calendar year

Fewer than three menstrual cycles per year

For which of the following injuries is a thumb spica semirigid cast (cast in photo) indicated? (Image on Rozzi pg.101) - Fifth distal interphalangeal joint sprain - Third proximal interphalangeal joint sprain - First metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint sprain - Second metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint sprain

First metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint sprain

An emergency action plan (EAP) may include protocols for football helmet and shoulder pad removal. Which shoulder pad removal technique can be used only when the shoulder pads have previously been cut of separated both anteriorly and posteriorly? - Elevated torso technique - Flat torso technique - 8-person lift technique - 8-person lateral slide technique

Flat torso technique

While conducting preparticipation physical examinations, an athletic trainer must identify disqualifying medical conditions. Using the table, assign each medical condition to the sport(s) [Football, Baseball, Golf] for which it is a disqualifying condition. Some conditions may be used for more than one sport, and some conditions may not be used at all. - Enlarged spleen - Poorly controlled seizure disorder - One testicle - One ovary - Absence of one kidney - Enlarged liver - Atlantoaxial instability - Carditis - Mild hypertension

Football: Enlarged spleen, poorly controlled seizure disorder, absence of one kidney, enlarged liver, atlantoaxial instability, carditis Baseball: Poorly controlled seizure disorder, enlarged liver, atlantoaxial instability, carditis Golf: Carditis

Which type of program evaluation involves identifying possible problems, discussing areas of strengths and weaknesses, and evaluating progress toward meeting the objectives of the program? - Summative evaluation - Formative evaluation - Criteria-oriented evaluation - Outcome assessment evaluation

Formative evaluation

A javelin thrower is rehabilitating following an ulnar nerve transposition surgery. What treatment goals must be met before beginning a throwing progression? - Full range of motion, strength, and proprioception in triplanar motions - Pain-free motion, ability to move in triplanar motion, and strength to perform a push-up - Normal muscular endurance, fully healed surgical site, and pain-free pronation/supination - Ability to perform upper extremity weight shifting exercises, normal manual muscle tests, and range of motion to within 10 degrees of full motion

Full range of motion, strength, and proprioception in triplanar motions

A screening tool asks the patient to indicate how frequently over the past 2 weeks he has been bothered by the following: (1) feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge; (2) not being able to stop or control worry; (3) worrying too much about different things; (4) trouble relaxing; (5) being so restless that it is hard to sit still; (6) becoming easily annoyed or irritable; (7) feeling afraid as if something awful might happen. Which mental health condition is this tool assessing? - Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder - Generalized anxiety disorder - Obsessive-compulsive disorder - Depression

Generalized anxiety disorder

The universal wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index provides objective information athletic trainers can use in making recommendations regarding exercise in hot and humid environments. WBGT is calculated from three different thermometers providing three environmental variables. Which thermometer provides a measure of the sun's radiant energy? - Globe temperature (GT) - Wet bulb temperature (WBT) - Dry bulb temperature (DBT) - Sol bulb temperature (SBT)

Globe temperature (GT)

A football player sustained a mild head injury. Two days later the athlete reports feeling no symptoms and recalls everything that happened. You conduct a follow-up Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and he scores within 90% of his baseline scores. The team physician has cleared the player for activity; therefore, you decide to begin a supervised return-to-play progression protocol. During the first stage the player completes a variety of light exercises at an intensity of less than 70% age-predicted maximal heart rate. While exercising the player experiences a mild headache and dizziness. How should you manage this player? - Halt activity and have the athlete repeat this stage after 24 hours of rest - Permit the athlete to complete the activities at this stage, and progress to the next stage if symptoms subside within 24 hours - Permit the athlete to complete the activities at this stage, and repeat this stage after 24 hours of rest - Permit the athlete to complete the activities of this stage, and refer to the physician for reevaluation

Halt activity and have the athlete repeat this stage after 24 hours of rest

Which of the following skills may be elevated in a functional capacity evaluation completed before developing a work hardening or conditioning program? - 40 yard sprint time - Vertical jump height - Hand grip strength - 1 minute sit-up maximum

Hand grip strength

Which of the following recommendations regarding moist heat pack use is designed to protect the patient and extend the life of the equipment? - Heat packs should be removed and washed with soap and water weekly to prevent mold from developing - Heat packs should be allowed to cool to room temperature before replacing them in the water bath - Heat packs should be placed on a patient rather than allowing the patient to lie directly on the heat pack - Heat packs should be used only with a commercial cover as the barrier between the patient and the heat pack

Heat packs should be placed on a patient rather than allowing the patient to lie directly on the heat pack

A patient reports for evaluation of foot pain that is centralized to the medial calcaneal tubercle but spreads out toward the toes. The pain increases with weight-bearing and is heightened with weight-bearing after prolonged sitting or first steps in the morning. Pain is increased with active and passive dorsiflexion and toe extension. Based on this information, which of the following would be your differential diagnosis? - Tarsal fracture, Sever's disease, posterior tibialis tendionpathy, calcaneal stress fracture - Heel spur, calcaneal stress fracture, fat pad syndrome, plantar fasciitis - Tarsal coalition, metatarsal fracture, interdigital neuroma - Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy, sesamoiditis

Heel spur, calcaneal stress fracture, fat pad syndrome, plantar fasciitis

Which of the following bloodborne pathogens is most commonly contracted by health-care workers? - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - Human papillomavirus (HPV) - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Hepatitis D virus (HDV) - Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

A female basketball player reports to the high school's athletic training room complaining of bilateral nonspecific anterior knee pain and a medical history significant for patellar subluxation. You are assessing patellar glide. Based on the photo, how would you characterize the patient's patellar mobility? (Image on Rozzi pg.152) - Hypomobile medial patellar glide - Hypermobile medial patellar glide - Hypomobile lateral patellar glide - Hypermobile lateral patellar glide - Normal medial patellar glide - Normal lateral patellar glide

Hypermobile lateral patellar glide

Ove-the-counter antihistamines are often recommended for patients experiencing the effects of seasonal allergies or allergic reactions. Antihistamines should be used with caution in persons with which of the following conditions? - Hypertension - Type I diabetes mellitus - Fibromyalgia - Raynaud's syndrome

Hypertension

An ice hockey defenseman is checked into the boards and receives an illegal blow to the left abdominothoracic area. After completing your initial and off-site assessment, you determine the athlete's condition does not warrant immediate referral. Therefore, the athlete returns with you to the ice to watch the last 30 minutes of practice. At the end of practice, you conduct a follow-up assessment. You assess the athlete's vital signs and record the following information: - Heart rate: 125 beats/min - Blood pressure: 90/64 mm Hg - Respirations: 20 breaths/min - Temperature (oral): 99 degrees Fahrenheit - Diaphoretic appearance What condition do these findings indicate? - Normal vital signs - Septic shock - Hyperventilation - Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic shock

For which of the following sports does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the National Federation of High School Sports (NFHS) require athletes use protective padding for the elbow and/or forearm during all practices and competitions? - Ice hockey - Soccer - Wrestling - Basketball

Ice hockey

What is the simplest way for a clinician to determine if the treatment he or she is providing a patient is meeting its intended goals? - Use a functional assessment tool before the first treatment session and after the last treatment session - Identify the status of the injury before and after the treatment - Ask the patient to complete a questionnaire to review all signs and symptoms at each treatment session - Compare the treatment to a scholarly research study using the same treatment intervention

Identify the status of the injury before and after the treatment

As the athletic trainer for a high school football team, you hold a team meeting before the start of each season to discuss emergency management protocols with the players. What is the most important information the athletes should receive? - If an injury occurs, players should not touch or move the injured athlete until instructed to do so by the athletic trainer - If an injury occurs, the players should assist the injured athlete in removing his helmet if the player is unable to remove it himself - If an injury occurs, every effort should be made by the teammates to get the injured player to the sideline, where he can be seen by the athletic trainer - If an injury occurs, only the team captain should signal the ambulance staff to come onto the field to transport the athlete

If an injury occurs, players should not touch or move the injured athlete until instructed to do so by the athletic trainer

What term is used when referring to the use of nutrients to attenuate immune changes and inflammation following injury? - Anti-inflammatory nutrition - Immunonutritional support - Nutritional immunology - Recovery nutrition

Immunonutritional support

To avoid catastrophic cervical spine injury in sports, athletic trainers should attempt to control for both extrinsic and intrinsic predisposing risk factors. Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for cervical spine injury in sports? - Improper technique, such as leading with the head into contact - Officials not calling penalties for illegal play known to cause cervical spine injury - Lack of education and awareness of causes of cervical spine injury among coaches when instructing athletes - Faculty athletic equipment

Improper technique, such as leading with the head into contact

During your evaluation before initiating a rehabilitation program for a baseball player's shoulder, you determine the following when comparing the throwing shoulder with the contralateral side: an internal rotation deficit, a greater amount of external rotation, and a similar total arc of motion. What anatomic factor is most likely limiting the internal rotation motion of this athlete's throwing side shoulder? - Inflexibility of internal rotator muscles - Inflexibility of external rotator muscles - Hypermobility of the joint capsule - Hypertrophy of internal rotator muscles

Inflexibility of external rotator muscles

An athlete on your women's basketball team is diagnosed with the mumps. How would you best manage this condition to reduce the risk for other members of her team? - Send the athlete home for a minimum of 25 days and educate the other members of the team about the symptoms of the disease - Provide antiviral medication for everyone who has been exposed and isolate the sick athlete so that no additional exposure will occur - Isolate the sick athlete until parotid swelling returns to normal, verify immunization records and vaccinate other team members is necessary, and educate anyone who has been exposed about the symptoms - Treat the athlete symptomatically with analgesics and rest, verify the immunization record of anyone else who has been exposed, and provide vaccinations for those who have not been vaccinated

Isolate the sick athlete until parotid swelling returns to normal, verify immunization records and vaccinate other team members is necessary, and educate anyone who has been exposed about the symptoms

A 13-year-old adolescent athlete presents for evaluation of pain, stiffness, and swelling in multiple joints that have been present in varying degrees of intensity for more than 6 months without any mechanism of injury. Joint stability tests are within normal limits. Which of the following conditions would be in your differential diagnosis? - Apophysitis - Raynaud disease - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis - Multiple sclerosis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Weakness or reflex inhibition of the psoas major muscle causes this compensatory gait whereby, during the swing phase, lateral rotation and flexion of the trunk occur with hip adduction. The trunk and pelvic movements are exaggerated. To what is this compensatory gait attributed? - Leg-length discrepancy - Severe weakness or paralysis of the gluteus maximus - L4-L5 nerve root compression - Weakness of the gluteus medius muscle - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Which of the following physiological responses is most associated with the inflammatory phase of the healing process? - Histamines are released from the leukocytes causing vasodilation and decreased cell permeability - Cytokines are responsible for margination of the leukocytes along the cell walls - Fibroblasts synthesize an intracellular matrix - Leukocytes phagocytize most of the foreign debris in the area subsequent to clot formation - Granulation tissue occurs with the breakdown of the fibrin clot

Leukocytes phagocytize most of the foreign debris in the area subsequent to clot formation

Most states regulate the practice of athletic trainers for the protection of the public as well as for the advancement of the profession. Which form of governmental credentialing law is considered the most restrictive? - Certification - Registration - Exemption - Licensure

Licensure

Which of the following types of athletic training regulation at the state level is most restrictive? - Licensure - Certification - Registration - Exemption

Licensure

What is the recommended technique for moving a supine athlete with a suspected spinal injury to the spine board for transport off the field? - Log roll - Lift and slide - Manual conveyance - Scoop extraction

Lift and slide

Which of the following injuries result from a shearing force mechanism? - Ligament tears, spiral fractures, and lacerations - Ligament tears, blisters, and abrasions - Blisters, comminuted fractures, and contusions - Spiral fractures, ligament tears, and blisters - Comminuted fractures, tendon injuries, and contusions

Ligament tears, blisters, and abrasions

What outside entities should be consulted when an educational institution sets out to develop an effective emergency action plan (EAP)? - Campus health services staff - Local emergency medical services (EMS) - Medical staff from other schools within the conference - Local police department personnel

Local emergency medical services (EMS)

One component of an emergency action plan (EAP) is identification of the emergency care facilities to which injured individuals will be transported. In addition to the level of capabilities, what should be considered when selecting an appropriate emergency care referral site? - Accessibility for patient's family members - Location with respect to the venue - Accepted medical insurance plans - Amount of sports medicine education and training of facility personnel

Location with respect to the venue

Winging of the scapula could result from injury to which nerve? - Median - Axillary - Long thoracic - Suprascapular - Spinal accessory

Long thoracic

What therapeutic modality has demonstrated an improved healing rate for nonunion fractures? - Intermittent compression - Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound - Continuous passive motion - High-intensity continuous ultrasound

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound

Following an acute, severe spinal cord injury, the most important principle in moving and transporting the patient is spinal motion restriction (SMR) to prevent further harm to the spinal cord. How is SMR achieved during the transport and referral process? - Maintaining the head and neck in neutral alignment with the long axis of the body - Maintaining the head and neck in the initial position of injury - Maintaining the head and neck in 10 degrees to 15 degrees of cervical flexion - Maintaining the head and neck in 15 degrees to 20 degrees of cervical extension

Maintaining the head and neck in neutral alignment with the long axis of the body

Why should an athletic trainer promptly refer any athlete suspected of having Marfan's syndrome to the appropriate specialists? - Marfan's syndrome may cause myopia so the athlete will need corrective lenses - Marfan's syndrome commonly results in major cardiovascular system abnormalities that can lead to sudden death - Marfan's syndrome often leads to joint hypermobility and increased risk for osteoarthritis - Marfan's syndrome is associated with a high arched oral palate leading to dental crowding requiring corrective oral devices

Marfan's syndrome commonly results in major cardiovascular system abnormalities that can lead to sudden death

An athlete with degenerative disk disease has been completing a core stabilization rehabilitation program for the past 6 months and is becoming discouraged by the lack of improvement in the intensity and quality of the pain he continues to experience. What tool might help provide you with an objective means to show the athlete that progress is being made? - McGill Pain Questionnaire - Activity Pattern Indicators Pain Profile - Visual analog scale - Isokinetic strength test - Sit and reach test

McGill Pain Questionnaire

When evaluating the strength of the evidence found in the research literature, which type of research study would be considered the most rigorous and provide the least amount of bias? - Case study - Clinical practice guidelines - Cohort study - Meta-analysis

Meta-analysis

A male referee running down the sidelines during a punt return suddenly grasps at his chest and collapses. His face becomes ashen, and his breathing is difficult, but he maintains consciousness. Because you are trained in first aid, you suspect a heart attack. What should you do? - Treat for shock and send someone to get an automated external defibrillator (AED) - Begin artificial respirations, monitor pulse, and activate emergency medical services (EMS) - Monitor the patient's vital signs, send someone to get an AED, and activate EMS - Administer CPR, monitor vital signs, and activate EMS using your cell phone - Place the patient is a semirecumbent position, provide electrolyte fluids along with low-dose aspirin, send someone to get an AED, and activate EMS

Monitor the patient's vital signs, send someone to get an AED, and activate EMS

During preseason training the senior captain of a boy's soccer team sustains an anterior cruciate ligament tear. When you meet with him 2 weeks after the injury for his presurgery evaluation, he states, "This is the worst thing that could have ever happened to me, everything is gone, my soccer career is over, I don't even care if my knee gets better." In what phase of Turnick, Etzel, Leard, and Lerner's phases of adjustment is this patient currently? - Shock - Realization - Mourning - Acknowledgment - Coping and reformulation

Mourning

When an athlete is diagnosed with an enteroviral infection, and as time progresses, starts reporting symptoms such as increased fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, syncope, palpitations, pitting edema, and exercise intolerance, what acute inflammatory disease should you suspect? - Myocarditis - Bronchitis - Marfan syndrome - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Myocarditis

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) guidelines, what organization must certify shin guards worn by soccer players? - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) - NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards - National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) - Soccer Equipment Certification Center (SECC)

NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards

Which document describes the rules associated with acceptable behavior for athletic training professionals? - National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Code of Ethics - Institutional policies and procedures - Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) Practice Analysis - Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) educational competencies

National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Code of Ethics

As the director of sports medicine for a small college, you are responsible for assigning your two certified athletic trainers to cover team practices. If there are four practices occurring simultaneously on unconnected fields, on which document should you rely when determining staff placement? - National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System - National Safety Council Recommendation for Athlete to Healthcare Provider Ratio - National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - Annual Survey of Football Injury Research - American College of Sports Medicine Injury Incidence Report

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System

You are working with a patient who has been experiencing pain symptoms for more than 6 months. The pain does not seem to be associated with an ongoing disease, but the patient now reports difficulty sleeping due to the pain and symptoms consistent with depression. How would you categorize this patient's condition? - Nociceptive chronic pain - Chronic fatigue syndrome - Neuropathic chronic pain - Psychosocial pain syndrome

Neuropathic chronic pain

Which of the following terms is correctly defined? - Neurapraxia: axon undergoes wallerian degeneration - Axonotmesis: mildest form of peripheral nerve injury - Paresthesia: abnormal sensation - Neurotmesis: complete disruption of the nerve - Neurodynia: degeneration of nerve cells

Neurotmesis: complete disruption of the nerve

Which of the following correctly describes the schedule of controlled substances in which oxycodone is categorized? - Drug has moderate abuse potential - Only moderate psychic or physical dependence liability - No refills without an additional prescription - Verbal orders from physician are permitted - Contains limited quantity of narcotic or nonnarcotic ingredients

No refills without an additional prescription

When auscultating the lungs as part of assessment of a thoracic injury, which of the following sounds would be indicative of a collapsed lung? - Stridor - Wheezing - Rhonchi - Crackles - No sounds

No sounds

When beginning a plyometric program, patients should be instructed in proper landing techniques. Which of the following is a component of a proper landing technique? - Shoulders maintained 2 to 4 inches posterior to knees - Feet maintained no more than 1 inch apart - No valgus motion at the knee - Keep center of gravity anterior to the base of support

No valgus motion at the knee

It is brought to your attention that an athletic trainer at a local high school is dispensing antibiotics and pain medications that the team physician keeps in the school's athletic training facility. If acting in compliance with the Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) Standards of Professional Practice, what action should you take? - Notify local authorities or local law enforcement agencies - Allow the school administrators to notify the professional organizations - Report the situation to the BOC as a violation of the Standards of Professional Practice - Notify local media sources so the situation can be addressed

Notify local authorities or local law enforcement agencies

A cross country runner has been complaining of symptoms consistent with tibialis posterior tendonitis. Evaluation reveals some very mild increased pronation with ambulation. The team physician recommends symptomatic treatment and an off-the-shelf arch support before fabrication of custom orthotics. What is the basis for this recommendation? - Custom orthotics are not very effective with minor biomechanical abnormalities - Custom orthotics do not provide enough cushioning for a cross country runner - Off-the-shelf orthotics are a more-cost effective way to determine if custom orthotics would be helpful - Off-the-shelf orthotics are easier to replace, as this athlete will be participating in daily rigorous workouts

Off-the-shelf orthotics are a more-cost effective way to determine if custom orthotics would be helpful

Which of the following actions would assist youth sports league coaches and personnel in effectively implementing an emergency action plan (EAP)? - Policy statement from the national governing board distributed to all team personnel - Required meeting for all coaches and parents at the beginning of the season to explain safety rules - Overview of legal cases involving youth sports coaches to motivate compliance - One-page handout with clearly presented EAP that outlines step-by-step directions for team staff in conjunction with emergency medical services (EMS)

One-page handout with clearly presented EAP that outlines step-by-step directions for team staff in conjunction with emergency medical services (EMS)

A volleyball player sustains an acute eversion ankle sprain. What taping technique should be applied to best control swelling and provide limited support? - Open basket weave - Gibney - Low-dye - Kinesio taping - McConnell taping

Open basket weave

For the past 4 weeks you have been directing the treatment and rehabilitation program for an athlete with unilateral shoulder impingement syndrome. The athlete is failing to meet treatment and rehabilitation goals and is reporting ongoing symptoms. Referral to which health-care provider is most appropriate for this patient? - Neurologist - Internist - Orthopedist - Podiatrist - Psychiatrist

Orthopedist

A patient presents with a right hand second digit that appears swollen, is sensitive to light touch, and is warm to the touch mostly in the area of the proximal interphalangeal joint. He reports sustaining trauma to the finger 3 days ago during wrestling practice. Based on the phase of the tissue response to injury his tissues are currently experiencing, which therapeutic modality is contraindicated for managing his pain? - Paraffin bath - Ice immersion - Therapeutic laser - Nonthermal ultrasound

Paraffin bath

A swimmer with a history of migraines is traveling to the Caribbean to train over winter break. Which of the following activities should this athlete avoid? - Parasailing - Touring historic churches - Hiking in the jungle - Zip line riding

Parasailing

A diver reports to the athletic training room complaining of right shoulder pain during overhead weight training activities. During your assessment of the athlete's shoulder, you conduct the special test shown in the photos and determine that the test result is positive because the athlete reports pain with motion, especially near the end range of motion. What does a positive test imply? (Images on Rozzi pg.155) - Pathology is present in the rotator cuff group, especially the supraspinatus, or the long head of the biceps brachii tendon - The long head of the biceps brachii tendon is moving out of bicipital groove due to a tear or laxity of the transverse humeral ligament - Laxity of the superior glenohumeral ligament is present - Laxity of the posterior glenohumeral capsule is present, and there is a possible torn posterior labrum

Pathology is present in the rotator cuff group, especially the supraspinatus, or the long head of the biceps brachii tendon

For which of the following patients is the use of intermittent compression permitted? - Patient with bilateral ankle and lower leg lymphedema - Patient with unilateral lower leg deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - Patient with unilateral lower leg anterior compartment syndrome - Patient recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure

Patient with bilateral ankle and lower leg lymphedema

An athlete recently diagnosed with asthma has been provided a peak flow meter to monitor the effectiveness of her medications. To assist this athlete, you first must provide her with a normal peak expiratory flow (in L/min) she can compare with her obtained values. In addition to gender, on what are the normative values for peak expiratory flow based? - Patient's height and age - Patient's height and weight - Patient's weight and resting heart rate - Patient's height and resting heart rate

Patient's height and age

The potential response-injury severity relationship is founded in the understanding that a patient's response to an injury is more likely to be intense when the injury is more severe. Which of the following statements regarding the potential response-injury severity relationship within each of Hedgpeth and Gieck's four rehabilitation length categories is correct? - Patients with a short-term injury (4 weeks or less) are likely to respond with fear and anger and experience several phases of adjustment - Patients with a long-term injury (more than 4 weeks) are typically optimistic following their injury and throughout the rehabilitation process, although they can become impatient and eager to return to preinjury activities - Patients with chronic injuries (recurring) routinely demonstrate a loss of vigor and irrational thoughts and feelings of alienation after the initial injury and throughout the rehabilitation process - Patients with an activity-terminating injury typically experience severe reactions, including isolation and all phases of adjustment, as they manage their identity loss

Patients with an activity-terminating injury typically experience severe reactions, including isolation and all phases of adjustment, as they manage their identity loss

In order to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards that govern occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, what emergency equipment should be included in a venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP)? - Automated external defibrillator (AED) - Pneumatic splint kit - Personal protective equipment - Spine board with padding and straps

Personal protective equipment

What highly vascularized, loose connective tissue membrane adheres closely to the surface of the brain? - Dura mater - Nuchal ligament - Pia mater - Scalp

Pia mater

For which of the following procedures is a mask or eye protection required as part of personal protective equipment? - Controlling minor bleeding - Starting an IV - Placing an advanced airway - Administering an intramuscular injection - Taking vital signs

Placing an advanced airway

Your athlete is unable to wear contact lenses. Corrective eyeglass lenses made of which of the following materials would you recommend for participation? - Polycarbonate lenses - Plastic lenses - Polyethylene lenses - Fiberglass lenses - Ethyl vinyl acetate lenses

Polycarbonate lenses

After reviewing an adolescent athlete's medical history, you suspect that the athlete may have used anabolic steroids in an effort to increase muscle mass. What skeletal impact may result from anabolic steroid use? - Premature epiphyseal plate closure - Decreased bone density - Exostosis development at apophyseal sites - Increased incidence of stress fractures

Premature epiphyseal plate closure

Core, lower extremity, and upper extremity plyometric exercises can be incorporated into a weight training and performance enhancement program to develop power. To minimize risk of injury and ensure maximal benefits, athletes should systematically progress through the three phases or stages of plyometrics. Assign each of the exercises listed to one of the three plyometric exercise phases: preparatory phase, submaximal phase, and maximal phase. A: Single-leg tuck jump B: Rope jump C: Crunches D: Wall push-up E: Push-up with clap F: Depth jumps to box G: Marching H: Ladder drills I: Power skip J: Partner medicine ball throw with twist

Preparatory: B, C, D, G Submaximal: E, H, I Maximal: A, F, J

An athlete reports falling directly on his knee and presents with a golf-ball sized lump just below the skin over the patella. Which bursa is most associated with this presentation? - Deep infrapatellar - Suprapatellar - Superficial infrapatellar - Pes anserine - Prepatellar

Prepatellar

Which of the following pieces of information should be gathered during the observation-inspection phase of the injury assessment process? - Severity of pain - Presence of capitation - Presence of swelling or ecchymosis - Presence of paresthesia - Type of activity that caused the pain

Presence of swelling or ecchymosis

Which of the following commonly prescribed gastrointestinal drugs treats peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Helicobacter pylori through inhibition of protein-pump acid secretion? - Pepto-Bismol - Prevacid - Tagamet - Pepcid - Zantac

Prevacid

What aspect of the examination and treatment of an injured athlete best assists emergency care providers in making emergency transportation decisions? - Primary survey - Secondary survey - First aid provided - Off-site examination

Primary survey

In the process of referring an athlete for psychosocial counseling, which of the following poorly demonstrates professional considerations and subsequent actions? - Expressing your concern for the athlete's welfare and optimal well-being - Protecting yourself, others, and the athlete - Continuing to be supportive to the athlete throughout treatment - Assisting as requested in the communication process with the mental health professional - Probing into the nature of the athlete's past therapy sessions

Probing into the nature of the athlete's past therapy sessions

Which of the following will enhance patient care by improving the transfer of care from the athletic training staff to the emergency medical services (EMS) and hospital personnel? - Providing EMS with a copy of the emergency action plan (EAP) - Providing a copy of the athlete emergency information card to EMS personnel for review and transfer to hospital personnel - Contacting the athlete's parent or guardian to meet the ambulance at the hospital - Providing a copy of the initial evaluation form

Providing a copy of the athlete emergency information card to EMS personnel for review and transfer to hospital personnel

A physician's rehabilitation protocol recommends that at this stage of the athlete's rehabilitation program you begin upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercises. Which of the following exercises is considered an upper extremity closed kinetic chain exercise? - Catching a ball tossed into a pitch-back machine or vertical trampoline - Internal and external rotation with exercise bands - Supine medicine ball toss and catch - Push-up on a Swiss Ball - Supine rhythmic stabilization

Push-up on a Swiss Ball

Manual muscle testing does not attempt to quantify the amount of force generated by a muscle group precisely. Which of the following is a major purpose of manual muscle testing during the rehabilitation process? - Compare range of motion of the injured limb with the opposing extremity - Objectively measure the muscle function of the injured limb - Reeducate the neurological functions of the injured limb - Qualify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program

Qualify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program

While rebounding a shot, a basketball player lands awkwardly on another player's foot before falling to the floor. When the athletic trainer reaches the injured player it is obvious the ankle is deformed with one or more possible fractures. What emergency medical equipment is most appropriate to immobilize this athlete's injury? - SAM splint - Rapid form vacuum immobilizer - Half-ring splint - Stack splint

Rapid form vacuum immobilizer

A patient with lumbar disk pathology has been completing a McKenzie exercise protocol. The patient reports that her back pain has increased since beginning the treatment regimen, but her leg and buttock pain has decreased. How would you respond to the patient's concerns? - Refer the patient back to her physician for reevaluation and further diagnostic studies to evaluate possible exacerbation of disk pathology - Switch the patient to an exercise protocol that focuses more on core stability and lumbar flexion - Reassure the patient that this is the desired response from implementation of this protocol, as low back pain is easier to manage and tolerate than radicular symptoms - Suggest that the patient reduce her repetitions, as she may be overloading the healing tissue

Reassure the patient that this is the desired response from implementation of this protocol, as low back pain is easier to manage and tolerate than radicular symptoms

After gathering a history and developing a differential diagnosis, you need to evaluate the various clinical orthopedic tests available to determine which ones you will complete to confirm your diagnosis. You want to select the most reliable special tests. Which of the following special tests is considered to be the most reliable? - Drop-arm test (interrater reliability measure: 0.57) - Relocation test (interrater reliability measure: 0.71) - Anterior release (interrater reliability measure: 0.63) - Sulcus sign (interrater reliability measure: 0.60)

Relocation test (interrater reliability measure: 0.71)

On Monday afternoon, an athlete arrives at your athletic training facility complaining of a sudden-onset rash. The athlete tells you her legs began itching this morning and she took an antihistamine, but it does not appear to be helping. She also tells you she crashed on a friend's couch last night because they were up late studying for a test. On examination you note a number of small red, raised vesicles in a random pattern on both lower legs. Overall the skin appears inflamed and irritated. To which health-care provider should you refer this patient? - Internist - Family medicine physician - Rheumatologist - Dermatologist

Rheumatologist

An athlete with systemic lupus erythematosus needs to be referred to a specialist. Which of the following specializations would be most appropriate? - Rheumatology - Pathology - Endocrinology - Dermatology - Neurology

Rheumatology

Before administering any type of modality treatment, what action should be taken and documented in the patient chart to protect the athletic trainer in a legal situation? - Current literature is reviewed with the patient to demonstrate need - Risks, benefits, possible adverse effects, and warning signs are explained and consent to treat obtained - Outcomes are explained, assessed, and recorded - Treatment goals, expected sensations, and treatment efficacy measures are outlined

Risks, benefits, possible adverse effects, and warning signs are explained and consent to treat obtained

An employee is complaining of having to work back-to-back weekends and several long days and becomes angry on being scheduled to work an upcoming holiday. Which component of role strain is this employee demonstrating? - Role conflict - Role incongruity - Role ambiguity - Role overload - Role incompetence

Role incongruity

Which of the following statements best describes how normal running gait differs from normal walking gait? - Running gait has a greater stride length and less stride width - Running gait requires less range of motion and strength - The running gait cycle contains the dual phase of double limb support - Preswing is absent from the running gait cycle - The running gait cycle has less total upward and downward motion of the body

Running gait has a greater stride length and less stride width

Which principle of reconditioning also pertains to progressions of functional and sport-specific activities? - SAID - DAPRE - Diminishing returns - Consistency

SAID

Which of the following could you incorporate into your preparticipation examination to gather baseline concussion data? - Vital sign assessment - Upper quarter screening - Glasgow Coma Scale - SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool)

SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool)

At the start of the second game of a double header baseball game you notice the sky darkening and a warm breeze beginning to blow. Rain is coming down and lightning is evident. You instruct the athletes, coaches, officials, and spectators to seek safe shelter. Which locations are safe, and which are unsafe? Classify each of the locations as either a safe location or an unsafe location. A: Car with a metal roof B: Portable restroom behind right field C: Golf cart with cover D: Hospitality tent near ticket booth E: Adjacent building, which houses a concession stand and restrooms F: Storage shed G: Picnic shelter near a cluster of large trees

Safe: A, E Unsafe: B, C, D, F, G

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Code of Ethics, what action should an athletic trainer take if he or she were to become dependent on drugs or other substances? - Seek substance abuse rehabilitation and notify his or her employer - Contact the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) and request to be put on inactive status - Contact the Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) and resign his or her certification - Continue to practice, as this should not impact patient care

Seek substance abuse rehabilitation and notify his or her employer

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a newly designed physical examination test, researchers calculate the test's sensitivity. Which statement regarding test sensitivity is correct? - Sensitivity is also known as the "true negative rate" - Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives + false negatives) - Sensitivity describes the test's ability to detect patients who do not have the disorder - Sensitivity is calculated as true negative/(true negatives + false positives) - Sensitivity is also known as the "diagnostic gold standard"

Sensitivity is calculated as true positives/(true positives + false negatives)

Development of a vision statement is the first step in planning and developing a new sports medicine program. Which of the following is an element of a vision statement? - Services to be offered by program - Short-term and long-term goals of the program - Philosophy of the program - Technology to be used in providing services

Services to be offered by program

A sports team travels to a city located at a higher altitude for an end-of-season tournament. An athlete with which of the following conditions should be closely monitored for effects resulting from the change in altitude? - Sickle cell trait - Urticaria - Celiac disease - Mittelschmerz

Sickle cell trait

An athlete presents to the athletic training facility complaining of left-sided low back pain and left leg radicular pain. The athlete is assuming a right lateral flexed posture. In which position should the athlete be placed to treat with positional traction? - Supine with both knees held tightly to the chest - Supine with hips and knees supported in a 90/90 position - Prone with bolster placed under both anterior superior iliac spines - Side-lying on a towel roll with left side up - Side-lying on a towel roll with right side up

Side-lying on a towel roll with left side up

You are approached by an athlete who recently learned she has a family history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. She is asymptomatic but is confused and has questions regarding this cardiac arrhythmia condition. You decide to begin your explanation of this condition by explaining normal cardiac activity. Which of the following paths constitutes the normal route for conduction of electrical activity through the heart? - Sinoatrial node to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle to Purkinje's fibers to ventricular musculature - Sinoatrial node to atrial musculature to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle to bundle branches to ventricular musculature - Sinoatrial node to atrial musculature to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle to bundle branches to Purkinje's fibers to ventricular musculature - Sinoatrial node to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle to bundle branches to Purkinje's fibers - Sinoatrial node to atrioventricular bundle to atrial musculature to atrioventricular node to bundle branches to ventricular musculature to Purkinje's fibers

Sinoatrial node to atrial musculature to atrioventricular node to atrioventricular bundle to bundle branches to Purkinje's fibers to ventricular musculature

A pole vaulter misses the pit and makes contact with his head against the base of the support pole. On initial observation, you note bleeding from a small head laceration and blood and cerebrospinal drainage from the nose and ears. What condition do you suspect? - Subdural hematoma - Epidural hematoma - Concussion - Skull fracture - Ruptured tympanic membrane

Skull fracture

Which of the following best describes information that should be provided to a patient following application of a Graston technique? - Some redness, heat, and bruising are normal reactions to the treatment. Fluid intake should be increased to resolve the by-products of inflammation that may have resulted from the treatment - The treated area should be rested and stressed as little as possible for 12 to 24 hours - Pain may increase immediately after treatment but should resolve within 2 hours - Ice should not be used after treatment so as not to disturb the inflammatory process created by the treatment

Some redness, heat, and bruising are normal reactions to the treatment. Fluid intake should be increased to resolve the by-products of inflammation that may have resulted from the treatment

Which type of soft orthotic material has a high energy-absorbing quality with a high density, making it effective for preventing blisters and absorbing ground reaction forces in multiple directions? - Sorbothane - Orthopedic felt - Sponge rubber - Gauze padding - Closed-cell foam

Sorbothane

For a patient with worker's compensation reimbursement, what should be included in at least one of the final goals of treatment? - A list of job responsibilities for which 50% must be met - Full pain-free range of motion for all activities completed involving the affected joint - Ability to complete all activities of daily living - Specific workplace task that will allow the patient to return to work with minimal or no work restrictions - Ability to be medication-free for a minimum of 90 days before discharge

Specific workplace task that will allow the patient to return to work with minimal or no work restrictions

A diver reports to the athletic training facility complaining of right shoulder pain during overhead weight training activities. During your physical examination, you conduct the special test shown in the photos. You determine that the test result is positive when the athlete reports experiencing pain along the long head of the biceps brachii tendon, especially in the bicipital groove. What is the common name for this test? (Image on Rozzi pg.156) - Speed's test - Ludington's test - Yergason's test - O'Brien's test - Allen's test

Speed's test

An athlete who sustained an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain and subsequently underwent a surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation program approximately 15 years ago contacts your institution requesting coverage of medical bills for a surgical procedure to address osteoarthritis that has developed in the affected knee. Which form of legal protection should protect the institution in this situation? - Institutional liability insurance - Good Samaritan laws - Statutes of limitations - Participation agreement

Statutes of limitations

Which of the following groups of field kit supplies is most helpful in managing an athlete with a displaced contact lens? - Penlight, mirror, and sterile gauze pads - Blue light, fluorescein strips, and eye patch - Sterile eyewash, tweezers, and cotton-tipped applicators - Contact lens case, eye patch, and sterile saline solution - Sterile saline solution, mirror, and contact lens case

Sterile saline solution, mirror, and contact lens case

What is the primary function of the gallbladder? - Secrete digestive enzymes - Store bile - Release insulin into the bloodstream - Produce hormones for regulating carbohydrate metabolism - Store glucose

Store bile

The leading cause of death in young athletes in an athletic venue is sudden cardiac death (SCD). The causes of SCD can be categorized as structural/functional, electrical, and other. Using the following table, classify each of the causes of SCD in young athletes as structural/functional, electrical, or other. - Commotio cordis - Long QT syndrome - Coronary artery anomalies - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - Drugs and stimulants - Marfan syndrome - Myocarditis

Structural/Functional: Coronary artery anomalies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan syndrome, myocarditis Electrical: Long QT syndrome, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome Other: Commotio cordis, drugs and stimulants

You are evaluating a patient who complains of a "squeaky" sensation along the back of the lower leg into the foot. A palpable nodule can be felt along the distal tendon. Plantar flexion is painful and weak, and passive dorsiflexion is limited by pain at the end range. Which of the following is the most appropriate differential diagnosis for this patient? - Heel spur, calcaneal stress fracture, fat pad syndrome, plantar fasciitis - Os peroneum syndrome, lateral ankle, syndesmotic ankle sprain - Osteochondritis dissecans, medial tibial stress syndrome, deep vein thrombosis - Subcutaneous calcaneal bursitis, insertional Achilles tendonitis, Sever's disease

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursitis, insertional Achilles tendonitis, Sever's disease

While completing a rehabilitation program, a baseball player performs resistive glenohumeral internal rotation exercises using an exercise band. As the athlete returns to the start position of the exercise, slowly allowing the exercise band to recoil, which muscle is the athlete using? - Subscapularis - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Biceps brachii

Subscapularis

Some members of a track team residing in one of the northern states have expressed concern with getting sunburn on their upcoming southern spring break training trip. What information should be provided to these athletes regarding the use of sunscreen to prevent sunburn? - Sunscreen is not needed by athletes with dark complexions - Sunscreen with a higher number SPF provides a longer period of protection against the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays - Sunscreen needs to be used only for practice sessions occurring between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. - Sunscreen should be applied 15 to 20 minutes after sun exposure

Sunscreen with a higher number SPF provides a longer period of protection against the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays

An athlete has sustained a hamstring strain. Which of the following physiological events indicates the fibroblastic repair phase of the healing process for this injury? - Immediate vasoconstriction followed by reflex vasodilation, stagnation, and stasis - Formation of an insoluble fibrin clot and phagocytosis - Synthesis of intracellular matrix and formation of granulation tissue - Formation of fibroblasts, decrease in type III collagen fiber, and increase in type I collagen fibers - Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and production of collagen fibers

Synthesis of intracellular matrix and formation of granulation tissue

What is the most important educational instruction to provide a patient regarding the use of over-the-counter medications? - Take the medication as instructed on the label - Select a medication that addresses multiple symptoms to ensure the most effective treatment - Understand that dosing is only a recommendation and that doses can be doubled safely - Take all medications with food and/or a full glass of milk or water to minimize gastrointestinal upset - Selecting natural medications minimizes adverse reactions and side effects

Take the medication as instructed on the label

When working with preadolescent and adolescent athletes, what system can assist you in determining developmental levels of adolescence with characteristics of each level for both boys and girls? - Salter-Harris classifications - Stages of life table - Tanner stages - Skeletal maturity measurements

Tanner stages

Why is it important to document an athlete's deficiencies and functional limitations in a discharge summary? - It is necessary to demonstrate the need for the athlete to return to the physician - It assists the athlete in any future litigation proceedings - Doing so justifies the purchase of new equipment in your clinic - The athlete may need the documentation for insurance reimbursement purposes - The athlete may be forced to discontinue treatment before long-term goals are achieved

The athlete may be forced to discontinue treatment before long-term goals are achieved

When developing sport-specific functional progressions and determining performance guidelines associated with clearance to return to play, which of the following professionals would be a good resource? - A strength and conditioning specialist - The team physician - The athlete's employer - The athlete's coach

The athlete's coach

If a normal eye is shaped like a basketball, which of the following best describes the presentation of astigmatism? - The eye is shaped more like a boomerang - The eye is shaped more like a football - The eye is shaped more like a teardrop - The eye is shaped more like a hockey puck - The eye is shaped more like a flying disc

The eye is shaped more like a football

A member of your university's women's volleyball team has recently been diagnosed with inflammation of her peroneal tendons. A fellow athletic trainer has asked you to address this patient's inflammation using a treatment of dexamethasone 0.4% administered via phonophoresis. To best comply with state pharmacy practice acts, who should be prescribed the medication being used for this treatment? - The patient - The clinician - The treatment facility - The university

The patient

In addition to appropriate management and monitoring of medical conditions, why is it important that the examiner review all medications listed on the health history with the athlete during the preparticipation examination? - The athlete may not be receiving appropriate medical care - The review of medications may provide information about underlying medical conditions that were not disclosed on the health history - The reviewer can screen for substance abuse issues - The medications must be documented for drug testing purposes

The review of medications may provide information about underlying medical conditions that were not disclosed on the health history

When auscultating the heart, the first sound or "lub" is heard coinciding with ventricular systole. What physiological action occurs during ventricular systole? - The aortic and pulmonary valves close - The semilunar valves open - The atrioventricular valves open - The ventricles finish pushing out the blood and begin to relax - The mitral and tricuspid valves open

The semilunar valves open

Which of the following statements is true regarding delivery of a drug via intra-articular injection versus the oral route? - The action of the drug is less predictable - The drug is absorbed at more regular intervals over time - The drug moves into the bloodstream more quickly - The drug is metabolized more readily - There is a lower incidence of systemic side effects

There is a lower incidence of systemic side effects

What is the advantage of conducting unannounced emergency action plan (EAP) drills? - They give a good indication how the EAP team will respond during an actual emergency - They are required to meet catastrophic insurance coverage requirements - They are important to educate all EAP team members on their individual roles and responsibilities - They serve as an acceptable defense to avoid potential litigation

They give a good indication how the EAP team will respond during an actual emergency

Which of the following treatment parameters would best meet the goal of increasing muscular endurance? - Three sets of 15 to 25 repetitions at a low percentage of the patient's 10 RM - Two sets of 8 to 10 repetitions at a high percentage of the patient's 10 RM - One set of 10 to 12 repetitions at 50% of the patient's 10 RM - Three sets of six to nine repetitions at 75% of the patient's 10 RM

Three sets of 15 to 25 repetitions at a low percentage of the patient's 10 RM

An offensive lineman exhibits lumbar hyperlordosis. Which of the following is the typical anatomic profile for an athlete with excessive hyperlordosis? - Weakened back extensor muscles with tightened or shortened hip extensors and abdominals - Tightened or shortened hip flexor muscles or back extensors with weakened or elongated hip extensors or abdominals - Tightened or shortened hip extensor muscles with weakened hip flexor muscles - Weakened hip flexors with weakened back extensors and shortened hip extensors - Tightened or shortened abdominals with tightened or shortened hip extensors and weak back extensors

Tightened or shortened hip flexor muscles or back extensors with weakened or elongated hip extensors or abdominals

Preparticipation skin checks for wrestlers determine participation eligibility. With which of the following dermatological conditions may a wrestler compete, provided that the active lesions are adequately covered? - Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) - Herpes simplex virus - Impetigo - Furuncles - Tinea corporis

Tinea corporis

While assisting athletes in the emergency care tent at a local marathon, you observe a physician begin an IV treatment on a recently collapsed runner. Which of the following is most likely the purpose of this treatment? - To minimize the risk of hyponatremia - To achieve rapid hydration - To minimize the risk of exertional sickling - To decrease core body temperature - To restore blood glucose levels

To achieve rapid hydration

What is the purpose of a job description? - To list specific tasks that must be performed daily by the employee - To protect the institution from a potential lawsuit - To define the expected, allowed, and disallowed duties of employees - To detail benefits provided for the employee - To justify a budget allocation of a division or institution

To define the expected, allowed, and disallowed duties of employees

What is the purpose of including a wellness screening as part of the preparticipation examination? - To disqualify the athlete from participation - To determine if the athlete is engaging in healthy or unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle habits that pose a threat to wellness - To screen for health maintenance, personal hygiene, and potential for infectious diseases - To assess physical maturity in order to protect young, physically undeveloped athletes

To determine if the athlete is engaging in healthy or unhealthy behaviors and lifestyle habits that pose a threat to wellness

Why might a clinician choose to employ a static progressive splint? - To substitute for loss of motor function - To correct an existing deformity - To maintain gains in range of motion achieved from other techniques - To aid in fracture alignment and wound healing - To decrease soft tissue adherence

To maintain gains in range of motion achieved from other techniques

You have a regularly scheduled preseason meeting with your team physician. What should be the primary purpose of this meeting? - To catch up on personal and professional issues occurring over the summer months - To indicate the physician's roles and responsibilities as a member of the sports medicine team - To revisit your current plan for providing healthcare to athletes and refine as necessary - To formulate a letter to be distributed to coaches to remind them of your roles - To discuss specific health concerns of the athletes from the previous school year

To revisit your current plan for providing healthcare to athletes and refine as necessary

Where is cyanosis best observed in a dark-skinned person? - Eyes - Lips and abdomen - Tongue and nailbeds - Earlobes - Pupils

Tongue and nailbeds

Physical training programs are usually divided into different cycles. Which of the following statements best describes a macrocycle? - Training periods lasting 1 to 4 weeks - Training periods lasting several weeks to months - Training periods lasting a year or more depending on the athlete - Training periods lasting 1 to 3 days

Training periods lasting a year or more depending on the athlete

Your sister calls you and tells you that her daughter was kicked in the lower leg during soccer practice and is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. You are concerned that your niece may have sustained trauma to the epiphyseal plate of the tibia. Which type of Salter-Harris fracture is illustrated in the diagram? (Image on Rozzi pg.160) - Type I - Type II - Type III - Type IV - Type V

Type II

How might an athletic trainer apply information gained through review of an epidemiological study to inform clinical practice? - Understanding injury trends can inform decisions regarding injury prevention strategies - Understanding patient-oriented outcomes can improve third-party reimbursement models - Understanding patient expectations and experiences can foster positive changes in services provided - Understanding health-care informatics can drive decisions related to more efficient and effective delivery of services

Understanding injury trends can inform decisions regarding injury prevention strategies

You are assessing an injured athlete's level of consciousness. The athlete responds to your voice but is not fully oriented to person, time, or place. How would this be categorized when employing the AVPU scale? - A - V - P - U

V

Which of the following infectious conditions is preventable through vaccination? - Mononucleosis - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Varicella - Zika virus (ZIKV)

Varicella

When rehabilitating an athlete with an excessive Q-angle who has a laterally subluxating patella, the strength and neuromuscular control of which muscle should be emphasized? - Tensor fascia latae - Rectus femoris - Semimembranosus - Vastus medialis oblique

Vastus medialis oblique

An athletic trainer is using healing imagery to assist a patient who is progressing more slowly than anticipated through the repair phase of the healing process. For this imagery technique, which of the following images should the athletic trainer teach the athlete to envision? - Visualize the injured ankle successfully responding in a game situation - Visualize the mast cells releasing histamine to begin to wall off the injured area - Visualize a happy place to relax and not think about the injury - Visualize repair cells laying down scar tissue to make the injured area stronger and more stable - Visualize performing rehabilitation exercises without pain and with full strength

Visualize repair cells laying down scar tissue to make the injured area stronger and more stable

On a cold spring afternoon, you assess the weather conditions. Based on air temperature and wind speed you determine the lacrosse players practicing on the turf field are at risk for hypothermia. What clothing guidelines should you recommend the players follow to minimize their risk of hypothermia? - Wear snug, tight-fitting clothing next to the skin - Wear clothing next to skin that does not hold moisture - Wear nonbreathable clothing as outermost layer - Wear tight-fitting, moisture-absorbing socks and gloves

Wear clothing next to skin that does not hold moisture

Osteoporosis is a condition that predominantly affects older women. Which of the following prevention strategies would provide the most significant impact? - Moderate swimming and increased vitamin C intake - Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake - Maintaining 10% body fat and using a minimal-resistance stationary bike - Increased electrolytes and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication - Avoidance of physical activity and dairy products

Weight-bearing activities and increased calcium intake

You are provided medical coverage for a Little League baseball tournament when a mother escorts her 10-year-old son to the medical tent. She states that he cannot seem to get his asthma under control. If the child's asthma is not under control, what should you expect to hear when you auscultate his lungs? - Crackles - Rales - Wheezing - Stridor - Pleural rubs - Diminished lung sounds

Wheezing

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Best Practice Guidelines for Athletic Training Documentation, athletic trainers should document any patient encounter. What defines a patient encounter? - When an athlete is practicing and an athletic trainer is observing - When an athlete e-mails an athletic trainer to say he has a cough and asks what over-the-counter medication he should purchase at the local drug store - When an athlete stops by the athletic trainer's office to say he will not be at the team's strength training session today because he has to take a make-up test - When an athletic trainer delivers a 45-minute talk to members of a basketball team on steps they can take to minimize their risk of acquiring a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

When an athlete e-mails an athletic trainer to say he has a cough and asks what over-the-counter medication he should purchase at the local drug store

When is it safe to begin a balance progression for a patient who is recovering from a tibial fracture? - At the 8-week postinjury mark - When the athlete is cleared for full weight-bearing - When the athlete has full range of motion at the ankle joint - When the athlete can complete heel raises using body weight as resistance

When the athlete is cleared for full weight-bearing

When would a patient's seizures be considered a paroxysmal disorder? - When the symptoms are severe, affecting multiple body systems - When the symptoms come and go, and are episodic in nature - When the symptoms negatively impact the patient's quality of life - When the symptoms can be attributed to another preexisting condition

When the symptoms come and go, and are episodic in nature

An athletic trainer working in the industrial setting directs a program in which an employee returning to work following an injury participates in a treatment program for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week. The program focuses on simulating job requirements, educating about techniques necessary to work safely, and evaluating and modifying the employee's work space before return in an effort to minimize reinjury. Which of the following best characterizes this type of program? - Work conditioning - Functional rehabilitation - Work hardening - Ergonomic assessment

Work hardening

A patient you have been working with on a long-term postsurgical rehabilitation protocol asks why you measure his range of motion, strength, and pain scale at almost every visit. How might you respond to the patient? - You are interested in the patient's perception of how the rehabilitation process is progressing - You like to see if the treatment you are providing is meeting its desired results - You have to document all the work you are doing so you can get paid - You want to make sure that someone else can replicate your treatment if you have been absent

You like to see if the treatment you are providing is meeting its desired results

You are treating a patient with an ice bag. How would you describe the expected sensations to the patient? - "It's going to feel very cold and painful for the entire 20-minute treatment" - "Many people note that they lose muscle function during the treatment and for 20 to 30 minutes after treatment due to a palsy of the motor nerves" - "It will feel cold initially, but as the treatment progresses you will feel a surge of warmth as vasodilation occurs" - "It will initially feel cold followed by burning, aching, and eventually numbness after about 5 minutes and nerve conduction velocity gradually slows"

"It will initially feel cold followed by burning, aching, and eventually numbness after about 5 minutes and nerve conduction velocity gradually slows"

A high school lacrosse goalie drops to the ground and grabs his knee immediately after reaching for a ball that bounced off the goal bar. To assess the static stability of the athlete's knee joint, you perform the special test shown in the photo. This test assesses the integrity of which knee joint structures? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg. 189) A: Posterior cruciate ligament B: Medial collateral ligament C: Medial meniscus D: Medial capsular structures E: Lateral collateral ligament F: Lateral meniscus G: Lateral capsular structures H: Anterior cruciate ligament

A, B, D, H

Your sports medicine clinic provides sports medicine care for Saturday morning youth football games. Just before halftime, a coach calls you to the sideline where a player is having difficulty catching his breath. The coach tells you the athlete has asthma and his parents went to the carto find his asthma medication. You decide to assist this athlete with breathing management techniques while you wait for his parents to bring his medication. What actions should you take in assisting this athlete? Select all that apply. A: Encourage the athlete to relax B: Reassure the athlete C: Place an ice bag on the athlete's chest to reduce inflammation D: Give the athlete a drink of water E: Have the athlete breathe into a paper bag F: Instruct the athlete in controlled breathing G: Place the athlete in a semirecumbent position H: Teach the athlete relaxation exercises I: Remove any environmental triggers known to exacerbate the attacks

A, B, F, H, I

Which of the following exercising persons is at risk for developing exercise-associated hyponatremia? Select all that apply. A: Female field hockey player with a history of heat illness who focuses on consuming large volumes of water throughout preseason practice sessions to prevent heat illness B: Football player who acclimatizes to the heat over the course of 14 days of training in the heat C: Soccer player who consumes more water than lost, resulting in weight gain when comparing prepractice with postpractice weight measurements during preseason practices D: Cross country runner with a family history of hypertension who refrains from consuming salt-containing foods, such as soups, processed meats and cheese, potato chips, trail mix, and pretzels E: Female first-time marathoner who aims to avoid dehydration by drinking as much water as possible throughout the race F: Female tennis player with asthma who drinks adequately but less water than her teammates due to her sensitive gastrointestinal tract

A, C, D, E

For an athlete to safely resume full sports participation and normal preinjury activities, in what order should the specific parameters of therapeutic rehabilitation programs be completed? - Range of motion and muscular strength; flexibility and functional progression; coordination and agility - Isometric exercises and flexibility; proprioception and coordination; functional progression and agility - Active assistive exercises and proprioception; coordination and muscular strength; muscular endurance and functional activities - Muscular strength and endurance; proprioception and range of motion; isokinetic exercises and cardiovascular conditioning - Flexibility and range of motion; muscular strength and endurance; proprioception, coordination, and agility

Active assistive exercises and proprioception; coordination and muscular strength; muscular endurance and functional activities

What is the benefit of using either the Nagi model or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, both of which have emphasis on disablement to guide treatment and documentation? - Allow treatment to focus on functional limitations and outcomes rather than simply signs and symptoms - Provide documentation necessary to meet Medicare requirements - Meet guidelines outlined by workers' compensation law - Take into consideration environmental and psychological factors that impact treatment outcomes

Allow treatment to focus on functional limitations and outcomes rather than simply signs and symptoms

During practice a male soccer player is struck in the scrotum by another player's foot and is laying on the field unable to get up on his own. After determining the athlete's problem, you ask the athlete to lie supine and flex his hips and knees to 90 degrees and then perform a Valsalva maneuver. What is the purpose of this management technique? - To distract the athlete from the pain by completing a psychomotor skill - To increase blood flow to the area - To reduce associated muscle spasm - To reduce possible spermatic cord torsion

To reduce associated muscle spasm

What is indicated when a first responder carries an AEMT classification? - Trained to provide only basic emergency care - Trained to provide care to patients at scene of accident and transport patients by ambulance to the hospital under medical direction - Trained to provide care to patients that includes the administration of intravenous fluids, use of manual defibrillators, and application of advanced airway techniques - Trained to provide the most advanced prehospital care by administering drugs orally and intravenously, interpreting electrocardiograms, performing endotracheal intubations, and using monitors and other complex equipment

Trained to provide care to patients that includes the administration of intravenous fluids, use of manual defibrillators, and application of advanced airway techniques

During the second session of preseason football practice the coach instructs the players to take a break to replace lost fluids and dissipate accumulated body heat. The players gather on the sunny sidewalk next to the school to drink fluids. How can the athletic trainer change this fluid break to increase the athletes' ability to dissipate accumulated body heat? Select all that apply. A: Move the athletes to an area with more air movement B: Move athletes away from cement walkways and brick walls C: Instruct athletes to rest by sitting on the sidewalk D: Instruct athletes to remove any helmets they are wearing E: Instruct athletes to remove shoes and socks F: Move athletes to shaded area

A, B, D, F

For athletic trainers who use narrative charting for medical documentation, dictation can reduce the amount of time spent documenting injuries and writing daily treatment notes. Which of the following are strategies that can help improve the effectiveness of medical dictation? Select all that apply. A: Avoid dictating in a noisy room B: Speak in a normal conversational cadence, and avoid speaking slowly C: Spell names and medical terms that are infrequently used D: Organize data and patient information before dictating E: Avoid stopping and starting your dictation; continue talking and provide instruction on deletions at the end of the dictation F:If using voice recognition software, be sure to use one that is designed for medical dictation

A, C, D, F

A beach volleyball player comes to the sideline at practice with symptoms of wheezing, difficulty breathing, dizziness, feeling of throat tightening, and extreme anxiety. The athletes tells you that she thinks she was just stung by a bee. You are able to quickly identify a red mark on her lower leg that appears to be a sting. The athlete has an EpiPen in her bag but does not feel comfortable using it. What are your next steps? - Demonstrate to the athlete how to use the EpiPen and help her self-administer the injection and monitor vital signs to determine the need for referral - Ask a coach to call 911 and monitor the athlete's vital signs while you await for help to arrive - Provide a single dose of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to minimize the reaction, monitor vital signs, and call her parents to ask if she should be transported - Administer the epinephrine injection, holding the injector in place for 10 seconds, and stay with the athlete while a coach calls 911

Administer the epinephrine injection, holding the injector in place for 10 seconds, and stay with the athlete while a coach calls 911

For which of the following athletes would massage be contraindicated? - An athlete with chronic biceps tendonitis who presents with limited range of motion - An athlete who is 2 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who presents with normally healing scar tissue - An athlete who is 4 days status post second-degree ankle sprain who presents with tight, red, shiny skin - An athlete who is 2 days status post forearm cast removal who presents with muscle atrophy - An athlete with chronic bilateral paraspinal muscle spasm secondary to a partially herniated vertebral disk

An athlete who is 4 days status post second-degree ankle sprain who presents with tight, red, shiny skin

Early one Saturday morning you receive a phone call from another certified athletic trainer on your university's sports medicine staff asking you to serve as the athletic trainer for the men's lacrosse match scheduled for 2 p.m. He tells you he has a family emergency and must immediately leave town. You have no experience providing athletic training services for a men's lacrosse match. On what should you base your decision regarding the emergency equipment available on the sidelines during the match? - Age range of the participants - Type of protective equipment worn by players - Presence of a physician on the sidelines - Anticipated possible emergency scenarios

Anticipated possible emergency scenarios

A female lacrosse player is exhibiting signs of disordered eating. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on preventing, detecting, and managing disordered eating in athletes, the certified athletic trainer plays an important role in managing an athlete who is being treated for an eating disorder. Which intervention is within the recommended role of the certified athletic trainer? - Determine limitations of physical workouts based on team practice schedules - Make the initial diagnosis and design a treatment plan - Be willing to work individually with athletes with disordered eating who do not want to seek treatment from physicians or psychotherapists - Assume the role of informed patient advocate

Assume the role of informed patient advocate

An athletic trainer is exposed to a patient's blood before applying gloves. After providing medical assistance to the patient, what should be this athletic trainer's first step in minimizing her occupational exposure to a bloodborne pathogen? - Cleanse the exposed body area with soap and or other antigermicidal agents - Inform a supervisor about the exposure incident - Seek medical care within 2 hours as designated in the exposure control plan - Request medical information or testing from the treated patient - Complete an exposure report

Cleanse the exposed body area with soap and or other antigermicidal agents

A cross country runner reports seeing blood in his urine each day for the past 4 days following workouts. The runner reports no other signs or symptoms. How should this condition best be managed? - Immediately refer to physician for evaluation, urinalysis, and diagnostic ultrasound - Conduct a dipstick urinalysis to confirm hematuria, instruct athlete to rest for 24 to 72 hours, repeat urinalysis to confirm resolution, and allow athlete to return to training when hematuria resolves - Conduct a dipstick urinalysis to confirm hematuria, instruct athlete to hyperhydrate before the next workout, and repeat urinalysis following next workout - Refer to the physician for a diuretic prescription, and recommend athlete increase fluid intake along with soluble vitamin intake

Conduct a dipstick urinalysis to confirm hematuria, instruct athlete to rest for 24 to 72 hours, repeat urinalysis to confirm resolution, and allow athlete to return to training when hematuria resolves

A gymnast learning a new balance beam skill takes a fall, traumatizing her abdomen and thorax. After completing an initial on-site assessment, you bring the athlete to the athletic training clinic to conduct a comprehensive examination. Percussion testing is used to determine if an organ sound is normal. Normally, organs produce either a dull sound or a resonant sound when percussed. Identify which organs produce a dull sound and which organs produce a resonant sound by completing the table. A: Spleen B: Liver C: Stomach D: Pancreas E: Bladder

Dull Sounding Organs: B, D Resonant Sounding Organs: A, C, E

One component of an emergency action plan (EAP) is the formation of an emergency team. There are four basic roles within this emergency team. What is the first and most important role? - Activating emergency medical services (EMS) and providing information to 911 dispatcher - Retrieving emergency equipment - Directing EMS personnel to the scene - Establishing safety at the scene and providing immediate patient care

Establishing safety at the scene and providing immediate patient care

Some certified athletic trainers function more as leaders, whereas some function more as managers. Which of the following characterizes a head athletic trainer functioning as a leader? - E-mails staff members asking for their individual clothing and equipment needs for the upcoming season - Creates a strategic plan for the sports medicine division and distributes it to all staff members with a request for feedback - Hosts a staff retreat the week after the end of spring sports to develop and create the direction and priorities for the upcoming year - Modifies roles and responsibilities of each staff member to meet the needs of the growing sports programs

Hosts a staff retreat the week after the end of spring sports to develop and create the direction and priorities for the upcoming year

While your patient performs active external rotation of the glenohumeral joint, he stops his movement before he reaches the end of this motion due to pain. You then ask him to relax while you apply overpressure in the direction of passive glenohumeral joint external rotation. The integrity of which of the following structures was being assessed during the patient's active motion, but not during the passive motion? - Anterior glenohumeral ligament - Subscapularis - Infraspinatus - Posterior glenohumeral ligament

Infraspinatus

A young club lacrosse player sustains a severe blow to the right flank area during a game. He is unable to continue playing, so you conduct an evaluation and treat this athlete. Before releasing this athlete to his parents' care for the evening, what instructions should you provide? - Instruct the parents to encourage the athlete to drink copious amounts of water and other fluids over the next 8 hours - Instruct the parents to wake the athlete every hour during the night and encourage him to urinate as much as possible - Instruct the parents to check for hematuria during the athlete's next two to three voiding episodes - Instruct the parents to check for occult blood in the stool for each bowel movement over the next 3 days - Instruct the parents to take the athlete immediately to the emergency department at the nearby hospital

Instruct the parents to check for hematuria during the athlete's next two to three voiding episodes

Trauma centers are designated levels by states and municipalities and are verified by the American College of Surgeons (ACS). Additionally, a facility may have different designations for adults and pediatrics. Which trauma center level designation is defined as a "comprehensive regional resource that is a tertiary care facility central to the trauma system" and is the highest level? - Level V - Level IV - Level III - Level II - Level I

Level I

When developing a venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP), which of the following should be consistent with the type of available emergency equipment? - Institution's medical equipment budget - Level of training of the emergency care personnel - Athlete exposure rate and injury rate for sports at venue - Number of emergency care personnel

Level of training of the emergency care personnel

A patient reports to the athletic training room for reevaluation of an acute knee injury sustained in a game the previous evening. Goniometric evaluation reveals an increase in flexion range of motion of 15 degrees and improvement on a lower extremity functional scale. Whereas the clinician may think this is a significant improvement, what measure is most important to the patient? - Minimum detectable change (MDC) - Global rating of change (GRC) - Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) - Predictor variable (PV)

Minimum clinically important difference (MCID)

Which of the following is recommended for pediatric athletes to minimize overuse injuries? - Pediatric athletes should have 3 to 4 days off per week - Pediatric athletes should participate on a maximum of two teams of the same sport per season - Pediatric athletes should begin a general fitness, conditioning, strengthening, and flexibility program 2 months before the start of the competitive sport season - Pediatric athletes should progress the duration, load, and intensity of workouts by no more than 20% per week

Pediatric athletes should begin a general fitness, conditioning, strengthening, and flexibility program 2 months before the start of the competitive sport season

A collegiate student athlete returns from the student health center with a prescription for cephalexin (Keflex) to treat an infection. You immediately realize that the athlete will most likely have an allergic reaction to this drug. A history of allergy to which of the following antibiotic classes would make this athlete sensitive to this drug? - Fluoroquinolone - Tetracycline - Macrolide - Sulfonamide - Penicillin

Penicillin

What type of testing must a new baseball batter's helmet undergo to meet the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standard? - Stability and retention test - Drop method test - Projectile impact test - Force dispersion test

Projectile impact test

A wrestler at the junior college where you provide athletic training services reports to your athletic training facility the Monday morning following Thanksgiving break. He states that when he left campus Tuesday afternoon to head home for break he was not feeling well and thought he was run down and getting sick. When he arrived home he noticed a lesion on his shoulder that he recognized as herpes simplex, which he had seen on other wrestlers but had not experienced in his wrestling career. When you observe the lesions you note they are fully formed, ruptured, and crusted over. In compliance with the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on skin diseases, how should this patient's skin condition be managed? - Immediately refer to a physician to obtain a prescription for oral antiviral medication, such as acyclovir or valacyclovir, to treat the outbreak - Apply a topical antiviral medication cream to the entire area and cover with a gas-permeable membrane dressing - Apply a topical antifungal agent, such as terbinafine, naftifine, or ciclopirox - Provide education on prevention of skin conditions and continue to monitor this athlete for herpes simplex symptoms and to identify any new active outbreaks

Provide education on prevention of skin conditions and continue to monitor this athlete for herpes simplex symptoms and to identify any new active outbreaks

An athlete with medial tibial stress syndrome reports pain along the medial tibial traversing behind the medial malleolus and medial longitudinal arch. To assess the muscle most likely associated with this pain, which motions should you assess? - Resisted plantar flexion and inversion - Passive plantar flexion and inversion - Resisted dorsiflexion and inversion - Active dorsiflexion and inversion - Resisted plantar flexion and eversion

Resisted plantar flexion and inversion

Why might an athlete with a large hypertrophic scar across the anterior aspect of his knee joint secondary to a previous knee surgery have limited flexion range of motion? - Excess calcium may be deposited in the joint and the area around the scar - The scar may act as a wedge in the joint limiting motion - The athlete may have changes to the neurologic structures resulting in inflammation and pain with movement - Scar tissue is more inelastic than skin and may prevent full range of motion

Scar tissue is more inelastic than skin and may prevent full range of motion

Which observation would lead you to believe an athlete has functional as opposed to structural scoliosis? - Scoliosis is observed during erect posture and during forward trunk flexion - Scoliosis is observed during forward trunk flexion and disappears during erect posture - Scoliosis is observed during erect posture and disappears during forward trunk flexion - Scoliosis is observed during erect posture and disappears during trunk extension - Scoliosis is observed during trunk extension and disappears during erect posture

Scoliosis is observed during erect posture and disappears during forward trunk flexion

The sports medicine program where you work conducts an annual inventory of expendable supplies by physically counting all supplies existing in storage closets, cabinets, and travel kits. What commonly available computer software program should your program adopt and network to best maintain real-time inventory data? - Spreadsheet program - Table within a word processing program - Slide presentation program - Mail-merge program

Spreadsheet program

"The parent of a 17-year-old student athlete who graduated from your high school last year calls your athletic training room requesting that her daughter's immunization records be forwarded to the athletic training staff of the college where her daughter is now a freshman. How will you respond to the parent? - Ask for the e-mail address to the athletic trainer so you can scan and send the information - Ask the mother to come by the school office and sign a release to share the records - Tell the mother that the records have already been shredded and are not available - Tell me the mother that the student must request the records because she now attends a school beyond the high school level

Tell me the mother that the student must request the records because she now attends a school beyond the high school level

A wrestler sustains an auricular hematoma for the third time in the season. The athlete asks if there is anything he can do to minimize developing cauliflower ear? How would you respond? - The athlete can wear ear plugs under his head gear to minimize long-term impacts - Once the injury has occurred, there is not much that can be done to minimize the impact - The athlete can be seen by the team physician, and antibiotics can be prescribed to minimize the chance of infection - The athlete can be seen by the team physician for aspiration of the hematoma and application of a gauze and flexible collodion cast

The athlete can be seen by the team physician for aspiration of the hematoma and application of a gauze and flexible collodion cast

When directing the treatment and rehabilitation program of a 13-year-old patient with a radial fracture, what fact should be considered to promote safety compared with a similar program for an adult patient? - The 13-year-old patient may be more focused on performing rehabilitation exercises correctly - The 13-year-old patient will have a lower pain tolerance - The bones of the 13-year-old patient may not be able to tolerate the same level of stresses as the bones of an adult - The muscles of the 13-year-old patient may not be able to respond to muscular endurance exercises

The bones of the 13-year-old patient may not be able to tolerate the same level of stresses as the bones of an adult

A swimmer with a history of posterior shoulder pain was examined by her team physician yesterday and diagnosed with posterosuperior internal glenohumeral joint impingement. The athletic training student shadowing you today tells you he has never heard of posterosuperior internal glenohumeral joint impingement. What is the best explanation of this condition? - The tendons of the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and long head of the biceps along with the subacromial bursa and glenohumeral (GH) joint capusle are compressed in the space between the humeral head and the acromion process - The tendons of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles are being compressed against the glenoid during shoulder abduction and external rotation - An irregularly shaped acromion, or other structural imperfection, decreases the subacromial space creating irritation and inflammation of soft tissue located within the subacromial space - Poor strength or fatigue of rotator cuff muscles allows the humeral head to translate superiorly during overhead motions, causing impingement of subacromial space structures

The tendons of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles are being compressed against the glenoid during shoulder abduction and external rotation

The length of an emergency medical services (EMS) response time may factor into an emergency action plan (EAP) in regard to necessary emergency equipment and whether on-site ambulance coverage is warranted. When determining an EMS response time, both horizontal and vertical response times should be considered. What is vertical response time? - The time from when the EMS call goes out until a driven dispatched unit arrives on the scene - The time from when the EMS call goes out until a medical helicopter arrives on the scene - The time from when the dispatched unit arrives on the scene until patient treatment begins - The time from when the dispatched unit arrives on the scene until the patient is completely loaded into the emergency transportation vehicle

The time from when the dispatched unit arrives on the scene until patient treatment begins

The father of a freshman cross country runner for the high school where you provide athletic training health-care contacts you because he is concerned about his son. A family member has told the father that distance running can result in development of something called "athlete's heart," and he is worried about his son developing this heart condition. How should you explain the term "athlete's heart" to this concerned parent? - This term refers to the normal, reversible, and healthy adaptation of the heart muscle to ongoing exercise training - This term refers to the normal, permanent enlargement of the heart, which occurs as a result of training and only in adolescent athletes who are still growing - This term is not a true medical term, but rather a mythical term used to described the internal drive, focus, and dedication adolescents develop from participation in ongoing exercise training - This term refers to abnormal pathological changes in the cardiac muscle that result from intense, ongoing exercise training of adolescents with a family history of sudden cardiac death

This term refers to the normal, reversible, and healthy adaptation of the heart muscle to ongoing exercise training

Which of the following best describes what should be included in the plan of care portion of the initial assessment record? - Total number of treatments required and goals by which progress will be measured - Number of visits per week and treatment parameters for each therapeutic modality - Exercises likely to be performed during rehabilitation and methods for encouraging compliance - Date of expected follow-up visit to physician and modalities to be incorporated into the treatment plan - Anticipated time required for each visit and ICD-10 code for patient's exact diagnosis

Total number of treatments required and goals by which progress will be measured

Which government agency has developed national guidelines for the safety and efficacy of low-level lasers? - Occupational Health and Safety Administration - Department of Health and Environmental Control - American Medical Association Committee on Medical Safeguards - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - U.S. Food and Drug Administration

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

A midfield attackman on your school's men's lacrosse team sustains a stick blow to the abdomen while attempting to make a goal. He approaches you on the sideline, grimacing in pain. To correctly palpate this athlete's abdomen you must understand the underlying anatomy. Using the photo, place each organ name within its appropriate quadrant according to the abdominal quadrant reference system. (Image on Rozzi pg. 182) A: Spleen B: Liver C: Stomach D: Appendix E: Left kidney F: Right kidney G: Pancreas H: Heart

Upper Right Quadrant: Liver, Pancreas, Right kidney Upper Left Quadrant: Heart, Spleen, Stomach, Left kidney Lower Left Quadrant: No listed organs Lower Right Quadrant: Appendix

For the past 3 weeks your patient has been participating in a treatment and rehabilitation program for his shoulder, so at today's session you're using a goniometer to reassess his shoulder range of motion. Which of the following describes correct assessment of glenohumeral joint motion using a standard goniometer? - When assessing glenohumeral joint flexion, the stationary arm of the goniometer is aligned with the long axis of the humerus - When assessing glenohumeral joint abduction, the moving arm of the goniometer is aligned parallel to the sternum - When assessing glenohumeral joint external rotation, the fulcrum of the goniometer is placed at the olecranon process - When assessing glenohumeral joint extension, the fulcrum of the goniometer is aligned with the superior acromion process

When assessing glenohumeral joint external rotation, the fulcrum of the goniometer is placed at the olecranon process

During your preparticipation screening, you determine that 75% of the athletes on the baseball team have sit and reach scores below normal limits. How would you best use this information? - Instruct the athletes to work on improving their flexibility - Work with the coaches to incorporate flexibility exercises into the team warm-up and cool-down - Meet with the strength and conditioning coach to revise the weight training program - Ask the team nutritionist to conduct a special seminar on hydration and electrolytes

Work with the coaches to incorporate flexibility exercises into the team warm-up and cool-down

You are providing directions for use of ice and compression for an acute ankle injury to an athlete and his parents until you can follow-up with the athlete the next day. Which of the following guidelines would best meet your treatment goals of decreasing tissue temperature and providing compression to minimize edema accumulation? - Place an ice bag on the ankle, wrap it on with the elastic wrap provided, and elevate above the heart - Place a dry washcloth on the ankle, place an ice bag on top of the cloth, and wrap it on with the elastic wrap - Wrap the ankle with the elastic wrap, put the ice bag on top of the wrap, and elevate above the heart - Wrap the ankle with a wet elastic wrap, put the ice bag on the top of the wrap, and elevate above the heart

Wrap the ankle with a wet elastic wrap, put the ice bag on the top of the wrap, and elevate above the heart

An athlete has been diagnosed with stenosing tenosynovitis of the first dorsal carpal tunnel. What is another name for this condition? - Guyon's disease - Gamekeeper's thumb - de Quervain's disease - Swan-neck deformity - Johnson's disease

de Quervain's disease

You are developing a hand rehabilitation program for a professional billiards player. Which of the following therapeutic exercises would most effectively strengthen the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles? - Abduction/flexion of the digits using a resistance web - Abduction/adduction of the digits using resistance provided by rubber bands - Wrist flexion exercises holding a dumbbell weight - Wrist extension exercises using resistance provided by an exercise band - Extension of the digits using resistance provided by surgical tubing

Abduction/adduction of the digits using resistance provided by rubber bands

An athlete has recently undergone a splenectomy. Which of the following functions are most impacted by this surgical procedure? - Ability to filter poisons out of the blood and produce mediators for blood clotting - Ability to filter toxins from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte level - Ability to filter blood and remove ineffective or damaged red blood cells - Ability to produce estrogen and progesterone - Capacity to store vitamins A, E, and K and produce vitamin D

Ability to filter blood and remove ineffective or damaged red blood cells

When creating your emergency action plan (EAP), what information should be included for each specific venue? - Emergency vehicle transportation, emergency equipment, location of lightning safe shelters - Accessibility to emergency personnel, communication systems, emergency equipment - Name and location of nearest emergency care facility, number of stair between floors, availability of emergency transportation - Location of lightning safe shelters, policy for activating emergency transportation, communication systems

Accessibility to emergency personnel, communication systems, emergency equipment

A football player walks off the field toward you, and you observe his right arm being held against his torso and his head looking away from the injured shoulder. What pathology is most associated with this observation? - Acromioclavicular joint sprain - Anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation - Posterior glenohumeral joint dislocation - Brachial plexus injury

Acromioclavicular joint sprain

In which of the following sports activities could an athlete with poorly controlled epilepsy safely participate? - Ballet - Swimming - Archery - Volleyball

Ballet

Two months ago you were hired to replace the athletic trainer at a junior college who had been the sole athletic trainer for almost 30 years. After only a month you realized many aspects of the sports medicine program need to be updated, including the program's policy and procedure manual. No information regarding preparticipation physical examinations (PPEs) was included in the manual, so you are meeting with your team physician to discuss the format for the upcoming PPEs. What is an advantage of requiring athletes to complete an office-based PPE with a physician compared with a station-based examination? - Better opportunity to discuss sensitive issues - More efficient - More cost-effective - Better communication between coaches, athlete, athletic trainer, and medical team

Better opportunity to discuss sensitive issues

Your pitching coach requests assistance in evaluating the throwing patterns of each of the members of the pitching staff because many of the pitchers have been complaining of arm pain. What provider might best assist you in this evaluation? - Exercise physiologist - Biomechanist - Strength and conditioning specialist - Physical therapist

Biomechanist

Trauma to the spinal cord above which level of the cervical spine has a high probability of death? - C4 - C5 - C6 - C7

C4

Universal precautions aid medical and allied health-care professionals in minimizing exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Which of the following demonstrates appropriate application of universal precautions in the athletic training setting? - Blood-covered scissors should be disposed of in a sharps container, not sterilized - Contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with a solution consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with a disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protective Agency - Uniforms containing blood should be removed and changed before returning the athlete to competition - Blood-soaked towels and other linens should be washed in cold water to prevent the blood from setting into the material

Contaminated surfaces should be cleaned with a solution consisting of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water or with a disinfectant approved by the Environmental Protective Agency

An older patient who regularly participates in a recreational bowling league is being treated for adhesive capsulitis. Reevaluation of the patient indicates motion gains have started to occur. Based on this evaluation, how might you adjust this patient's rehabilitation program? - Discharge the patient, as it is unlikely that the patient will regain full motion - Continue stretching and self-mobilization exercises as well as strengthening exercises to maximize functional ability within the available range - Begin aggressive joint mobilizations and high-intensity strengthening exercises to break through additional adhesions - Refer the patient to the physician for a cortisone injection

Continue stretching and self-mobilization exercises as well as strengthening exercises to maximize functional ability within the available range

What are the two primary complications that occur following a hand injury that can be addressed through manual therapy techniques? - Pain and loss of function - Edema and stiffness - Paresthesia and strength deficits - Range-of-motion restrictions and dexterity

Edema and stiffness

Which of the following is an impairment measure using the current unit of measurement? - Muscle strength assessed with an isokinetic dynamometer recorded as 3/5 - Edema assessed with a volumetric tank recorded in mL - Range of motion assessed with a goniometer recorded in cm - Joint mobility assessed with capsular end-feel recorded as a 2

Edema assessed with a volumetric tank recorded in mL

As trained medical personnel are often not present at youth sporting events, which education is considered to be critical for youth athletes with potentially life-threatening conditions such as asthma or severe allergies? - Education on self-administration of medications - Education on past medical history - Education on current emergency action plan (EAP) - Education on how to contact emergency personnel

Education on self-administration of medications

A 28-year-old pregnant woman is being treated for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. How might her exercise program need to be modified now that she has reached her second trimester? - Exercises in a supine position should be modified to a semirecumbent or standing position - Exercises in a standing position should be modified to seated or supine - Core stabilization exercises should be removed - Exercise sessions should be moved earlier in the day to minimize fatigue

Exercises in a supine position should be modified to a semirecumbent or standing position

An athlete with an acute lateral ankle sprain reports to the athletic training facility with severe joint effusion and not wearing the compression wrap or open basket weave you applied the night before. When the athlete went home last night, he soaked the injured ankle in a warm Epsom salt bath. How would you best address this situation with the athlete? - Explain your role as a certified athletic trainer and detail your educational and clinical experiences - Ask the athlete on what research he based his decision to use thermotherapy - Scold the athlete for ignoring your directions - Explain the inflammatory phase of the healing process to the athlete and why heat should be avoided while in this phase

Explain the inflammatory phase of the healing process to the athlete and why heat should be avoided while in this phase

Which of the following would be an intrinsic risk factor for exertional heatstroke? ' - High ambient temperature and humidity - Minimal access to fluids before and during participation - High muscle mass-to-body fat ratio - Inappropriate work-to-rest ratios

High muscle mass-to-body fat ratio

An athletic trainer is employing the DAPRE system of strength progression for strength training as part of a rehabilitation program. In the third set, the athlete is able to perform only six repetitions. According to the adjustment guidelines, how should the weight lifted in the fourth set be adjusted from the weight used in the third set? - It should be 0 to 5 lb. less than the amount used in the third set - It should be the same as the amount used in the third set - It should be 5 to 10 lb. greater than the amount used in the third set - It should be 10 to 15 lb. greater than the amount used in the third set

It should be the same as the amount used in the third set

What is the position of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding mandatory HIV testing for athletes as a condition of participation? - Mandatory testing would effectively prevent the spread of infection - Mandatory testing is easily done in athletic populations - Mandatory testing should be required only for contact sports - Mandatory testing is not justified - Mandatory testing is a cost-effective way of promoting health and safety

Mandatory testing is not justified

Which of the following statements best describes the way in which a manual muscle test differs from a break test? - Manual muscle tests are used to provide objective measures of the strength of muscle groups, whereas break tests grade an isolated muscle - Manual muscle tests are used to isolate muscles within their functional planes of motion, whereas break tests assess strength of muscle groups within the cardinal planes - Manual muscle tests are performed in the horizontal plane, whereas break tests are performed in the frontal plane - Manual muscle tests provide more accurate information when the patient is unable to perform active range of motion, whereas break tests are used when the patient is pain-free through the full range of motion - Manual muscle tests are used more commonly to assess muscular strength, whereas break tests are used more commonly to make return-to-play decisions

Manual muscle tests are used to isolate muscles within their functional planes of motion, whereas break tests assess strength of muscle groups within the cardinal planes

A soccer coach is seeking support for his decision to require all his players to wear mouth guards during both practice sessions and matches. Based on the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) position statement on preventing and managing sports-related dental and oral injuries, which statement regarding mouth guard use in sports is accurate? - Mouth guards are effective in preventing mild traumatic brain injury - Mouth guards negatively affect ventilation and aerobic performance - Mouth guards have been shown to improve strength and balance - Mouth guards are effective in protecting against orofacial injuries

Mouth guards are effective in protecting against orofacial injuries

Which type of shoulder pad is recommended for quarterbacks and wide receivers? - Noncantilevered - Cantilevered - Flatpad - Streamlined

Noncantilevered

As part of a physical examination, you need to assess strength of the lower extremity muscles. Select the photo that best illustrates the correct technique for assessing strength of the hip adductor muscle group. (Images on Rozzi pg.153) - Photo 1 - Photo 2 - Photo 3 - Photo 4

Photo 1

What should be the primary focus of the initial phase of a rehabilitation program? - Restoring passive range of motion - Restoring active range of motion - Protecting injured tissues - Facilitating muscular strength - Restoring proprioceptive function

Protecting injured tissues

Which of the following pieces of equipment are mandated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? - Protective eyewear for female lacrosse players - Rib protection for baseball catchers - Protective cups for wrestlers - Intraoral mouthpiece for male basketball players - Helmet with face mask for softball batters

Protective eyewear for female lacrosse players

You are using a 10-point patient-based outcome measure to determine improvements in your patient's condition following a therapeutic intervention. For this assessment tool you apply a minimally clinically important change (MCID) of 2 points. What information is provided by applying an MCID? - Provides the smallest detectable difference in scores, accounting for measurement error - Provides the smallest relevant postintervention assessment score - Provides the smallest amount of change, in points, that is important of beneficial to the patient - Provides the smallest amount of change, in points that indicates resolution of pathology

Provides the smallest amount of change, in points, that is important of beneficial to the patient

When inspecting the tympanic membrane with an otoscope, which of the following statements best describes a normal tympanic membrane? - Shiny, translucent, and smooth without perforations - Shiny, translucent, and distended - Convex, pink or red in color, and slightly bulging - Dull, bluish or dark in color, with a small collection of fluid - Concave, pearly gray, with a small opening in the center of the concavity

Shiny, translucent, and smooth without perforations

Which of the following correctly describes the concept of professional ethos? - Deliberation about specific cases during clinical practice - Setting ethical expectations early in the work or educational process - The process by which new members of a profession become integrated into the profession - The characteristics of a profession that incorporate its values, beliefs, and norms

The characteristics of a profession that incorporate its values, beliefs, and norms

One function of a spotter for a person lifting free weights is to protect the lifter from injury. Before each exercise, what should the lifter communicate to the spotter to best protect himself from injury? - The number of repetitions the lifter plans to complete - Where the spotter should stand - The weight achieved during the most recent 1-RM (repetition maximum) test - The amount of desired verbal motivation

The number of repetitions the lifter plans to complete

Which bone lies directly proximal to the first metacarpal? - Trapezoid - Pisiform - Trapezium - Navicular - Lunate

Trapezium

A skeletally immature, Tanner stage 2, 12-year-old male lacrosse player has sustained an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. The physician recommends a treatment plan that includes delaying reconstructive surgery, starting a rehabilitation program, and using a functional brace for sports participation. The player's mother inquires why the physician decided not to reconstruct her son's ACL. How will you explain the physician's treatment plan to the athlete's mother? - "According to your son's reported chronological age and physiological age, he is very near skeletal maturity, so it is best to wait until he is skeletally mature when conventional adult ACL reconstruction can be performed" - "According to your son's physiological age, determined using the Tanner stages, he is not emotionally mature enough to handle ACL reconstruction" - "According to your son's reported chronological age, he is a child and therefore not eligible for ACL rehabilitation until he reaches adolescence" - "According to your son's stage of skeletal maturity, he is classified as prepubescent, so one appropriate treatment plan option is to delay ACL reconstruction until his physiological age is classified as more mature"

"According to your son's stage of skeletal maturity, he is classified as prepubescent, so one appropriate treatment plan option is to delay ACL reconstruction until his physiological age is classified as more mature"

Which of the following questions could you ask while talking to a patient that will allow you to demonstrate concern for the patient and establish rapport that may improve the quality of the information you receive? - "How is your pain impacting your daily life and the things you enjoy doing?" - "Can you point to the place where it hurts the most?" - "How many times have you been evaluated for this injury and by whom?" - "Is the condition getting better?"

"How is your pain impacting your daily life and the things you enjoy doing?"

Which of the following joints and associated ligaments are involved in the injury commonly referred to as a shoulder separation? - Sternoclavicular joint; anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament, and interclavicular ligament - Acromioclavicular joint; acromioclavicular ligament, and conoid and trapezoid ligaments - Glenohumeral joint; superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments and coracohumeral ligaments - Acromioclavicular joint; costoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and coracoclavicular ligaments - Glenohumeral joint; coracohumeral and superior and posterior glenohumeral ligaments

Acromioclavicular joint; acromioclavicular ligament, and conoid and trapezoid ligaments

A peak flow meter is an asthma screening tool that can be used to help quickly assess asthma severity and determine the effectiveness of medications. What instructions should be provided to the patient using a peak flow meter? - Slide the indicator to the base of the meter, place the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, and after sealing your lips tightly around the mouthpiece inhale completely until the indicator rises within the meter - After placing the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, then blow out as hard and as fast as you can one time - Stand or sit up straight, exhale completely, then with your lips tightly around the mouthpiece inhale as fast as you can one time - While standing, slide the indicator to the base of the meter and then wrap your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, take in a deep breath, and maximally exhale as slowly as possible

After placing the peak flow meter mouthpiece in your mouth, seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece, then blow out as hard and as fast as you can one time

Irritability, aphasia, concentration difficulty, fatigue, and unilateral visual disturbances are five potential migraine prodrome symptoms. When should a patient expect to experience these prodrome symptoms? - During peak headache pain intensity - In the beginning of the migraine attack as pain intensity is increasing - Toward the end of the migraine attack as pain intensity is abating - Before the onset of the migraine attack

Before the onset of the migraine attack

Which of the following is the most effective and cost-efficient cleaning solution to safely decontaminate soiled surfaces such as treatment tables and floors? - Ammonia: water (1:20) - Bleach: water (1:10) - White vinegar: water (1:10) - Hydrogen peroxide: water (1:20)

Bleach: water (1:10)

For an acute injury in the inflammatory phase of the tissue response to trauma, what is the most beneficial effect of cold application? - Decreased need for oxygen through reduction in cellular metabolism - Decreased blood viscosity - Systemic arterial vasoconstriction and reduced tissue perfusion - Promotion of tissue swelling removal

Decreased need for oxygen through reduction in cellular metabolism

During a match a water polo player sustains an aggressive tackle, forcing his neck into lateral right side flexion and depressing his left shoulder. The player immediately retreats to the side of the pool complaining of radiating and "burning" pain. Based on the mechanism of injury and initial complaint, what other sign or symptom is this athlete likely to report? - Severe neck pain - Bilateral paresthesia - Decreased strength of the left shoulder and arm muscles that are innervated by the involved nerves - Diminished sensory ability of right side dermatomes of the involved cervical nerves

Decreased strength of the left shoulder and arm muscles that are innervated by the involved nerves

You are meeting with a new patient who is coming to your clinic for rehabilitation following Tommy John surgery. In addition to providing the patient with an overview of the various phases of the rehabilitation process, what other important piece of information should be communicated to the patient to improve compliance with the rehabilitation program? - Examples of other patients who have had excellent rehabilitation outcomes - Detailed schedule of the first month of rehabilitation, including appointment dates, exercises, sets, and repetitions - Prognosis and date when the athlete will be able to return to activity - Detailed consequences of not following rehabilitation protocol

Detailed consequences of not following rehabilitation protocol

What document published every 5 years by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services provides Americans advice on good eating habits to promote health? - FDA Recommendations for Americans - Dietary Guidelines for Americans - MyPlate for Americans - Dietary Reference Intakes for Americans

Dietary Guidelines for Americans

An athlete approaches you for guidance regarding a dietary supplement he wishes to take to improve performance. What information would it be important for you to share with the athlete? - Dietary supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), so the product may contain substances that could result in a positive drug test - The ingredient list should be carefully evaluated for banned substances - The team physician is required to approve all supplements before use - The student should consult with his coach who has a list of all products that are approved for use by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

Dietary supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), so the product may contain substances that could result in a positive drug test

You elect to have a patient complete a McGill Pain Questionnaire before his or her rehabilitation appointment. Which type of patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale is being used? - Generic instrument - Disease-specific instrument - Site-specific instrument - Dimension-specific instrument

Dimension-specific instrument

Active listening is a key component in clinicians developing positive patient rapport while gathering a medical history and conducting a physical examination. Which of the following illustrates active listening? - Avoiding direct eye contact with patient unless required for examination components - Asking primarily questions that can be answered with "yes" or "no" to avoid confusing the patient - Following up a patient's statements by paraphrasing and repeating what was said and asking for clarification as needed - Refraining from allowing patients' nonverbal cues to affect initial or follow-up medical history questions or examination components

Following up a patient's statements by paraphrasing and repeating what was said and asking for clarification as needed

While reviewing an athlete's injury report, you note his diagnosis in an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. How should the mechanism for this injury be documented in the injury report? - In the objective section, document that the athlete stated that his arm was cocked to throw the football when he was hit - In the subjective section, document that the athlete reports a mechanism of shoulder abduction and external rotation - In the subjective section, document that the athlete states he fell on an outstretched arm - In the objective section, document that you determined that he has pain when the arm is forced into horizontal adduction and external rotation - In the subjective section, document that you determine he has limited internal rotation and abduction

In the subjective section, document that the athlete reports a mechanism of shoulder abduction and external rotation

For an athletic trainer transitioning from pencil-and-paper medical documentation to an electronic medical record (EMR), what might be seen as a limitation of the EMR? - Inability to document patient referral recommendations - Inability to describe the patient's case in as much detail as preferred - Inability to document individually created treatment protocols - Inability to create both initial and daily reports

Inability to describe the patient's case in as much detail as preferred

Recognizing and addressing intrinsic risk factors for exertional heatstroke is an important prevention strategy. Which of the following is an intrinsic risk factor for exertional heat stroke? - Athletic equipment - Inadequate heat acclimatization - Lack of education and awareness of heat illnesses by coaches, athletes, and medical staff - High ambient temperature, solar radiation, and humidity

Inadequate heat acclimatization

After returning from a road trip, a member of your swim team is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate management approach for this condition? - Individuals who have been in close contact with the sick athlete should be placed on prophylactic antibiotics - Individuals who have been in close contact with the sick athlete should be tested for the disease using a nasal swab - Everyone in the travel party should be quarantined and monitored for 48 hours to ensure no one else has contracted the disease - Everyone in the travel party should be tested for the disease using a lumbar puncture - Everyone in the travel party should be encouraged to eat well, get plenty of rest and fluids, and report to the athletic training room immediately if they begin to experience any symptoms

Individuals who have been in close contact with the sick athlete should be placed on prophylactic antibiotics

A rugby player is completing a lower extremity functional progression following a grade II ankle sprain. The athlete has successfully completed lateral jumping, forward-back jumping, and command jumping. Which exercises would be introduced next in this progression? - Stork standing while playing catch on a stable surface moving to an unstable surface - Stork standing with eyes open rotating head left to right while on a trampoline and then on a foam roller - Lateral hopping, forward-backward hopping, and command hopping - Figure-8's, zigzags, and cutting at full speed

Lateral hopping, forward-backward hopping, and command hopping

Your tennis team will be traveling from the east coast to the west coast for a tournament. What guidance might you give the coach to minimize the negative impacts of jet lag on the players? - Do not allow the players to drink caffeine while traveling west - Ask the players to stay up late before you leave so they will sleep on the plane - On arrival, immediately assume the local time schedule for eating, practicing, and sleeping - Have the players keep their watches set on the time at home to improve the ability to adjust on return

On arrival, immediately assume the local time schedule for eating, practicing, and sleeping

A 45-year-old baseball coach sustained an Achilles tendon rupture that was surgically repaired. At what point in the rehabilitation protocol can the patient begin jogging? - Once the patient has 10 to 15 degrees of dorsiflexion - Once the patient has full range of motion and full functional multiplanar strength - Once the patient is pain-free when walking without a boot - Once the patient reaches the 16-week mark postoperatively

Once the patient has 10 to 15 degrees of dorsiflexion

The emergency medical equipment available on-site should be based on the type of event being covered and the possible emergency scenarios associated with that event. If an emergency scenario requiring advanced airway management is anticipated, what emergency medical equipment needs to be readily available at the event venue? - Automated external defibrillator (AED) with extra pads - Pulse oximeter - Oral pharyngeal airway (OPA) - EpiPen

Oral pharyngeal airway (OPA)

While practicing, an ice hockey player collides with a teammate and sustains a potential cervical spine injury. The player is supine on the ice and you are providing cervical spine stabilization when two other athletic trainers arrive to provide assistance. Emergency medical services (EMS) has been contacted and dispatched to your location. Based on recent practice recommendations, you and your colleagues begin the process of removing the player's helmet. To avoid potential compromise of the cervical spine, what other personal protective equipment should be removed from this patient before transporting him to an emergency facility? - Ice skates - Jersey - Elbow pads - Shoulder pads

Shoulder pads

The senior captain of your university's women's tennis team begins displaying symptoms consistent with multiple sclerosis, including unilateral arm weakness. The team physician disqualifies her from tennis participation and all training for 3 weeks until she can be examined by a neurologist. Ten days into her 3 weeks of disqualification, the athlete reports sleep disturbances, increased sweating, emotional irritability, irregular heartbeat, disturbed digestion, and a severe decrease in appetite. What serious psychological and physiological condition has this athlete developed as a result of being disqualified? - Sudden exercise abstinence syndrome - Emotional burnout - Staleness - Sudden-onset situational depression

Sudden exercise abstinence syndrome

You receive a call from your team physician alerting you that the female equestrian athlete you had referred to him has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The athlete reports to the athletic training facility and tells you she ate lunch approximately 2 hours ago. She just checked her blood glucose level, and the glucometer reading was 203 mg/dL. How would you interpret these results? - The blood glucose level indicates impaired glucose tolerance - The blood glucose level indicates normal physiological glucose management - The blood glucose level indicates uncontrolled diabetes - The blood glucose level indicates the athlete is hypoglycemic

The blood glucose level indicates uncontrolled diabetes

Blood pressure is assessed using a stethoscope and correctly sized sphygmomanometer. With the sphygmomanometer snugly secured around the patient's arm and the diaphragm of the stethoscope placed over the brachial artery, the cuff is inflated to greater than 200 mm Hg and then gradually deflated. During deflation the examiner listens for the Korotkoff sounds while watching the aneroid dial. Which of the following Korotkoff phase descriptions is accurate? - The first two consecutive beats heard as the cuff deflates are phase I and indicate diastolic pressure - The knocking, crisp, high-pitched sounds are phase II and indicate systolic pressure - The swooshing sound is phase IV and results from the turbulent blood flow through the partially occluded artery - The disappearance of the last audible sound is phase V, also known as the fifth Korotkoff sound, and defines diastolic pressure

The disappearance of the last audible sound is phase V, also known as the fifth Korotkoff sound, and defines diastolic pressure

As a clinician it is important to assess patient outcomes. One assessment tool is the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROMIS tools measure a variety of health-related domains, including pain. What does the PROMIS Pain Interference tool measure? - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities as well as sleep - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her behavior, including crying, facial expressions, and asking for help - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her thinking, including ability to concentrate, complete tasks, and plan future actions - The effect a patient's pain has on his or her interpersonal relationships with family members, friends, coworkers, and superiors

The effect a patient's pain has on his or her social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities as well as sleep

A spectator collapses during a college basketball game. The emergency action plan (EAP) is activated, and emergency medical services (EMS) is en route. Which staff member would be in the best position to meet and direct EMS personnel to the location of the emergency? - The facility manager - The athletics director - One of the coaches - An athletic training student

The facility manager

According to the American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Joint Position Statement: Recommendations for Cardiovascular Screening, Staffing, and Emergency Policies at Health/Fitness Facilities, what is the responsibility of any facility offering exercise equipment or services? - The facility must provide a stress test for all new members or prospective users - The facility must require all new members to provide proof of a recent comprehensive physical examination - The facility must require all new members to provide proof of active health insurance - The facility's personnel should conduct cardiovascular screening of all new members or prospective users - The facility should deny membership to anyone identified as being at risk for a cardiovascular incident

The facility's personnel should conduct cardiovascular screening of all new members or prospective users

Before beginning your patient's treatment program, you ask him to sign an "Informed Consent for Treatment" form. How should you explain the purpose of this form to the patient? - The form serves as a waiver of the patient's right to pursue claims of negligence against you as the clinician - The form serves as a waiver of the patient's right to pursue claims of liability against the facility where you are providing care - The form protects you, the treating clinician, from the patient pursuing claims of criminal battery against you - This form protects the facility where you are providing care by prohibiting patients from refusing any form of treatment, therapeutic modality, or rehabilitation

The form protects you, the treating clinician, from the patient pursuing claims of criminal battery against you

You are instructing your patient on home care of his wound. What wound cleaning instructions should you provide? - Showering should be avoided, as the water pressure can damage healing tissues - The wound should be scrubbed to reduce bacteria and promote tissue granulation - The wound can be soaked in saline or potable tap water to hydrate the wound - Antiseptics, such as 1% povidone-iodine, should not be used when cleaning the wound because they are toxic to the tissue

The wound can be soaked in saline or potable tap water to hydrate the wound

A patient's treatment notes indicate stretching of the glenohumeral joint internal rotators was conducted using the hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique. What is an accurate explanation of this stretching technique? - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and contraction of the external rotators to bring the joint to the end of external rotation motion - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of internal rotation. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the external rotators followed by passive movement of the glenohumeral joint to the end of internal rotation - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation. The patient performs an isotonic contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and passive movement of the glenohumeral joint to the end of external rotation - The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation by the external rotators contracting isotonically. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and active movement of the joint in the direction of external rotation via contraction of the external rotators

The glenohumeral joint is initially brought to the end of external rotation. The patient performs an isometric contraction of the internal rotators followed by relaxation of the internal rotators and contraction of the external rotators to bring the joint to the end of external rotation motion

In performing Renne's test, an athlete squats, flexing the knee to 30 degrees. As the athlete returns to the start position of the knees in full extension, how does the function of the iliotibial band change? - The iliotibial band is now able to assist in hip abduction - The iliotibial band acts to internally rotate the tibia - The iliotibial band creates posterior tibial translation - The iliotibial band assists in superior patellar glide - The iliotibial band goes from being a knee flexor to being a knee extensor

The iliotibial band goes from being a knee flexor to being a knee extensor

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on environmental cold injuries, three layers of clothing are recommended to minimize risk of hypothermia. Which of the following is correct regarding these layers? - The external layer allows evaporating of sweat with minimal absorption - The internal layer allows evaporation of sweat with minimal absorption - The middle layer provides resistance against wind - The external layer provides insulation - The internal layer provides insulation

The internal layer allows evaporation of sweat with minimal absorption

An athlete at your university who is completing a hamstring injury rehabilitation program informs you he has been taking over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the past 2 weeks. What information should you provide this patient? - The major side effects of NSAIDs are gastrointestinal, so he should seek medical attention if he experiences any symptoms of dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; or gastrointestinal bleeding, which may appear as black, tarry stool - To minimize food-drug interactions, he should take NSAIDs on an empty stomach and avoid taking them with milk or any dairy products - NSAIDs are absorbed in the small intestine, avoiding direct effect on the gastrointestinal lining, so drinking alcohol while taking NSAIDs does not increase gastrointestinal bleeding risk - If he has had a previous hypersensitivity reaction or severe allergic reaction to aspirin or if he has sickle cell anemia, he can safely take NSAIDs at the recommended over-the-counter dose

The major side effects of NSAIDs are gastrointestinal, so he should seek medical attention if he experiences any symptoms of dyspepsia; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain; or gastrointestinal bleeding, which may appear as black, tarry stool

An athlete asks you to look at a mole on her back that she has had her whole life but that she thinks has changed over the past several months. To rule out melanoma, you screen for the ABCD characteristics. Which of the following characteristics would necessitate referral for evaluation by a dermatologist? - The mole is symmetrical all the way around - The mole is bordered by skin that is red and scaly - The mole varies in color in different areas - The mole's diameter is smaller than a dime

The mole varies in color in different areas

To depolarize excitable tissue such as nerves, which of the following criteria regarding the applied electrical current must be met? - The amount of time the current flows in one direction must be short enough to allow the membrane to repolarize - The rate of rise of the leading edge of the electrical pulse must be rapid enough to prevent accommodation - The electrical current must change direction frequently enough to cause the nerve to depolarize - The peak intensity of the current must be high enough to depolarize the nerve

The rate of rise of the leading edge of the electrical pulse must be rapid enough to prevent accommodation

An athletic training facility has implemented narrative charting through the use of dictating into voice recognition software. If using this method, what steps must be taken before adding the record to the patient chart? - Copies must be made to store in the paper chart as well as the electronic chart - The record must be reviewed for accuracy and initialed by the athletic trainer who completed the treatment - All electronic records must be archived and maintained for eternity - Documentation should be reviewed by the patient and initialed to meet Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements

The record must be reviewed for accuracy and initialed by the athletic trainer who completed the treatment

What is the role of the student athlete in regard to protective equipment? - The student athlete must wear and use the equipment properly - The student athlete must make sure his or her equipment is reconditioned based on recommended time frames - The student athlete must not modify the equipment in any way and should notify coaches, athletic trainers, or equipment managers if the equipment needs maintenance - The student athlete should follow the directions given by coaches and equipment managers

The student athlete must not modify the equipment in any way and should notify coaches, athletic trainers, or equipment managers if the equipment needs maintenance

A patient being treated for low back pain with significant fascial restrictions is referred to a manual therapist, who specializes in improving body posture and segmental alignment through fascial release and body awareness so that all body functions are optimized. Which therapist specializes in this type of treatment? - Therapist trained in Rolfing - Therapist trained in Graston - Therapist trained in Kaltenborn - Therapist trained in dry needling

Therapist trained in Rolfing

A football helmet bears the National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) seal. What does this seal imply about the helmet? - It is a warranty that the helmet will protect the athlete from potential head injuries - This helmet met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned - The helmet will minimize the severity of a head injury such as a concussion - It states that there is risk inherent in playing football and that a serious injury can occur as a result of participation in the sport - The helmet can be safely removed during an on-field emergency care situation

This helmet met the requirements of NOCSAE performance testing when it was manufactured or reconditioned

To effectively assess a patient's rehabilitation program, how frequently should a patient be reevaluated and results of this evaluation recorded in his or her medical records? - With each visit to the clinician - After every three visits with the clinician - After 2 weeks, when short-term goals should be met - When patient has achieved goals and is ready to be discharged

With each visit to the clinician

Which of the following demonstrates culturally sensitive communication during a preparticipation examination? - Reading medical history questions aloud for persons with limited English proficiency - Understanding that a person's limitations in English proficiency strongly correlate with his or her level of intellectual functioning - Writing all notices and communications in the patient's language of origin - Teaching individuals and families who speak languages other than English key words so that they can better communicate with you

Writing all notices and communications in the patient's language of origin

You elect to utilize the SCAT5 (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool) to establish baseline data. Which portion of the SCAT5 assesses cognitive function? - Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) - Maddocks score - Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)

Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC)

In an on-field emergency situation, which member of the emergency team should direct the immediate care of the injured athlete? - Athletic trainer - Athletic training student - Team physician - Local emergency medical services (EMS) personnel covering the game

Team physician

Which of the following information-gathering questions posed to your patient during an initial patient evaluation is most appropriately recorded in the "objective" section of your medical documentation? - "What medications are you currently taking for this condition, and what medications have you taken since the injury occurred?" - "On average, how many hours of sleep per night are lost due to the pain you are experiencing?" - "In addition to pain, what other symptoms are you experiencing?" - "Explain how the injury occurred, including the direction and speed of the impact"

"On average, how many hours of sleep per night are lost due to the pain you are experiencing?"

While providing nutritional counseling to athletes, you recommend that in addition to consuming protein in a daily balanced diet, they consume protein during and immediately after an exercise session. What is the maximum total daily protein intake that is recommended, based on research suggesting more is unlikely to result in further muscle gains? - 1.0 g/kg/day - 2.0 g/kg/day - 3.0 g/kg/day - 4.0 g/kg/day

2.0 g/kg/day

For which of the following patients would you need to decrease the duration goal of a balance exercise used in a rehabilitation protocol? - A 16-year-old field hockey player - A 22-year-old swimmer - A 35-year-old elite tennis player - A 50-year-old senior tour golfer

A 50-year-old senior tour golfer

According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) guidelines, which of the following collegiate athletes must complete a comprehensive preparticipation medical evaluation? - A baseball player transferring from a similar-division NCAA institution who reports no injuries or health concerns on his medical history form - A junior basketball player who has not completed a comprehensive examination since his freshman year - A junior football player who has not completed a cardiovascular screening as part of the preparticipation examination since his freshman year - A senior sprinter who had only history and blood pressure measurements taken as part of the cardiovascular screening each season since the initial preparticipation physical examination - A senior field hockey player who tore her anterior cruciate ligament in her sophomore season and participated during her junior year

A baseball player transferring from a similar-division NCAA institution who reports no injuries or health concerns on his medical history form

An adolescent athlete sustains a fall on an outstretched hand and is seen by his pediatrician. He returns the next day and reports that the x-ray in the pediatrician's office was negative, and he can play as tolerated: however, he still presents with exquisite pain in the anatomical snuff box. You are hesitant to allow him to return to play because you feel he may have a fracture. How would you best communicate to the athlete's parents your concern that yesterday's x-ray may be a false-negative? - The navicular bone is too dense for x-rays to pass through - A fracture line may not show on x-rays for several weeks - The wrist cannot stabilized because of a chronic or acute irritation of the proximal radial condyle - It may take several months for a fracture line to show on x-rays - The navicular bone is too small to be seen by x-ray

A fracture line may not show on x-rays for several weeks

Which of the following would be an appropriate result of an ergonomic risk assessment? - A policy is instituted that all workers on the loading dock will be provided with a lumbar stabilization belt and instructions on when and how to use it - Customer service specialists are required to sit during their shift to minimize stress on their lower bodies - Cameras are installed to monitor workflow patterns and identify potential problems - Absentee rates are calculated for different departments

A policy is instituted that all workers on the loading dock will be provided with a lumbar stabilization belt and instructions on when and how to use it

After gathering a comprehensive medical history and conducting a physical examination, two conditions remain in your initial differential diagnosis. To rule out one condition and make a clinical diagnosis, you decide to use a special test with a reported specificity of 0.80. Based on this high specificity value, what do you know about this special test? - A positive test finding rules out the condition - A negative test finding rules out the condition - A positive test finding rules in the condition - A negative test finding rules in the condition

A positive test finding rules in the condition

A freshman student athlete with type I diabetes mellitus is having difficulty managing her blood sugar levels with her new eating and exercise patterns since coming to school. In addition to working with her physician, what other sports health-care provider might best assist this athlete? - A sports chiropractor - A sports psychologist - The strength and conditioning coach - A sports nutritionist

A sports nutritionist

In an athlete with sickle cell trait, maximal physical exertion (muscle activity) evokes forces that lead to red blood sickling (change in red blood cell shape from round to quarter moon). What are these forces? Select all that apply. A: Hypoxemia B: Hyperglycemia C: Lactic acidosis D: Sodium depletion E: Hyperthermia of muscles F: Dehydration of cells G: Edema formation

A, C, E, F

You receive a phone call from a colleague whose adolescent daughter was kicked in the anterior lower leg by a horse while at a riding lesson earlier that day. You need to gather information about the injured adolescent's relevant medical history. What questions should you ask the parent? Select all that apply. A: How old is your daughter? B: Does your daughter eat a well-balanced diet? C: Does your daughter have any medical conditions? D: When was her last tetanus shot? E: Do you have a family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or stroke? F: Does your daughter take any vitamins or nutritional supplements? G: Does your daughter have any bone development issues?

A, C, G

Based on the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Position Statement on Management of Sport Concussion, which of the following athletes should undergo a baseline concussion evaluation annually? - Adolescent athletes - Any athlete with a history of concussion more than 1 year ago - An athlete with a history of more than three concussions - Athletes older than 25 years of age

Adolescent athletes

A nebulizer, also known as an atomizer, is effective in treating a severe asthma attack because it can deliver a higher medication dose compared with a metered dose inhaler. When treating a serious respiratory rescue situation, what medication is typically administered with a nebulizer? - Montelukast - Salmeterol - Formoterol - Albuterol

Albuterol

You are assisting in the medical treatment tent at a local youth soccer tournament. This is the first tournament of the spring season. One of the coaches escorts a 10-year-old player to the tent. The athlete appears to be having difficulty breathing catching his breath. You have conducted an initial assessment and determined the athlete is suffering from an asthma attack. While you are consulting with the physician in the medical tent, the athlete's mother arrives carrying asthma medications. Which inhaler is the most appropriate for the immediate management of the athlete's current symptoms? - Albuterol (Proventil) - Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol (Advair) - Salmeterol (Serevent) - Fluticasone propionate (Flovent)

Albuterol (Proventil)

During the rehabilitation process, an athlete is exhibiting the outward signs of excessive talking, argumentativeness, inappropriate joke telling, and hyperactivity. What is the most appropriate reaction by the athletic trainer? - Pity the athlete and excuse the behaviors - Tell the athlete that the behavior is abnormal - Allow the athlete to vent emotions - Reprimand the athlete for inappropriate behavior - Speak with teammates and encourage them to counsel the athlete

Allow the athlete to vent emotions

What treatment is recommended for a 15-year-old female soccer player who has been diagnosed with mittelschmerz? - Anti-inflammatory medications and ice pack - Analgesic medications and moist hot pack - Antidiarrheal medications and electrolyte fluid - Antiemetics and a bland diet - Antihistamines and nebulizer treatment

Analgesic medications and moist hot pack

To minimize errors and miscommunications in medical documentation, what should a sports medicine program include in its policy and procedure manual? - Contact information of all sports medicine program staff members - A chain-of-command flow chart - List of therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation equipment maintained at each clinic - Approved list of medical abbreviations and acronyms

Approved list of medical abbreviations and acronyms

You are treating an elderly patient following a total hip replacement. She seems to be having difficulty remembering how to complete all of the exercises you have suggested as part of her home exercise program. What strategies might you use to assist this patient? - Remind the patient at the end of the session what you want her to do before you see her again - Ask her daughter who brings her to her appointments to come back when you are giving exercise instructions and solicit her assistance - Send the patient an e-mail or text reminder during the week to do her exercises - Notify the patient's physician that she may need to receive inpatient rehabilitative care

Ask her daughter who brings her to her appointments to come back when you are giving exercise instructions and solicit her assistance

An 18-year-old women's basketball player who successfully returned to activity following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction during high school is now part of your college basketball team. You would like this athlete to participate in an ACL prevention training program. What is your rationale for making this recommendation to the coach and athlete? - Athletes with previous ACL injuries are at highest risk of sustaining an ACL injury in the same or in the contralateral limb, especially if the original injury occurred at a young age - All female athletes are at increased risk of ACL injury - Female athletes, and basketball players in particular, have demonstrated lower levels of neuromuscular control, making them more susceptible to ACL injuries - Prevention training programs are most successful if initiated before the athlete reaches skeletal maturity, so the earlier it can be initiated, the better

Athletes with previous ACL injuries are at highest risk of sustaining an ACL injury in the same or in the contralateral limb, especially if the original injury occurred at a young age

The second baseman on your son's little league team is hit in the anterolateral lower leg by a line drive. He is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. Based on the location of the trauma, you are concerned about the possibility of acute anterior compartment syndrome. Which signs and symptoms indicate anterior compartment syndrome? Select all that apply. A: Decreased strength with resisted plantar flexion B: Decreased strength with resisted dorsiflexion C: Decreased strength with resisted inversion D: Decreased strength resisted eversion E: Numbness in the web space between the first and second toes F: Numbness over the dorsal and lateral aspects of the foot G: Numbness over the plantar and medial aspects of the foot H: Numbness along the shaft of the anterior tibia I: Diminished posterior tibial pulse J: Diminished dorsalis pedis pulse

B, E, F, J

An athletic trainer has been tasked with developing an outreach program for a hospital system. During the strategic planning process, the athletic trainer shares the plan for the outreach program with several internal stakeholders. The chair of the Department of Orthopedics was an enthusiastic and vocal supporter of the program, but when he is asked to provide physicians to staff the Saturday morning free clinic he is unwilling to garner support or participation from his staff unless they are compensated for their time. How might you characterize this stakeholder? - Ally - Bedfellow - Adversary - Opponent

Bedfellow

Which of the following components should be included in your facility exposure control plan? - Action steps to take if exposure occurs and method of documenting HIV status of employees - Method for recording every occupational exposure and cost list for personal protective equipment - Annual employee training plan and criteria for identifying individuals most likely to carry bloodborne pathogens - Bloodborne pathogens education and plans for exposure prevention - List of signs and symptoms of bloodborne pathogens and criteria for determining an exposure incident

Bloodborne pathogens education and plans for exposure prevention

Which professional entity produces and enforces the Standards of Professional Practice that certified athletic trainers are expected to meet? - National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) - Individual State Practice Acts - American Medical Association - Allied Health Professional Council - Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC)

Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC)

A 55-year-old postmenopausal club level swimmer is rehabilitating following recent tibia and radius fractures sustained during a trip and fall incident. Which of the following activities should be incorporated into this rehabilitation program to address possible bone density deficiencies? - Water aerobics - Flexibility exercises - Body weight circuit training - Cycling

Body weight circuit training

What medical term is used to document the patient is demonstrating less than 12 breaths/min during rest? - Bradycardia - Tachypnea - Hypopnea - Bradypnea - Apnea

Bradypnea

What postconcussion metabolic changes, which may assist in the diagnosis of a concussion, can put a patient with a concussion at risk of further brain trauma if he is allowed to return to activity and suffers another head injury? - Brain cells have a suppressed metabolism despite enhanced blood flow to the cells - Brain cells have an increased demand for glucose, but blood flow decreases - Brain cells have an increased demand for glucose and an associated enhanced blood flow to the cells - Brain cells have a suppressed metabolism and an associated blood flow decrease

Brain cells have an increased demand for glucose, but blood flow decreases

When monitoring an athlete's respirations, you note an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by increased rate and depth of respirations followed by a brief period of apnea. What type of injury is associated with this breathing pattern? - Brain injury - Heat illness - Exertional sickling - Internal bleeding - Pneumothorax

Brain injury

A patient who sustained a hip dislocation approximately 8 weeks ago returns for rehabilitation following a visit with his physician. The physician has cleared the patient to begin swimming. Which swimming stroke should be avoided until approximately 4 months after injury? - Backstroke - Butterfly - Freestyle - Breaststroke

Breaststroke

A high school freshman reports to the athletic training clinic complaining of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) irritation, which he attributes to his new cleats. On examination you note bilateral hallux valgus along with pes planus. Also the first toe appears to slightly overlap the second toe. What condition tends to develop secondary to hallux valgus? - Onychomycosis - Onychocryptosis - Bunion - Subungual hematoma

Bunion

An athlete, who is a 5th-year senior, has had four shoulder surgeries and is contemplating a fifth surgery. The coach, teammates, and parents are pressuring the athlete to get the surgery as soon as possible. The athlete begins to exhibit physical, psychological, and emotional withdrawal. Which psychosocial condition is this athlete most likely exhibiting? - Achievement motivation - Anxiety - Adjustment disorder - Burnout

Burnout

A defensive back on the football team sustains a blow to his knee. During the examination of his injured knee joint you perform the Slocum drawer test illustrated in the photo. What statements are correct regarding this test? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg. 181) A: The tibia is internally rotated to 25 degrees to test for anteromedial capsular instability B: The tibia is externally rotated to 15 degrees to test for anterolateral capsular instability C: An increased amount of anterior tibial translation compared with the contralateral side indicates a positive test D: The lack of a firm endpoint indicates a positive test E: Rotating the tibia excessively, beyond recommended degrees, can lead to a false-negative test F: A positive test implies anterolateral instability G: A positive test implies damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), anteromedial capsule, and medial meniscus

C, D, E, F

During morning sick call, you elevate a female swimmer complaining of fatigue, excessive urination, and a heightened sense of thirst. Your initial assessment included a urinalysis, which demonstrated that the athlete's urine was high in glucose and ketones. You are concerned about this athlete's current health and so have chosen to refer this athlete to another health-care provider. Which providers are best qualified to evaluate and treat this patient? Select all that apply. A: Orthopedic surgeon B: Gastroenterologist C: Internal medicine physician D: Family medicine physician E: Nurse practitioner F: Physician assistant G: Registered nurse H: Emergency medical technician I: Rheumatologist J: Urologist

C, D, E, F

A patient has sustained knee joint trauma affecting multiple structures and resulting in anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI). Which of the following statements is accurate regarding ALRI? Select all that apply. A: The anterior tibia subluxes laterally B: ALRI results in abnormal external tibial rotation C: Potential injured structures include anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), iliotibial (IT) band, biceps femoris muscle, and lateral meniscus D: ALRI is the most common rotational instability of the knee E: Potential injured structures include the ACL, medial collateral ligament (MCL), posterolateral capsule, and pes anserine F: ALRI results in a posteromedial pathological axis G: The lateral tibia plateau subluxes anteriorly

C, D, F, G

A decreased triceps reflex is indicative of a lower motor neuron lesion at which level? - C5 - C6 - C7 - C8 - T1

C7

The design of which type of resistance equipment aims at achieving accommodating resistance? - Pulley-based machines, such as the Universal weight system - Functional movement equipment, such as surgical tubing or exercise bands - Attenuable polymer band-based equipment, such as Bowflex - Cam-based machines, such as Nautilus - Freely moveable weights and iron plates, such as dumbbells and barbells

Cam-based machines, such as Nautilus

Which of the following medical history questions that would be appropriate in an acute, possibly catastrophic injury situation would not be as effective in a noncatastrophic off-field evaluation? - What activities increase your shoulder pain? - How does the pain you are feeling now compare with the worst pain you have ever experienced? - Can you wiggle your fingers? - How is the injury impacting your activities of daily living?

Can you wiggle your fingers?

When incorporating neuromuscular training into a rehabilitation protocol, which of the following exercises would be considered a multiplanar exercise for the lower extremity? - Mini-squats on a foam roller - Hip adduction using an exercise band for resistance - Forward step-up onto an unstable surface - Carioca drill through an agility ladder - Backward walking on an incline treadmill

Carioca drill through an agility ladder

Which of the following statements best characterizes prevention of catastrophic cervical spine injuries? - A football helmet is designed to reduce the risk of axial loading - Catastrophic cervical spine injury resulting from axial loading is neither caused nor prevented by players' standard equipment - Proper training in tackling and blocking techniques is not as effective as protective equipment in minimizing the risk of a catastrophic cervical spine injury - Players who initiate contact with their head down are less at risk for sustaining a catastrophic cervical spine injury if a cowboy collar is added to the shoulder pads - Players who are on the receiving end of head-down, helmet-to-helmet contact are not at risk for a catastrophic cervical spine injury

Catastrophic cervical spine injury resulting from axial loading is neither caused nor prevented by players' standard equipment

You are attempting to use your ultrasound machine, but it seems that there is no power to the device. You check the outlet and note that the ground fault current interrupter (GFCI) has been tripped. This is the first time this has occurred. What action should you take? - Call in an electrician to evaluate the outlet - Connect an extension cord from the outlet to the ultrasound machine to distribute the voltage - Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch, and continue with your treatment - Unplug all devices until the facility can be inspected by your fire safety office

Check to see that there are not multiple devices plugged into the outlet, press the reset switch, and continue with your treatment

When equipment manufacturers of electrical stimulation units determine preset pulse durations, they are based on the phase duration required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the amplitude is two times rheobase. What is the term associated with this phase duration? - Chronaxie - Motor depolarization potential - Resting potential - Interpulse interval

Chronaxie

Which of the following tools would provide practitioners with summary statements of evidence-based information to guide choices on appropriate care of specific conditions? - Outcome assessment measures - Summative evaluation statements - Clinical practice guidelines - Randomized clinical trials

Clinical practice guidelines

An Amateur Athletic Union basketball player is completing a rehabilitation program to address his bilateral Osgood-Schlatter disease. What exercises should this athlete avoid because they will exacerbate his symptoms? - Resisted terminal knee extension - Closed kinetic chain knee flexion beyond 90 degrees of flexion - Prone full-range hamstring curls - Quadriceps setting - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching

Closed kinetic chain knee flexion beyond 90 degrees of flexion

Your patient recently purchased a Swiss Ball to perform Swiss Ball exercises as part of her home care program. What safety recommendations should you provide this patient for using a Swiss Ball for her home program? - Clothing should be minimal to allow for maximal skin to ball contact to best stabilize the ball, and she should wear rubber-soled shoes for traction - Clothing should be free of belt buckles and other metal that may puncture the ball, and she should wear rubber-soled shoes for traction - Clothing should be made of cotton to absorb sweat and minimize sliding on the ball, and she should have bare feet for traction - Clothing should be minimal to allow for maximal skin to ball contact to best stabilize the ball, and her hair should be restrained, if necessary, so it does not impede exercises or hamper vision

Clothing should be free of belt buckles and other metal that may puncture the ball, and she should wear rubber-soled shoes for traction

An athlete who was recently injured has fallen into a pattern of saying things such as, "I think this is the referee's fault; he let the game get out of hand" and "I'm no good to anyone now." The athlete is dwelling on these thoughts, and it is hindering his progress, as he has lost motivation. Which type of psychological strategy would be most effective for this athlete? - Reducing muscle tension through relaxation techniques - Guided imagery - Cognitive restructuring - Meditation

Cognitive restructuring

A patient completing a postoperative rehabilitation program is struggling to gain range of motion. During today's session she reports feeling extreme pain before the clinician moves the limb halfway to the end of her available range of motion. She tells the clinician she does not want to feel the uncomfortable sensations she felt in the previous treatment session. This is an example of which dimension of pain perception? - Sensory-discriminative - Cognitive-evaluative - Affective-motivational - Cognitive-modulative

Cognitive-evaluative

According to the research-based recommendations for the appropriate management of exertional heatstroke (EHS), what treatment should be provided to a patient demonstrating signs and symptoms of EHS before transportation to an emergency care facility? - Oral fluids containing glucose and electrolytes until patient ceases to be thirsty - Foods such as bananas containing both sugars and necessary vitamins and minerals - Cold water immersion to cool the patient's core body temperature to at least 102 degrees Fahrenheit - Antipyretic medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) to decrease core body temperature

Cold water immersion to cool the patient's core body temperature to at least 102 degrees Fahrenheit

A freshman women's basketball player who is struggling with balancing schoolwork, roommate issues, and the demands of the team arrives at practice in tears. Midway through practice, she walks off the court. When you approach her in the hallway, she is visibly upset and she tells you she just wants to put an end to all the pain and hurting. You are concerned that she may attempt suicide. What is the most appropriate immediate management for this situation? - Notify your campus security or public safety office and request they transport her to the hospital's emergency department for a psychiatric evaluation - Comfort the athlete, and then escort her to the campus counseling center - Ask the coach to get her involved in practice to get her mind off her worries and make an appointment at the campus counseling center for the next morning - Ask the coach to assign a teammate to stay with her at all times until you can arrange an appointment with your team physician the next day

Comfort the athlete, and then escort her to the campus counseling center

Which National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) committee is responsible for establishing policies and recommendations on safe sport participation? - Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports - Committee on Sport Safety - Committee on Risk Management in Intercollegiate Athletics - Committee on Injury Surveillance and Prevention - Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports

Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports

A senior on your intercollegiate sailing team is escorted to the athletic training clinic by her coach, who tells you the athlete was hit in the head by the boom during a race this weekend. The coach asks you to assess this athlete. As an athletic trainer you may choose between two different types of neuropsychological tests for sports-related concussions: computerized tests and paper-and-pencil tests. Using this table, assign each of the tests listed to the appropriate test type. A: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) B: CogSport C: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test D: Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) digit span test E: Concussion Resolution Index (CRI) F: Trail Making Test G: Stroop Color and Word Test H: Controlled Oral Word Association Test I: ImPACT J: Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Computerized Tests: A, B, E, I Paper-and-Pencil Tests: C, D, F, G, H, J

Your softball team is preparing to practice when you notice the sky darkening. You remember that the weather forecast mentioned possible thunderstorms for today. You consult the National Weather Service and discover that a severe thunderstorm watch has been declared for your area. What does this declaration mean? - Conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather - Severe weather has been detected in your area - Steps should be taken to remove athletes from the field - All persons should take necessary precautions to preserve their own safety

Conditions are favorable for the development of severe weather

Based on current research investigating the best method of removing football helmet facemasks to access the airway, the combined tool technique has been recommended. What emergency equipment should be accessible for applying this technique? - Cordless power screwdriver and Trainer's Angel - Trainer's Angel and FM Extractor - Cordless power screwdriver and manual screwdriver - EMT scissors and FM Extractor

Cordless power screwdriver and Trainer's Angel

An equestrian rider reports for evaluation of a head injury after being thrown from her horse. Which cranial nerve is being assessed by the test shown in the photo? (Image on Rozzi pg.151) - Cranial nerve II - Cranial nerve V - Cranial nerve VIII - Cranial nerve XI - Cranial nerve I

Cranial nerve VIII

In addition to providing a method for sharing information between the athletic trainer and the physician, what other purpose can a medical referral form initiated by an athletic trainer and completed and signed by the treating physician serve? - Maintains compliance with the state practice acts - Provides consent for treatment - Creates legally defensible proof that a physician was consulted as required by the Standards of Professional Practice - Demonstrates professionalism as defined in the Code of Ethics

Creates legally defensible proof that a physician was consulted as required by the Standards of Professional Practice

While completing proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) strengthening patterns with a patient, the clinician is able to assess a point in the range at which the patient is unable to generate the same amount of force. Based on this assessment, what might the clinician do at that point in the range of motion to address this deficiency? - Reverse the motion and repeat only through a range in which the patient can provide full resistance - Cue the patient to hold and perform an isometric contraction at that point in the range and then complete the pattern - Stop the pattern and continue with progressive strengthening exercises until the patient can provide full resistance through the range - Provide increased resistance at that point in the range so that the muscle gains extra strength

Cue the patient to hold and perform an isometric contraction at that point in the range and then complete the pattern

The components of a primary survey can be designated by the mnemonic ABCDE. Which component of the primary survey includes a brief neurological examination or, in the case of cardiac arrest, application of an automated external defibrillator (AED)? - A - B - C - D - E

D

An athlete is making the complaint of negligence against an athletic trainer you employ. To prove negligence, which of the following conditions must be established? - The conduct of the athletic trainer exceeded duty of care - The athletic trainer was not working under the direct supervision of a physician - The Good Samaritan Law was violated - Damages occurred as a result of the athletic trainer's actions - An assumption of risk waiver was not signed by the athlete

Damages occurred as a result of the athletic trainer's actions

You are providing your patient instructions for using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback to facilitate isometric muscle contractions of her lower leg. After properly applying and securing the electrodes to the patient's skin, turning on the unit, and placing the patient's lower leg in the desired position, you instruct the patient to relax. While the patient is relaxed you adjust the sensitivity range to the lowest value that does not provide feedback and then set the top of the sensitivity range to two thirds of that value and instruct the patient to contract the muscle until maximum feedback is obtained and then hold the contraction for 6 seconds. During this first session, the patient is able to complete 15 repetitions. What changes to the treatment setup should you make for the next session to encourage your patient to elicit stronger muscular contractions? - Increase the sensitivity setting - Move the electrodes further apart - Decrease the sensitivity setting - Apply electrodes without using a conductive gel

Decrease the sensitivity setting

To address restricted range of motion, the clinician may incorporate a variety of muscle stretching techniques into a patient's treatment plan. However, there is a recommended progression of stretching procedures. Using the answer space provided, place the stretching procedures listed in the order in which a patient should be progressed. (Steps 1-4) A: Dynamic B: Passive static (clinician assisted) C: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) D: Passive self static

Done 1st: B Done 2nd: D Done 3rd: C Done 4th: A

When gathering a medical history, which of the following actions can promote effective patient communication? - Display a relaxed, but interested, open-body posture - Keep it simple by asking questions that can be answered with "yes" or "no" - Demonstrate respect for the patient's intelligence by using medical terminology - Follow up each patient response with a request for verifying evidence or examples

Display a relaxed, but interested, open-body posture

During a gymnastics meet, an athlete falls from the balance beam, injuring her right shoulder. Palpation reveals posterior displacement of the head of the humerus. The athlete's arm is abducted approximately 45 degrees, and any movement results in severe pain. The decision is made to splint the arm as it was found using pillows and cravats. Which of the following parameters should be assessed before and after the splint is applied? - Blood pressure in the injured arm - Heart rate, rhythm, and strength - Distal neurovascular and circulatory functions - Respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth - Strength of the forearm and muscles

Distal neurovascular and circulatory functions

An athlete recovering from an ankle ligament reconstruction is suspected of having a deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following imaging techniques would be most helpful in diagnosing this condition? - Electromyography - Echocardiogram - Electrocardiogram - Doppler ultrasonography - Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan

Doppler ultrasonography

What action is recommended to protect a health-care provider against exposure to bloodborne pathogens when there is heavy bleeding present? - Double hand washing following glove removal - Double gloving - Changing gloves when they become saturated - Using alcohol-based hand sanitizer following glove removal and hand washing

Double gloving

In an injured tissue, tensile strength of the injured tissue increases rapidly as the tissue progresses through the healing process. At what point in the rehabilitation process does tensile strength slow or even regress? - During the inflammatory process when macrophages clean the area of all debris - During proliferation when capillary buds begin to grow into the healing tissue - During remodeling when type III collagen is replaced with type I collagen - During proliferation when wound contraction occurs

During remodeling when type III collagen is replaced with type I collagen

Which of the following actions should you take when treating a person who is in shock? - Administer oral fluids - Elevate the legs - Elevate the head and trunk - Induce vomiting - Assist the patient in taking shock medications

Elevate the legs

Which of the following are components of an emergency action plan (EAP)? - Roles of first responders, venue directions, and emergency contact information for each athlete - Names and contact information for staff and administration personnel, date of most recent EAP practice session, list of available emergency equipment - Emergency personnel, modes of communication, and venue directions or site map - Location of personal protective equipment, roles of first responders, method of activating emergency medical services (EMS)

Emergency personnel, modes of communication, and venue directions or site map

In what way can a clinician best measure the impact on activities of daily living and subjective function of a functional exercise progression program following a knee injury? - Use an isokinetic dynamometer to quantify strength - Employ a pain scale, such as the McGill Pain Questionnaire - Employ a functional scoring system, such as the Knee Outcome Survey - Use a goniometer to quantify motion available in major joints - Use Cooper's test to quantify overall fitness levels

Employ a functional scoring system, such as the Knee Outcome Survey

In order to ease respiratory distress and restore cardiac output, what drug does the World Health Organization recommend be available for immediate treatment of acute anaphylaxis? - Epinephrine - Albuterol - Benadryl - Prednisone

Epinephrine

When providing emergency care to an unconscious athlete with a suspected cervical spine injury, what is the first action that should be taken? - Apply a rigid cervical collar to stabilize the spine - Place a towel in the posterior curve of the neck to establish normal lordotic curve - Treat athlete for shock by elevating the lower extremity - Assess heart rate via the carotid pulse - Establish and maintain an open airway

Establish and maintain an open airway

Practicing electrical safety in an athletic training facility is important to prevent injuries to patients and therapists. Which action provides the best legal protection from a potential lawsuit? - To ensure grounding, use only three-pronged wall outlets - Defective equipment should be labeled and used only intermittently - Remove plugs by pulling cord at an angle perpendicular to the outlet - Evaluate electrical equipment yearly, ensuring compliance to National Electrical Code guidelines

Evaluate electrical equipment yearly, ensuring compliance to National Electrical Code guidelines

In order to avoid potentially fatal delays in providing CPR, what should be communicated to the athlete health-care professionals regarding a collapsed and unresponsive athlete? - If patient is gasping, even occasionally, a cardiac arrest can be ruled out - Every collapsed and unresponsive athlete should be treated as having a cardiac arrest until a noncardiac cause is determined or the athlete becomes responsive - Seizure-like activity is rarely associated with cardiac arrest; therefore, the collapsed and unresponsive athlete should be treated as having a neurological condition - A rescuer trained in CPR, detecting a pulse in a collapsed and unresponsive athlete is a strong indicator the athlete is not experiencing a cardiac arrest

Every collapsed and unresponsive athlete should be treated as having a cardiac arrest until a noncardiac cause is determined or the athlete becomes responsive

While viewing your social media accounts you see a photo of an athlete receiving medical care in the athletic training clinic where you work. The photo, posted by the athlete's teammate, clearly shows the athlete and her injury along with the caption "It's just a first-degree sprain." As the team's athletic trainer, what should you document in the patient's medical records? - Screenshot of the social media posting and explanation of the treatment being provided to the patient - Screenshot of the social media posting along with your posted replies explaining why the injury was diagnosed as a first-degree sprain - Explanation of the social media posting and a summary of the discussion you had with the teammate regarding taking down or deleting the photo and post - Explanation of the social media posting and a copy of the e-mail you sent to all members of the team reminding them not to take photos in the athletic training clinic

Explanation of the social media posting and a summary of the discussion you had with the teammate regarding taking down or deleting the photo and post

Which branch of the federal government approves and regulates the use of many therapeutic modalities? - Underwriters Laboratories - National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment - Federal Trade Commission - Food and Drug Administration - American Physical Therapy Association

Food and Drug Administration

Your patient presents with a history of three right ankle sprains over the past 18 months. What patient-reported outcome measure is the best tool to objectively and reliably rate your patient's lower extremity function during activities of daily living and sports activities? - Ottawa Ankle Rules - Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire - Foot and Ankle Ability Measure - Oswestry Disability Index

Foot and Ankle Ability Measure

In the first 3 months as a graduate assistant, a newly certified athletic trainer received daily specific instructions from the head athletic trainer about the tasks to be completed as the head athletic trainer observed the graduate assistant's performance. At the start of his second year as a graduate assistant, the athletic trainer routinely independently and proficiently completes all of his tasks and responsibilities with little, if any, input from the head athletic trainer. From, and to, which situational leadership model did the head athletic trainer progress? - From directing to delegating - From coaching to supporting - From supporting to delegating - From directing to supporting

From directing to delegating

You are assessing shoulder flexion range of motion using a goniometer with the patient in a supine position. Which if the following indicates appropriate positioning of the goniometer? - Fulcrum: lateral to the acromion process; stationary arm: parallel to the length of the torso; moving arm: midline of the anterior humerus - Fulcrum: lateral to the acromion process; stationary arm: parallel to the thorax; moving arm: midline of the lateral humerus - Fulcrum: lateral to the olecranon process; stationary arm: parallel to the table top; moving arm: centered on the long axis of the ulna - Fulcrum: anterior to the acromion process; stationary arm: parallel to the long axis of the thorax; moving arm: centered over the midline of the anterior humerus

Fulcrum: lateral to the acromion process; stationary arm: parallel to the thorax; moving arm: midline of the lateral humerus

Which type of exercises immediately precede performance-specific exercises in the rehabilitation progression? - Straight plane strengthening exercises - Range of motion exercises - Functional exercises - isokinetic exercises

Functional exercises

A runner who is trying to improve the quality of her carbohydrate intake asks you to explain the fiber information on the two energy bars she is comparing so she can make an educated choice. Which statement is correct? - Soluble (high-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that increases fecal bulk and acts as a laxative speeding up the movement of foo through the digestive system - Insoluble (low-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that slows gastric emptying, increases the feeling of fullness, and may aid in decreasing blood cholesterol levels - Functional fiber is nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods - A food label stating it is "high fiber" food means one serving of the product contains the recommended daily allowance of fiber

Functional fiber is nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods

An athlete sustains a compound fracture of the middle third of the right tibia. In an initial attempt to control the bleeding, which of the following techniques would be the most effective and appropriate? - Elevate the leg above the level of the heart to slow the bleeding - Gently apply sterile gauze over the wound and apply digital pressure over the femoral artery - Apply sterile gauze and direct pressure over the fracture site - Apply a tourniquet just above the knee - Gently apply sterile gauze over the wound and apply pressure at the dorsal pedal pressure point

Gently apply sterile gauze over the wound and apply digital pressure over the femoral artery

You are using intermittent compression to treat postacute edema following a knee injury sustained by your starting point guard. Which of the following assessment techniques will provide the best determination of the efficacy of your treatment? - Volumetric measurements - Isokinetic strength measurements - Girth measurements - Goniometric measurements - Pain assessment scale

Girth measurements

When assessing your patient's anterior glenohumeral (GH) joint play using the load and shift technique, you note that the humeral head translates over the glenoid rim, but the head spontaneously reduces. Using the three-point grading scale for load and shift testing, how should you document your findings? - Trace (0) - Grade I - Grade II - Grade III

Grade II

From your pretreatment assessment you determine your patient is still unable to achieve full glenohumeral joint abduction with his involved shoulder compared with his contralateral shoulder. His range is limited by capsular and connective tissue stretches in the absence of pain. Which of the following treatment techniques can best address this patient's short-term goal of increasing glenohumeral joint abduction? - Grade I superior glides of the humerus - Grade II inferior glides of the humerus - Grade III superior glides of the humerus - Grade III inferior glides of the humerus

Grade III inferior glides of the humerus

When assessing pain in a pediatric athlete, which type of pain scale is most effective? - Numeric pain scale - Visual analog scale - Happy face scale - Animal scale

Happy face scale

This viral condition, although more commonly occurring in adults, can develop in people of any age. It manifests with a vesicular rash that follows the track of one or more sensory nerve roots giving rise to unilateral body patterns that follow a specific dermatome. Patients with this condition present with severe pain and paresthesia along with the rash. What viral condition matches this description? - Varicella - Herpes zoster - Herpes simplex - Hepatitis B

Herpes zoster

From which secondary injury should a wrestler who has sustained repetitive severe anterior thigh trauma be protected during subsequent practices and matches? - Osteomyelitis - Osteochondritis dissecans - Rhabdomyolysis - Myokymia - Heterotopic ossification

Heterotopic ossification

A university is in the design phase of a new athletics facility that will include a new sports medicine facility. Which of the following pieces of data would assist the design team in determining the size and layout needs for the new facility? - Hourly client and services log - Relationship chart - Bubble diagram - Schematic drawing

Hourly client and services log

While carrying the football in a run for the goal line, a football player is tackled and lands on the ball. On the sideline the player complains of palpable pain where the rib meets the cartilage and sharp pain with any trunk movements. He is having difficulty breathing and feels the rib may be making a crepitus noise each time he takes a breath. How is this condition best managed? - Immobilization using a sling for the shoulder complex on the affected side and avoid strenuous activity for 1 to 2 months - Immobilization using a sling for the shoulder complex on the affected side and avoid strenuous activity until symptoms eliminated - Immobilization using a rib brace and avoid strenuous activity until symptoms eliminated - Immobilization using a rib brace, avoid strenuous activity for 7 to 10 days, and then progress back to activity over the next 5 to 7 days

Immobilization using a rib brace and avoid strenuous activity until symptoms eliminated

You see a high school athlete for the first time 3 days after he has sustained a medial collateral ligament sprain. After conducting a comprehensive medical history and physical examination you sit down with the athlete and his family to set his short-term and long-term treatment goals. Which of the following is an example of a short-term goal? - The patient will be pain-free in 1 week - In 1 week the patient's joint effusion will decrease by 1 cm when measured at midpatella - The patient will return to playing football in 3 weeks - For the next week the patient will bring a positive mental attitude to each treatment session

In 1 week the patient's joint effusion will decrease by 1 cm when measured at midpatella

Goal setting, particularly setting short-term goals, has been shown to be an effective strategy in helping patients motivate themselves to comply with a potentially extensive treatment and/or rehabilitation program. Which of the following short-term goals demonstrates effective goal setting? - Increase active knee flexion from 20 degrees to 30 degrees in 10 days - For the next three treatment sessions, maintain focus during 90% of the session - Increase exercise intensity by applying 100% effort for at least three quarters of the exercises completed in the next 5 days - Decrease episodes of negative and doubting self-talk by 50% in 7 days

Increase active knee flexion from 20 degrees to 30 degrees in 10 days

Which recommendation should you make to an athlete who is taking a narcotic analgesic prescribed for postoperative knee pain? - Increase fluid and fiber intake - Minimize intake of dairy products - Finish the entire prescription - Minimize sun exposure, and use a high SPF sunscreen when in the sun - Use alternative forms of contraception if currently taking birth control pills

Increase fluid and fiber intake

Two days after sustaining a knee hyperextension injury running to first base, a baseball player presents with mild joint swelling, pain with joint movement, inability to bear weight, and limited joint motion. Which of the following is a well-structured and appropriate short-term treatment goal for this patient? - Instruct patient on partial weight-bearing gait - Work on increasing strength within pain-free range of motion - Increase knee joint flexion from 90 degrees to 120 degrees - Use therapeutic modalities two times daily to decrease pain and swelling

Increase knee joint flexion from 90 degrees to 120 degrees

Which of the following responses are associated with the reflexive effects of therapeutic massage? - Elimination of toxins, sedation, and shift in acid-base equilibrium of blood - Increased capillary permeability, pain control, and no significant alterations in general metabolism - Decreased cellular metabolism, increased dispersion of waste products, and release of beta-endorphins and enkephalins - Increased fibroplasia, increase in blood volume and blood flow, and increase in tissue temperature - Central pooling of blood, decreased resting heart rate, and retardation of muscle atrophy

Increased capillary permeability, pain control, and no significant alterations in general metabolism

A member of your college tennis team fails to report to practice. When you finally reach this athlete by phone she tells you that she felt very ill this morning and was seen by a physician at the college's student health services. She tells you that the physician gave her a prescription for Relenza and instructed her to rest and intake plenty of fluids for the next few days. He also told her to take analgesics for any muscle soreness she may experience as well as any other over-the-counter medications needed for her symptoms. For which of the following conditions is the previously described treatment most often prescribed? - Strep throat - Sinusitis - Influenza - Pneumonia - Mononucleosis

Influenza

In athletes, which of the following is considered the primary cause of iron-deficiency anemia? - Elevated hemoglobin level - Insufficient dietary iron intake - Loss of iron due to chronic heel strike - Chronic vegetarian diet

Insufficient dietary iron intake

A hospital has hired you to provide outreach coverage by directing the healthcare for a local recreation department that organizes youth sports leagues for 10 different sports. What resource might provide you with recommendations for implementation of care based on evidence-based principles? - Meeting with the hospital's legal team - Gathering together pediatricians in the area to discuss required area - National Recreation and Parks Administration - Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best-Practice Recommendations for Youth Sports Leagues

Inter-Association Consensus Statement on Best-Practice Recommendations for Youth Sports Leagues

What type of approach is recommended for managing psychological concerns at the secondary school level? - Interdisciplinary team to include the athletic trainer, team physician, school nurse, school counselor, and local mental health professionals - As high school athletes are minors, parents must be called first and allowed to manage the care of the athlete - Team physician must be consulted on every situation that involves a secondary school athlete - An athletic trainer should be well versed on the state laws and direct the care of the athlete

Interdisciplinary team to include the athletic trainer, team physician, school nurse, school counselor, and local mental health professionals

Which of the following methods would allow a sports medicine staff to evaluate the effectiveness of their anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation protocol over the past 5 years? - Internal chart audit - Statistical injury summary - Client survey - Critical incident report

Internal chart audit

Which statement best describes the pressures present during inhalation? - Atmospheric pressure is lower than intrapleural pressure - Intra-alveolar pressure is lower than intrapleural pressure - Intra-alveolar pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure - Intra-alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure - Intrapleural pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

Intra-alveolar pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure

The classic mechanism of injury for a medical collateral ligament sprain of the knee is valgus stress with external tibial rotation. When this force occurs, what other injurious force may occur simultaneously? - Medical meniscus sustains compressive forces - Iliotibial band sustains tensile forces - Lateral meniscus sustains compressive forces - Popliteus muscle sustains tensile forces - Posterior cruciate ligament sustains compressive forces

Lateral meniscus sustains compressive forces

A football player sustains an acute cervical spine injury during a game. The emergency action plan (EAP) is activated, and the athlete is spine boarded for transport to an emergency medical facility for evaluation and treatment. On arrival the emergency medical services (EMS) provider asks which local hospital you would like to use. Which of the following facilities would provide the medical professionals that are best equipped to manage this injury from evaluation through the treatment and rehabilitation process? - Level I trauma center - Level II trauma center - Level III trauma center - Level IV trauma center - Level V trauma center

Level I trauma center

An athlete limps into the athletic training room complaining of acute pain in his right hamstring muscle. He states that he was completing sprinting drills as part of his conditioning program, and as he extended his stride and increased his speed, he felt immediate pain and a tearing sensation in his hamstring in the areas of the musculotendinous junction. Based on the athlete's subjective report, how would you classify the mechanism of injury? - Microtrauma - Biomechanical insufficiency - Macrotrauma - Muscular imbalance

Macrotrauma

What is the primary goal when providing emergency care? - Maintain cardiovascular function and, indirectly, central nervous system function - Maintain central nervous system function and, indirectly, respiratory system integrity - Maintain adequate blood supply and, indirectly, brain function - Maintain breathing and, indirectly, central nervous system function - Maintain visceral organs and, indirectly, peripheral function

Maintain cardiovascular function and, indirectly, central nervous system function

An athletic trainer is applying for a commercial construction loan to build a private sports medicine clinic. The bank has requested a business plan. As part of the documentation, the bank has requested data related to the clinic's advantages relative to the competition, pricing structure, and marketing plan. How is this portion of the business plan characterized? - Capital campaign analysis - SWOT analysis - Market analysis - Endowment analysis

Market analysis

You have been informed that one of your lacrosse players has modified his shoulder pads to make them more comfortable. What action should you take? - No action is necessary as long as the athlete is comfortable - Meet the athlete and explain that modifying equipment in any way may limit its protective ability and will invalidate the manufacturer's warranty - Notify the coach that the player should be withheld from activity until the equipment modification is addressed - Inspect the equipment in question and as long as the athlete is protected no additional action is necessary

Meet the athlete and explain that modifying equipment in any way may limit its protective ability and will invalidate the manufacturer's warranty

During a triathlon, the athletes have completed the swimming leg and are on the cycling segment. The ambient air temperature is 55 degrees Fahrenheit, and the wind is steady at 15 mph. An athlete has difficulty and cannot continue riding. During your evaluation, you notice the athlete is disoriented and lethargic, has garbled speech, and has a core temperature of 95 degrees Fahrenheit. The athlete's respirations are shallow, and the heart rate is notably slow. What would be the appropriate initial treatment for this athlete? - Cover the athlete with cool, damp towels and send for emergency assistance - Administer a warm IV saline solution and prepare for immediate transport - Move the athlete to a sheltered area, remove wet clothing, wrap the athlete in a warm blanket, and administer warm fluids - Position the athlete on a table with feet elevated, cover with a blanket, and monitor for shock - Move the athlete to a sheltered area, administer cool fluids, and prepare the athlete for transportation

Move the athlete to a sheltered area, remove wet clothing, wrap the athlete in a warm blanket, and administer warm fluids

In what way does level of acclimatization impact recommendations for activity as the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index increases? - Activity recommendations remain the same regardless of levels of acclimatization - As the WGBT index increases the recommended work/rest ratio decreases, but water intake remains static for acclimatized individuals - Water intake recommendations increase for unacclimatized individuals, but the work/rest ratio remains the same for both groups - Nonacclimatized individuals are at risk of heat illness with extreme exertion even at low WGBT levels (< 78.0 degrees Farhenheit)

Nonacclimatized individuals are at risk of heat illness with extreme exertion even at low WGBT levels (< 78.0 degrees Fahrenheit)

Which of the following acute conditions would be most appropriately referred to a primary care sports medicine physician for evaluation and treatment? - Nondisplaced nasal fracture - Traumatic hyphema - Avulsed tooth - Scapholunate dislocation - Acute appendicitis

Nondisplaced nasal fracture

A freshman field hockey player reports to your athletic training clinic Tuesday morning requesting you take her temperature. She tells you she has been feeling really hot since she woke up at 6 a.m. and the headache that started at that time is worsening. You obtain an oral assessment of her body temperature, which is 102 degrees Fahrenheit, but you do not gather a medical history or conduct a physical examination. You suggest some over-the-counter symptom relief medication and recommend she increase fluid intake an get rest. You also suggest she return to her dorm room and to contact her academic advisor so her professors will know why she is not in class today. The next day you learn the athlete was transported to the emergency department at the local hospital where she was diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. If you are sued by the athlete and her family, what is the basis of the tort of negligence? - Malfeasance - Misfeasance - Nonfeasance - Disfeasance

Nonfeasance

What is the most important consideration when determining necessary square footage for a new athletic training room? - Scope of the athletic training program and number of athletes - Number of staff athletic trainers and existence of accredited undergraduate program - Number of teams to be served and expected number of injuries for those sports - Location and size of the current facility - Construction budget and extent of administrative support

Number of teams to be served and expected number of injuries for those sports

An 18-year-old basketball player fell on his outstretched hand during a practice session. Examination by his physician and subsequent radiographic evaluations resulted in the diagnosis of a scaphoid fracture, Based on the location of the fracture, the physician is worried about impaired circulation and the potential for development of Preiser's disease. What is Preiser's disease? - Chronic instability of the scaphoid - A deformity that results when the fracture fragment displaces - Osteoporosis of the scaphoid - Exostosis of the scaphoid

Osteoporosis of the scaphoid

When evaluating an athlete's facial injury, you observe that the athlete is unable to look upward toward the ceiling. Which of the following conditions would you suspect? - Orbital blow-out fracture with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle - Orbital blow-out fracture with entrapment of the superior rectus muscle - Ruptured globe with spontaneous rupture of the inferior rectus muscle - Ruptured globe with spontaneous rupture of the buccinator muscle - Orbital blow-out fracture with entrapment of the infraorbital nerve

Orbital blow-out fracture with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle

A 12-year-old basketball camper reports anterior knee pain focused at the inferior insertion of the patellar tendon. What apophyseal injury should you suspect? - Sever's disease - Osgood-Schlatter disease - Salter-Harris II fracture - Larsen-Johansson disease - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease

You are evaluating an adolescent athlete complaining of anterior knee pain at the insertion of the patellar tendon on the tibial tuberosity. You observe a bony deformity at the tibial tuberosity. Pain is exacerbated with eccentric loading of the tendon when landing from jumping and descending stairs. What condition do you suspect? - Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease - Synovial plica - Osgood-Schlatter disease - Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Osgood-Schlatter disease

During discussions with an athlete who is contemplating undergoing lateral ankle reconstruction for chronic ankle instability, which of the following is the most important long-term consequence that should be brought to the athlete's attention if surgery is not chosen? - Osteoarthritis - Talar fracture - Joint contracture - Tendinosis - Subluxing peroneal tendon

Osteoarthritis

An athlete requests a referral to a local physician for general routine preventative care. The athletes notes that she would prefer a provider who takes a holistic approach to patient care and is open to a variety of treatment techniques, including movement, rather than solely pharmacologic treatment. Based on professional training and philosophy, which of the following providers might be the best choice for this athlete? - Physician's assistant - Internist - Pediatrician - Osteopath

Osteopath

Often athletic trainers need to refer facial injuries to an appropriate health-care provider for further evaluation. Using the table, assign each injury to the most appropriate health-care provider. (Otolaryngologist, Ophthalmologist, Maxillofacial Surgeon, Dentist) A: Traumatic hyphema B: Corneal abrasion C: Mandible fracture D: Nasal fracture E: Complicated crown fracture F: Lip laceration through the vermilion border G: Ruptured tympanic membrane H: Skull fracture

Otolaryngologist: G, D Ophthalmologist: A, B Maxillofacial Surgeon: C, F, H Dentist: E

With the patient seated and cervical spine laterally flexed to his left side, the examiner places one hand on the right side of the patient's head and the other over the patient's ipsilateral acromioclavicular (AC) joint. The examiner applies force to laterally bend the head while depressing the shoulder. The patient reports paresthesia symptoms throughout his right upper extremity. What are the clinical implications of this test outcome? - Outcome is consistent with stretching of the brachial plexus - Outcome is consistent with left side thoracic outlet syndrome - Outcome is consistent with compression of the cervical nerve roots between two vertebrae - Outcome is consistent with right side thoracic outlet syndrome

Outcome is consistent with compression of the cervical nerve roots between two vertebrae

When evaluating a visibly upset child with an acute ankle injury, which of the following palpation schemes would be most appropriate? - Palpate the contralateral side first, and then palpate the injured ankle with light pressure beginning away from the injury - Palpate the contralateral side first, and then palpate the injured ankle beginning at the injury site and working away using light pressure - Palpate the injured side first, beginning away from the injury with light pressure, working toward the injured site; then palpate the contralateral side only as needed for comparison - Palpate the injured side first, beginning at the injury site with light pressure, working away from the injury; then palpate the contralateral side only as needed for comparison - Palpate only the structures on the involved limb necessary to gather information

Palpate the contralateral side first, and then palpate the injured ankle with light pressure beginning away from the injury

Which emergency medical services (EMS) provider has training and authority to provide advanced airway support, perform invasive procedures such as IV placement, and administer medication under the supervision of a physician as part of his or her scope of practice? - Paramedic - Emergency medical technician - Basic life support provider - Emergency medical responder

Paramedic

You are coordinating medical care for a large road race that includes 5k, 10k, and half-marathon events. What key educational information should be included in participant guidelines regarding fluid replacement? - Participants should be encouraged to drink as much as possible in the 48 hours leading up to the race - Participants should be encouraged to drink fluids at every water station on the course - Participants should be provided with a copy of the event safety plan and locations of every water station - Participants should be provided with strategies to avoid overconsumption of water and dehydration

Participants should be provided with strategies to avoid overconsumption of water and dehydration

During a thunderstorm, lightning strikes a power pole, resulting in a live power line falling onto an outfield chainlink fence. After the storm passes, the coaches go out to assess the damage. One of the coaches inadvertently touches the fence, receives an electrical shock, and collapses several feet away from the fence. What is the first step you should take to care for the injured coach? - Perform a primary survey - Call the power company to have the electricity shut off - Move the coach off the wet grass and onto a dry blanket - Activate emergency medical services (EMS), and do not touch the victim to protect yourself - Use a wooden bat to see if the coach is still carrying a charge

Perform a primary survey

A women's basketball player has a history of lateral ankle sprains resulting in ligamentous laxity and functional instability. Which muscles should be the focus of a program to reestablish proprioception and neuromuscular control for this athlete? - Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior - Tibialis anterior and flexor hallucis longus - Gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior - Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis - Extensor hallucis longus and posterior tibialis

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis

An emergency action plan (EAP) pocket emergency card can assist sports medicine health-care professionals in the event of a medical emergency. In addition to the venue's EAP, what information should be printed on a pocket emergency card to aid in the timely referral of a seriously injured or ill athlete? - Parent or guardian name and contact information for each participating athlete - Pertinent medical information of each participating athlete - Class schedule with teacher contact information for each participating athlete - Medical insurance information for each participating athlete

Pertinent medical information of each participating athlete

Which four palpable bony prominences define the carpal tunnel? - Radial styloid, navicular, ulnar styloid, and hook of the hamate - Radial styloid, base of the first metacarpal, base of the fifth metacarpal, and ulnar styloid - Pisiform, tubercle of the navicular, hook of the hamate, and tubercle of the trapezium - Tubercle of the navicular, lunate, pisiform, and ulnar styloid - Lister's tubercle, tubercle of the trapezium, capitate, and base of the fifth metacarpal

Pisiform, tubercle of the navicular, hook of the hamate, and tubercle of the trapezium

Mouth-formed mouth guards are one category of mouth guards. What action should be followed when fitting a mouth-formed mouth guard? - Submerge the mouth guard in boiling water for at least 5 minutes - Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch - With the heated guard in the mouth, bring the upper and lower jaw together to gently bite into the guard to imprint teeth pattern - After the mouth guard is formed, cut the posterior ends and trim the edges next to the gums as much as needed for comfort

Place the heated guard into the mouth, press the lips together to create a seal, and suck the guard against the upper arch

For the past 2 weeks you have been treating your patient's posterior knee pain with sensory level electrical stimulation and superficial moist heat packs. After reviewing the patient's last five post-treatment assessments and visual analog scale for pain and data and noting no clinically significant decrease in pain, you change this patient's electrical stimulation to a subsensory treatment technique but continue with the simultaneous moist heat application. After the treatment the patient compliments you on changing the treatment, as her pain is much lower than it has been after previous treatments. However, when removing the patient's electrodes you realize you forgot to start the electrical current and the patient was not provided any electrical current. What explains the patient's sense of decreased post-treatment pain in the absence of any electrical current? - Sensory interference effect - Placebo effect - Thermal effect - Cognitive override effect

Placebo effect

You are treating a patient with chronic tendinopathy that is not responding to typical conservative treatment. In discussions with your team physician, you determine that it may be effective to increase the inflammatory reaction to enhance the healing process. Which of the following therapeutic interventions would meet this goal? - Prolotherapy - Corticosteroid injection - Electrical stimulation - Immobilization

Prolotherapy

To improve patient outcomes, an athletic trainer in a rural county may need to educate facility administrators and medical staff at local emergency care facilities in which of the following areas, as the information may not be part of their standard education program? - Management of heat-related illness - Proper removal of athletic equipment - Management of concussion - Splinting and immobilization techniques

Proper removal of athletic equipment

During the remodeling phase of the healing process, which nutrients are most important to facilitate healing? - High-quality carbohydrates and vitamin K - Proteins and vitamin C - Healthy fats and vitamin E - Omega-3 fatty acids and iron

Proteins and vitamin C

As the athletic trainer at a small, rural high school, your budget does not provide for heart rate monitors. Which of the following would best assist you in ensuring that an athlete who is completing a cardiovascular training program on a bicycle is staying within the aerobic training zone? - Sweat rate - Fluid consumption - Rating of perceived exertion - Peak flow

Rating of perceived exertion

Which of the following actions might be taken following the completion of a workplace ergonomic assessment? - A list of employee requests for new equipment will be provided to the administrator - Recommendations for strengthening exercises, stretches, and rest breaks will be provided to the employee - A comprehensive intensive therapy program is conducted for a week during the employee's normal work hours - An injury-specific rehabilitation program is provided 3 or 4 days a week for 3 weeks

Recommendations for strengthening exercises, stretches, and rest breaks will be provided to the employee

Malingerers can be challenging patients, so clinicians need to understand their reasons for malingering, such as fear of returning to activity, gaining attention, having an excuse to not participate, and receiving financial compensation without working or participating. What actions should a clinician take to encourage a malingering patient to participate in a rehabilitation program to aid recovery to optimal function? - Welcome the patient to the rehabilitation session and let the patient know how much you value the time you get to spend with him or her - Record the patient's specific rehabilitation goals and progress toward those goals - Ask the patient's family, friends, and teammates to treat the patient special, providing sympathy and compassion - Excuse and do not bring attention to the patient's poor attitude or behavior

Record the patient's specific rehabilitation goals and progress toward those goals

A factory worker presents with signs and symptoms consistent with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome, which is likely due to the repetitiveness of his work tasks. What is the most effective means of quantifying the degree of this patient's median nerve compression? - Refer the patient to a neurologist for an electroencephalogram - Refer the patient to an occupational therapist for manual muscle testing - Refer the patient to a physiatrist for a nerve conduction study and electromyography - Refer the patient to a radiologist for a computed tomography scan with contrast dye

Refer the patient to a physiatrist for a nerve conduction study and electromyography

A cross country runner is being treated for iliotibial (IT) band friction syndrome. The clinician has been treating the athlete with deep tissue massage to relieve adhesions along the tensor fascia latae and IT band. What directions should be given to the athlete to maintain the effects of treatment? - Ice massage for 15 minutes after every workout to decrease inflammation - Roll from knee to thigh on the foam roller rolling back and forth over areas that are most tender and restricted - Sleep side lying with affected side up and a bolster underneath the hip to provide sustained stretch to the tensor fascia latae - Perform isometric hip abduction exercises, holding each for 6 to 10 seconds using a wall or table leg for resistance

Roll from knee to thigh on the foam roller rolling back and forth over areas that are most tender and restricted

Which of the following groups of muscles insert into the medial aspect of the tibia just distal to the medial condyle? - Vastus medialis, gracilis, and semimembranosus - Semitendinosus, sartorius, and vastus medialis - Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus - Sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus - Sartorius, gracilis, semimembranosus

Sartorius, gracilis, semimembranosus

When completing a rehabilitation program following arthroscopic repair for anterior shoulder instability, what must be present before an athlete can progress to functional activities that place the arm above shoulder level? - Scapular stability - Full range of motion - Strength with normal limits - Pain-free capsular motion with joint mobilizations in all directions

Scapular stability

A freshman tennis player from Florida moves to Seattle, Washington, to attend college. The athlete comes to see you in February complaining of malaise, fatigue, difficulty paying attention in class, and feeling sleepy especially in the afternoon. She notes the symptoms have gotten worse as the school year has gone on, but have been particularly bad since December. What condition would you suspect? - Adjustment disorder - Clinical depression - Anxiety - Seasonal affective disorder

Seasonal affective disorder

Which type of arthrokinematic motion is described as one point on the surface of a joint coming into contact with new points on the opposite joint surface? - Roll - Spin - Slide - Rock

Slide

When assessing passive joint range of motion of a symptomatic elbow, you note the patient's extension range ends sooner than usually and earlier than in the contralateral limb. This abnormal end of the patient's passive extension feels boggy. How is this abnormal end-feel defined? - Empty - Soft - Firm - Hard

Soft

While completing a ligamentous stress test, the examiner notes increased movement of the joint surfaces on one another and a sense of some joint opening compared with the contralateral side. How might the examiner describe the end-feel when documenting the evaluation? - Soft end-feel - Firm end-feel - Empty end-feel - Normal end-feel

Soft end-feel

A football lineman is returning to practice and competition 1 week following an ulnar collateral ligament injury in his thumb. Which material would best meet the treatment goals of immobilization and support without violating sport rules? - Fiberglass cast tape - Soft fiberglass cast tape - Plaster cast material - Thermoplastic material - 1 1/2 in. white tape

Soft fiberglass cast tape

An athlete diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) tells you she is upset because the physician told her that her infection must be reported to the public health authorities. What should be communicated to this athlete? - Certain infectious diseases are reported so that pharmaceutical companies can target distribution efforts to geographical areas - Some infectious conditions are reported to protect the public from an outbreak of the disease - Certain infectious diseases are reported to encourage patients to improve personal hygiene and incorporate safe-sex practices - Some infectious conditions are reported so that hospitals can make decisions for allocating funding for health-care personnel

Some infectious conditions are reported to protect the public from an outbreak of the disease

Which of the following types of splints is recommended for immobilization of a suspected pelvis fracture? - Spine board - Long leg vacuum splint - Traction splint - Long leg air splint with a rigid SAM Splint extension

Spine board

A female athlete presents complaining of left lower quadrant tenderness and pain and referred pain in the shoulders. The athlete reports absence of her menstrual cycle for the past 3 months, which she attributes to an increase in training intensity. Which of the following conditions should be ruled out? - Diverticulitis, gallstones, and ovarian cyst - Ectopic pregnancy, urinary tract infection, and hepatitis - Cholecystitis, spleen injury, and irritable bowel syndrome - Colitis, sexually transmitted disease, and pancreatitis - Spleen injury, ovarian cyst, and ectopic pregnancy

Spleen injury, ovarian cyst, and ectopic pregnancy

In the initial stages of infectious mononucleosis, the patient may present with fatigue, pharyngitis, fever, lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis, jaundice, and a maculopapular rash. In approximately 50% of patients with infectious mononucleosis, what develops in the second or third week of the disease? - Hepatomegaly - Strep throat - Splenomegaly - Guillain-Barre syndrome

Splenomegaly

An athletic trainer has recently relocated to a state that does not have specific state credentialing rules or a state practice act. What document should the athletic trainer consult to maintain compliance with appropriate practice in the state? - Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) Standards of Professional Practice - National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Code of Ethics - State Medical Practice Act - BOC Certification Guidelines

State Medical Practice Act

Which of the following statements is true regarding selection of tape size and type? - Elastic adhesive tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strength - Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension - Large-width tape is used for bodily areas requiring high tensile strengths - The more acute the angles required, the wider the tape must be to fit the contours - Elastic tape is used for joints that do not expand with motion

Tape is qualified based on the grade of backing, the quality of adhesive mass, and the winding tension

You suspect that a swimmer may be experiencing symptoms of overtraining. Which of the following situations is a significant indicator of overtraining? - The athlete demonstrates increased whole-body muscle tone - The athlete complains of being easily agitated - The athlete reports increased urinary output - The athlete's blood pressure is below preparticipation baseline - The athlete's resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline

The athlete's resting heart rate is elevated above preparticipation baseline

A recently release position statement recommendation carries a Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) and a Strength Of Evidence Taxonomy (SORT) rating of "A." How would a clinician best apply this recommendation? - The clinician should attempt to apply this recommendation into clinical practice, as it carries a high degree of evidence - The clinician should evaluate how the recommendation might fit in with current clinical practice, as it carries a moderate level of evidence - The clinician should carefully consider how this recommendation might fit in with current clinical practice, as it carries weak or conflicting evidence - The clinician would not want to immediately apply this to clinical practice, as it carries insufficient evidence to make a recommendation

The clinician should attempt to apply this recommendation into clinical practice, as it carries a high degree of evidence

When assessing a patient's blood pressure, how much should the cuff be inflated? - The cuff should be inflated 5 to 10 mm Hg above the patient's normal systolic measurement - The cuff should be inflated to a minimum of 200 mm Hg - The cuff should be inflated 15 to 20 mm Hg above the point at which the last Korotkoff sound is heard - The cuff should be inflated 15 to 20 mm Hg above the point at which the first Korotkoff sound is heard

The cuff should be inflated 15 to 20 mm Hg above the point at which the last Korotkoff sound is heard

Which of the following best defines hysteresis as it relates to stretching? - The inability of tissue to completely respond to successive load application forces, resulting in tissue elongation - The ability of tissue to return to its normal length following application of successive load forces - The inability of tissue to resist a load, resulting in the tissue's yield point being exceeded - The ability of tissue to receive and respond to successive stimuli, resulting in tissue and joint stabilization - The inability of tissue mechanoreceptors to sense and respond to changes in tissue length and tension

The inability of tissue to completely respond to successive load application forces, resulting in tissue elongation

What is the most professionally productive relationship between a coach and your school's team physician? - There should be mutual respect and awe between the two - There should be mutual admiration along with a healthy degree of suspicion between the two - There should be mutual confidence and trust between the two - There should be mutual professional courtesy along with some skepticism between the two

There should be mutual confidence and trust between the two

Assessment of a 45-year-old woman who began experiencing light-headedness during a tennis match reveals a heart rate of 155 beats/min. How would you describe this heart rate to emergency medical services (EMS) personnel when they arrive on the scene? - The patient is demonstrating normal pulse rate for her age, gender, and activity level - The patient is demonstrating supraventricular tachycardia - The patient is demonstrating tachycardia but this will likely go down at the next assessment because she just stopped playing - The patient is demonstrating bradycardia that is consistent with the stimulant medication she is currently taking

The patient is demonstrating supraventricular tachycardia

You are evaluating an athlete who has sustained a significant inversion and plantar flexion injurious force to his ankle approximately 24 hours prior. To determine if this patient should be referred for ankle radiographs, you employ the Ottawa Ankle Rules. According to the Ottawa Ankle Rules, what is a criterion for ankle joint radiographic referral? - The patient presents with palpable pain over the proximal one third of the fibula - The patient is unable to walk without pain both immediately following the injury and at the time of the examination - The patient presents with palpable pain over the base of the fifth metatarsal or the navicular - The patient presents with palpable pain over the posterior edge, tip, or midline of the medial malleolus

The patient presents with palpable pain over the posterior edge, tip, or midline of the medial malleolus

You are progressing your patient through a treatment and rehabilitation program for an ankle injury. For today's treatment session you are initiating a warm whirlpool treatment. Your patient asks why you have replaced his cold modality treatment with a warm whirlpool treatment. Which of the following explains your clinical reasoning for making this treatment change? - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is stuck in the inflammation phase of tissue healing, so heat modalities are indicated to control the rate of active inflammation - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the proliferation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage tissue remodeling and alignment along the lines of functional stress - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the proliferation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage repair and replacement of damaged tissues - The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the maturation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage the repair and replacement of damaged tissues

The patient's signs and symptoms indicate he is entering the proliferation stage of tissue healing where the goal of treatment is to encourage repair and replacement of damaged tissues

Which of the following statements best describes the difference in the rehabilitation protocol for surgical repair of an acute shoulder dislocation compared with an acute dislocation without surgical repair? - The rehabilitation protocols are basically the same with longer immobilization and protection of healing tissues in the surgically repaired shoulder - The rehabilitation protocol for a shoulder without surgical repair is longer because the tissues are not as closely approximated as they are in a surgical repair - There are no motion restrictions with nonsurgical treatment of an acute dislocation, whereas sling and extended immobilization are required for up to 8 weeks following surgical repair - Active stretching can be initiated at 3 to 4 weeks in a surgically repaired shoulder compared with 6 to 8 weeks in a shoulder without surgical repair

The rehabilitation protocols are basically the same with longer immobilization and protection of healing tissues in the surgically repaired shoulder

Which of the following is a major advantage of using isokinetic resistance exercise in a rehabilitation plan? - A constant amount of resistance delivered through the full range of motion - The ability to work through a full unrestricted range of motion - Enhanced hyperplasia of muscle fibers compared with other types of resistance training - Decreased lactic acid accumulation during a period of exercise - The safety of the exercise because the resistance will not exceed the amount of force this patient can produce

The safety of the exercise because the resistance will not exceed the amount of force this patient can produce

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the apprehension test for anterior glenohumeral laxity? - Patient is supine, sitting, or standing, and the glenohumeral joint is abducted to 90 degrees and the elbow is flexed at 10 degrees - While supporting the humerus at 90 degrees of abduction the examiner passively internally rotates the glenohumeral joint by applying pressure to the forearm - The test should be considered positive if the subject displays apprehension that the shoulder may dislocate and resists further movement - Apprehension along with pain that is centered in the anterior capsule of the glenohumeral (GH) joint may be associated with internal impingement

The test should be considered positive if the subject displays apprehension that the shoulder may dislocate and resists further movement

With respect to therapeutic ultrasound, what is the stretching window? - Minimal number of minutes that tissue should be stretched following an ultrasound treatment - Theoretical time interval between cessation of an ultrasound treatment and initiation of a stretching protocol - Minimal number of minutes between onset of ultrasound treatment and achievement of maximal tissue heating - Theoretical period following a stretching session before a second ultrasound treatment can be initiated - Theoretical period of vigorous heating when tissues will undergo the greatest extensibility and elongation

Theoretical period of vigorous heating when tissues will undergo the greatest extensibility and elongation

In patients older than 30 years of age, why is it important to minimize the period of immobilization following a rotator cuff repair? - These patients are at increased risk for adhesive capsulitis - These patients are likely to lose proprioception and neuromuscular control - These patients have greater strength deficits requiring more rehabilitation to achieve normal strength - These patients have slower surgical wound healing rates

These patients are at increased risk for adhesive capsulitis

Why is it recommended that running shoes be replaced every 350 to 500 miles? - They are no longer clean enough to meet minimum hygiene standards - They lose their shock-absorbing properties - The material covering the toe box is likely to be damaged - The sole is typically worn through

They lose their shock-absorbing properties

As part of the general medical screening, a maturity assessment is conducted using Tanner's five stages of maturity. A female athlete is assigned a stage 5 rating. How should this staging be interpreted? - This athlete is fully developed - This athlete is midway to full development, and growth plates are weaker than joint capsule and tendons - This athlete is in the stage when the fastest bone growth occurs - This athlete demonstrates no evidence of puberty

This athlete is fully developed

What is the purpose of having an athlete sign an assumption of risk statement? - To excuse the athletic trainer and coaches from responsibility when injury occurs - To acknowledge that participation in sports carries some inherent risk of injury and reinforce that the athlete is willing to take on that risk - To absolve the athletic department from any liability if the athlete is injured - To indicate understanding on the part of the athlete that equipment manufacturers cannot be held responsible in the event of an injury

To acknowledge that participation in sports carries some inherent risk of injury and reinforce that the athlete is willing to take on that risk

A standard procedure for helmet and shoulder pad removal of an athlete with a cervical spine injury can be part of a venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP). Based on current guidelines, there are two recommended techniques for stabilizing the cervical spine. Which of the following is one of those techniques? - Trap-squeeze method - Inverted-hands method - Diagonal-squeeze method - Chin-forehead method

Trap-squeeze method

Which bones will you encounter when palpating the distal row of carpal bones from the radius to the ulna? - Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform - Trapezoid, trapezium, lunate, scaphoid - Scaphoid, capitate, trapezoid, hamate - Trapezium, trapezoid, triquetral, pisiform - Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

An athlete with a functionally unstable ankle is completing a neuromuscular control rehabilitation program. Today the athlete has completed the bilateral balancing exercises on an unstable surface with visual input. Which of the following is most appropriate to follow this exercise in the progression? - One-foot balance on a rocker board with eyes open - One-foot balance on hard floor with eyes closed - One-foot balance on hard floor with eyes open and therapist providing perturbation - Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed - Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed and therapist providing perturbation

Two-foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed

When conducting a physical examination of a patient's ear using a standard otoscope, what will you observe if the patient has otitis media? - Scaling or crusting of the epithelial cells of the canal - Tympanic membrane will appear erythematous, bulging, and perhaps more opaque than normal - Absence of cerumen in the ear canal - External auditory canal will be edematous and erythematous

Tympanic membrane will appear erythematous, bulging, and perhaps more opaque than normal

A collegiate ice hockey player asks you to examine an itchy rash he has recently developed on his torso. On examination you note erythematous, scaly areas of varying sizes with clear center areas and well-defined margins. What should be included in the treatment plan to address the underlying cause of this dermatological condition? - Use of a topical antihistamine - Use of a topical antibiotic ointment - Use of a topical pediculicide shampoo - Use of a topical antifungal agent

Use of a topical antifungal agent

Which vitamin deficiency usually occurs only in neonates, persons taking certain drugs, or individuals with faulty fat absorption? - Vitamin D - Vitamin K - Vitamin B12 - Folic acid - Vitamin A

Vitamin K

In which anatomic position are the rotator cuff muscles in their optimal length-tension relationship? - With the humeral head in 90 degrees of abduction and maximal external rotation - With the glenoid fossa angled 30 degrees from the frontal plane - With the humeral head in 90 degrees of abduction - With the glenoid fossa perpendicular to the sagittal plane - With the glenoid fossa angled 10 degrees from the frontal plane and the humeral head abducted 10 degrees

With the glenoid fossa angled 30 degrees from the frontal plane

An athlete is suspected of having sustained a corneal abrasion. Which of the following questions would give you the most information to confirm your evaluative conclusion? - Are you experiencing double vision? - Do you feel as though a curtain fell over your field of vision? - When you close your eyelid, do you feel like you have something rubbing in your eye? - Have you experienced any discharge coming from your eye?

When you close your eyelid, do you feel like you have something rubbing in your eye?

While reviewing a preparticipation examination medical history, you note an athlete has indicated a previous diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchospasm. He has been using an inhaled beta-2 agonist from a metered-dose inhaler taken 15 to 30 minutes before the onset of each exercise and sport activity session. After speaking with this athlete, you think he needs education on properly using his inhaler. Which of the following should be included in the instructions you provide? - Shake inhaler for at least 45 seconds before use - Exhale through nose for 1 to 3 seconds before placing mouthpiece of inhaler in mouth - While pressing down on the metal cartridge, breathe in slowly as far as you can and then hold your breath as long as possible - Avoid drinking water or eating food for at least 15 minutes after inhalations

While pressing down on the metal cartridge, breathe in slowly as far as you can and then hold your breath as long as possible

A peak flow meter can be used to obtain a quick assessment of a patient's pulmonary function. Which of the following statements reflects correct use of a peak flow meter? - With the mouth sealed around the mouthpiece, the patient should blow out as hard and as fast as possible - The patient should be positioned supine or in semirecumbent position - Before giving the unit to the patient, slide the indicator tabs to the top of the meter - With the mouthpiece attached to the meter, instruct the patient to hold the meter just in front of his mouth as he exhales completely and then inhales as hard and fast as possible

With the mouth sealed around the mouthpiece, the patient should blow out as hard and as fast as possible

You are progressing an athlete who is recovering from a femoral stress fracture by transitioning him from non-weight-bearing activities to partial weight-bearing activities. The basis of your progression is to place controlled stresses on the bone and soft tissue, causing them to remodel and realign along the lines of tensile force. Which principle of rehabilitation is being applied? - Wolff's law - SAID principle - Watkins' progression - Oxford technique - DAPRE principle

Wolff's law

During preseason soccer training, you post urine color charts in the restrooms with specimen collection cups and request athletes to report their urine color after practice. An athlete reports a urine color of 4 based on the chart pictured. Based on these findings, how would you educate your athlete? (Image on Rozzi pg.104) - You are slightly dehydrated and should consciously consume a few extra cups of water in the next few hours after practice and over the next 24 hours - You are very well hydrated and should follow your normal hydration plan, but be sure you are also getting enough sodium and electrolytes - You are very dehydrated, and we need to review your current hydration plan to determine where additional fluids can be added - You are extremely dehydrated and need to be referred for further evaluation

You are slightly dehydrated and should consciously consume a few extra cups of water in the next few hours after practice and over the next 24 hours

If your collegiate lacrosse team is practicing at a nearby school because it has a synthetic turf field. How should you obtain a copy of the emergency action plan (EAP) for the school where you will be practicing? - You should request the EAP from the school before your first practice session - The host school is required by law to provide all facility users a copy of the EAP - The coach should request a copy of the EAP from the host school's coach - As the EAP will be posted at the practice site, you do not need to obtain a copy

You should request the EAP from the school before your first practice session

A new athletic director has been hired by your university, and in an effort to reduce cost and encourage fiscal responsibility all unit heads are being asked to provide a budget for their department that includes justification for and alternative funding sources for each expense. What type of budgeting model is the athletic director implementing? - Zero-based budget - Fixed budget - Variable budget - Performance budget

Zero-based budget

Based on recommendations in the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions, the inclusion of which routine laboratory or screening tests in the preparticipation examination for all participants is supported by current research studies? - Electrocardiography - Urinalysis - Complete blood count - Lipid profile - Heart auscultation

Heart auscultation

As part of his treatment visit, your patient was administered a 30-minute compression pump treatment. Which of the following accurately represents how this treatment should be documented using CPT codes? - 97140 (therapeutic modality)-1 unit - 97016 (compression pump)- 1 unit - 97140 (manual therapy)-2 units - 97016 (compression pump)-2 units

97016 (compression pump)-2 units

Which of the following best characterizes a simple partial epileptic seizure? - Impairment of consciousness alone or in association with purposeful movements such as automatism - A brief bout of uncontrolled shaking of the limbs on one side of the body and no loss of consciousness - A brief bout of uncontrolled shaking of the limbs bilaterally and no loss of consciousness - A brief bout of uncontrolled shaking of the limbs with a loss of consciousness - Total body convulsions with a loss of consciousness

A brief bout of uncontrolled shaking of the limbs on one side of the body and no loss of consciousness

A sophomore linebacker makes an incredible tackle and then jogs off the field slightly bent over holding his right arm that is hanging from his shoulder. The athlete reports that while making the tackle his head was forced to the left and his right shoulder was pressed down. He tells you that he cannot move his arm and there is a burning sensation radiating from his shoulder down his arm. Your initial differential diagnosis includes cervical disc injury, cervical sprain or strain, acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation, brachial plexus injury, and thoracic outlet syndrome. After a few minutes, the athlete's symptoms begin to subside, and he begins to regain use of his arm. Evaluation reveals no obvious deformity of the cervical spine, shoulder, or thorax. Palpable muscle spasm is present in the scalene muscles on the right side. The patient is unable to abduct or flex his right arm above 15 degrees. Right grip strength is diminished. Cervical compression and distraction tests are negative. Neurological examination reveals paresthesia over the middle deltoid. Which special tests would allow you to rule out cervical disc involvement from your differential diagnosis? Select all that apply. A: Spurling test B: Adson's test C: Allen's test D: Brachial plexus traction E: Cervical compression F: Vertebral artery test G: Cervical distraction test H: Shoulder abduction test

A, E, H

Which of the following is the best example of a well-written treatment goal? - Regain muscular strength before progressing to the next phase of rehabilitation - Decrease athlete's pain from 8 to 5 on numeric pain scale - Keep the athlete motivated throughout the rehabilitation program - Use a variety of modalities and exercises during rehabilitation program design - Achieve full unrestricted knee range of motion by 4 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

Achieve full unrestricted knee range of motion by 4 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction

When activating an emergency action plan (EAP), what information should be provided to the emergency medical services (EMS) system? Select all that apply. A: Name and credentials of the head athletic trainer or director of sports medicine B: Number of patients affected C: Current condition of injured patient(s) D: Patient's emergency contact information E: Name and phone number of caller F: Location of injury scene G: First aid treatment initiated H: Time the injury occurred I: Specific directions for reaching injury venue J: Name of person meeting ambulance

B, C, E, F, G, I

You are assisting in the medical treatment tent at a local youth soccer tournament. This is the first tournament of the spring season. One of the coaches escorts a 10-year-old player to the tent. The athlete appears to be having difficulty catching his breath. You have conducted an initial assessment and determined the athlete is suffering from an asthma attack. You have decided to consult with the tournament's physician regarding bronchodilating medications. Match the asthma medication to its method of asthma management. _____ Leukotriene modifier _____ Long-acting beta-2-agonist _____ Short-acting beta-2-agonist _____ Inhaled corticosteroid _____ Combination A: Fluticasone propionate (Flovent) B: Montelukast (Singulair) C: Salmeterol (Serevent) D: Fluticasone propionate and salmeterol (Advair) E: Albuterol (Proventil)

B: Leukotriene modifier C: Long-acting beta-2-agonist E: Short-acting beta-2-agonist A: Inhaled corticosteroid D: Combination

As a result of rained out games earlier in the week, your high school is scheduled to host a boy's lacrosse match, a softball game, and a boy's tennis match simultaneously this afternoon. As the sole athletic trainer at your high school, what should you communicate to the coaches of these three teams? - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be splitting your time equally between all three events - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be splitting time between the lacrosse match and the softball game - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be at the lacrosse match during the entire match - Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be at the softball game for the entire game

Based on the inherent risk of injury in these sports, you will be at the lacrosse match during the entire match

An athlete returns from the physician with a prescription that reads "ice baths PRN." The athlete is unsure what to do. What should you tell the athlete? - Complete an ice bath before noon each day - Complete an ice bath after each running session - Complete an ice bath right before going to bed - Complete an ice bath before each running session - Complete an ice bath as needed for pain

Complete an ice bath as needed for pain

Which of the following demonstrates the order of bony palpation from proximal to distal? - Peroneal tubercle, cuboid, third cuneiform, styloid process at base of the fifth metatarsal - Calcaneus, sustenaculum tali, talar head, navicular tuberosity, first cuneiform - Sinus tarsi, dome of the talus, second cuneiform, navicular, third metatarsal - Medical calcaneal tubercle, first cuneiform, navicular tubercle, first metatarsal, medial sesamoid of the greater toe - Calcaneus, talar head, navicular, sustenaculum tali, sinus tarsi, first cuneiform

Calcaneus, sustenaculum tali, talar head, navicular tuberosity, first cuneiform

Which proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) strengthening exercise is most appropriate to transition a pitcher who is rehabilitating following an elbow injury toward sport-specific skills? - D1 flexion/extension pattern - D2 flexion/extension pattern - Rhythmic stabilization - Strain-counterstrain

D2 flexion/extension pattern

A tennis player is in the late stages of rehabilitation for impingement syndrome and has returned to practice drills. The player reports feeling weakness at ball contact during the serve. Which of the following rehabilitation exercises would be most appropriate to address this weakness? - Closed kinetic chain weight shifting on a Swiss ball - Closed kinetic chain multiplanar slide board exercises - D1 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the flexion portion of the pattern - D2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the extension portion of the pattern - Internal and external rotation with an exercise band at 90 degrees of shoulder abduction

D2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the extension portion of the pattern

An athletic training clinic at a university, a traditionally uncovered entity, decides to follow the privacy guidelines of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in an effort to better protect the privacy of their athletes. To achieve this goal, which of the following is an important HIPAA guideline this clinic needs to follow? - Designate a privacy officer to ensure HIPAA privacy policies and procedures are being followed - Obtain written consent from each athlete before disclosing private health information for the purposes of treatment and billing - When requested, provide an athlete his or her medical records immediately and free of charge - Require athletes be contacted only through the university-provided e-mail address

Designate a privacy officer to ensure HIPAA privacy policies and procedures are being followed

A positive response to which of the following questions on a preparticipation examination medical history would result in referral to a physician for additional screening? - Does your heart race or skip beats during exercise? - Have you ever spent the night in a hospital? - Is there anyone in your family who has asthma? - Have you ever fractured a bone?

Does your heart race or skip beats during exercise?

An athlete presents with a loose foreign body under the upper eyelid. You have treated this condition by removing the athlete's contact lens, rinsing the eye for several minutes with eyewash, and attempting to dislodge the foreign body by pulling the athlete's upper eyelid over the lower eyelid and instructing the patient to blink several times. None of your efforts have been successful. What is your next treatment step? - Evert the eyelid and attempt to remove the foreign body with tweezers - Evert the eyelid, and attempt to remove the foreign body with a cotton-tipped applicator - Cover the eye with a patch, put the athlete on bed rest, and tell the athlete to avoid reading and watching TV until reevaluation the next day - Cover the eye with a patch and refer the athlete to an ophthalmologist

Evert the eyelid, and attempt to remove the foreign body with a cotton-tipped applicator

What environmental condition puts an athlete with sickle cell trait at risk for an exertional sickling episode? - Low air temperature - High pollen count - High wind speed - High altitude

High altitude

During your on-field evaluation of a soccer player with a lower leg injury, you determine that the athlete has a markedly decreased posterior tibial pulse. What should be your next steps? - Immediate transport to a medical facility for further evaluation - Complete the on-field evaluation and then move the athlete to the sideline for a more thorough evaluation - Assist the athlete in walking to the sideline and then refer for radiographs to rule out fracture - Asses for neurologic deficits and then have three to four people carry athlete to the athletic training room for fluoroscopic evaluation

Immediate transport to a medical facility for further evaluation

The wrestling coach is speaking with his wrestlers about weight loss. He instructs his wrestlers to eat as much celery and apples as they want because these foods are catabolic foods, which promote weight loss. He informs the wrestlers that these foods contain fewer calories than are required to chew, digest, and absorb them. How should you respond to this coach's instructions? - Confirm the coach's information is accurate and note that the wrestlers will benefit from the increased intake of fruits and vegetables - Confirm the coach's information is accurate, but encourage the wrestlers to also eat as much grapefruit as possible, as grapefruit is the strongest negative calorie food - Inform the coach and the wrestlers that metabolism is significantly increased with eating so any fruits and vegetables should aid in weight loss - Inform the coach and wrestlers that while metabolism increases with eating, the increase is small, and there is no research in support of any catabolic foods whereby more calories are used to metabolize a food than the number of calories in the food

Inform the coach and wrestlers that while metabolism increases with eating, the increase is small, and there is no research in support of any catabolic foods whereby more calories are used to metabolize a food than the number of calories in the food

A high school basketball player who has been receiving treatment for a lateral ankle sprain suddenly stops attending scheduled treatment sessions. When contacted by phone the athlete states he does not want to attend treatment sessions because he does not like being different from his teammates who are not injured. How can you best respond to this athlete to encourage him to accept responsibility for his recovery? - Inform this athlete that attending therapy is a privilege he will lose if he does not attend his next scheduled session - Inform this athlete that it is his choice to come to therapy, but if he does not, he may not continue to improve at the same pace as if he had been attending therapy - Inform this athlete that members of the basketball team are required to attend all scheduled treatment sessions and he will be reported if he misses one more scheduled treatment session - Inform this athlete that if he returns to attending treatment sessions you will provide a positive report to the coach

Inform this athlete that it is his choice to come to therapy, but if he does not, he may not continue to improve at the same pace as if he had been attending therapy

A master's level swimmer is exhibiting pain in all directions of shoulder joint movement and restrictions of both active and passive range of motion. Because of the pain associated with movement, the athlete is apprehensive about moving the joint at all. In addition to flexibility and pain control modalities, which of the following might you incorporate into this patient's rehabilitation program? - Joint mobilization techniques - Upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal patterns - Upper extremity isokinetic exercises - Closed kinetic chain exercises for the shoulder joint

Joint mobilization techniques

An athletic trainer has recently relocated to a state that has state certification. What will the athletic trainer need to do before he can practice in the state? - Register with the state - Meet the minimum requirements outlined by the state licensing board - Apply for exemption status - Pass the state sanctioned examination or provide proof of Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) currency as indicated by the state practice act

Pass the state sanctioned examination or provide proof of Board of Certification, Inc. (BOC) currency as indicated by the state practice act

You are treating a swimmer for impingement syndrome. When initiating the rehabilitation program, the flexibility of which muscle groups should be assessed and emphasized because they are prone to develop tightness? - Rhomboids and levator scapula - Serratus anterior and supraspinatus - Sternocleidomastoid and teres minor - Upper trapezius and triceps - Pectoralis minor and scalenes

Pectoralis minor and scalenes

Which of the following mechanisms would most likely cause a spontaneous pneumothorax? - Acute bacterial pneumonia - Rupture of a bleb - Costochondral separation - Posterior displaced sternoclavicular joint separation - Hyperventilation

Rupture of a bleb

You are conducting a physical examination of a patient with a history of diffuse pain, burning, and numbness along the medial and plantar aspects of the foot. You passively evert the heel and dorsiflex the foot and toes as shown in the photo. After you have held the foot in this position for about 10 seconds, the patient reports paresthesia radiating into her foot. Based on this outcome, what condition should you include in you differential diagnosis? (Image on Rozzi pg.147) - Tarsal tunnel syndrome secondary to posterior tibial nerve entrapment - Tarsal tunnel syndrome secondary to peroneal nerve entrapment - Peroneal neuropathy secondary to peroneal nerve entrapment - Peroneal neuropathy secondary to posterior tibial nerve entrapment

Tarsal tunnel syndrome secondary to posterior tibial nerve entrapment

How do lower extremity closed kinetic chain exercises minimize anterior tibial translation forces? - The shear force is negated by the compressive forces created in a closed kinetic chain posture - The shear force is counteracted by a cocontraction of the hamstrings - The shear force is counterweighted by the ground reaction forces created by foot contact - The anterior tibial translation forces are counteracted by a cocontraction of the quadriceps and iliotibial band - The anterior tibial translation forces are negated by the simultaneous rotational forces about the tibia

The shear force is counteracted by a cocontraction of the hamstrings

Which of the following statements regarding the presentation and treatment of viral meningitis is correct? - Treatment for viral meningitis is symptomatic care, including analgesics, bed rest, increased fluid intake, and medications for nausea and vomiting - Treatment for viral meningitis includes antibiotics and care to address any complications, such as brain swelling, shock, or dehydration - Initially patients with viral meningitis present with headache, high fever, and nausea and vomiting in the absence of cervical rigidity, as seen with bacterial meningitis - Compared with bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis occurs less commonly and is more severe

Treatment for viral meningitis is symptomatic care, including analgesics, bed rest, increased fluid intake, and medications for nausea and vomiting

What information should an athletic trainer be prepared to communicate to a 911 dispatcher? - Caller's name, title and position, condition of the patient, and medical history of the patient - Location of telephone being used, date of caller's most recent CPR training, and type of suspected emergency - Present condition of the patient, current assistance being given, exact location of emergency, and how to enter facility - Type of emergency situation, patient's medical history, and name of the person meeting the ambulance - Current assistance being given to patient, number of persons on scene who are certified in CPR, and location of telephone being used

Type of emergency situation, patient's medical history, and name of the person meeting the ambulance

At the end of the inning the pitcher on your softball team returns to the dugout holding her elbow. She tells you she might have hurt her elbow on the last pitch. To assess the injured elbow, you palpate the lateral structures of the elbow. Choosing from the following list, match the name of each structure with the number that corresponds to the structure's location in the photo. (Image on Rozzi pg. 184) - Ulna - Annular ligament - Capitulum - Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon - Lateral epicondyle - Lateral ulnar collateral ligament - Ulnar nerve - Radial collateral ligament - Radial head - Triceps tendon - Ulnar collateral ligament

1. Lateral epicondyle 2. Radial head 3. Radial collateral ligament 4. Capitulum 5. Annular ligament 6. Lateral ulnar collateral ligament

A female cross country runner has been recently diagnosed with mononucleosis. How long must the athlete be withheld from activity before being reevaluated to determine if it is safe to begin a return to activity progression? - 7 days - 14 days - 21 days - 28 days

21 days

For the majority of collegiate athletes who sustains a concussion while participating, what is the length of time for the concussion to resolve? - 2 to 4 days - 5 to 7 days - 10 to 14 days - 15 to 21 days

5 to 7 days

A skier reports to your athletic training facility following a hard fall during a giant slalom race. He is complaining of pain around the area of the hypothenar eminence, so after observing this area you begin palpating the soft tissue. What muscles comprise the hypothenar eminence? - Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and lumbricals - Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis - Abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis, and tendon of the flexor pollicis longus - Abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, and flexor digiti minimi brevis - Extensor digiti minimi, adductor digiti minimi, and dorsal interossei

Abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, and flexor digiti minimi brevis

Which of the following conditions would disqualify a student athlete from participation in football? - Absence of one kidney - Mild hypertension - Inguinal hernia -Controlled epilepsy - Sickle cell trait

Absence of one kidney

Your patient has been provided a neoprene sleeve brace for support for her patellofemoral joint condition. Which of the following is a manufacturer brace care recommendation for this type of brace? - Wash in hot water using a mild detergent - Dry using a hot air laundry dryer - Air dry - Wash in hot water using a 10:1 bleach solution

Air dry

Which of the following commercially available ankle braces are designed to limit only inversion and eversion and are most often used to provide compression and moderate support to an ankle during the acute phase of an ankle injury? - Air/gel bladder braces - Wrap braces - Lace-up braces - Semirigid braces

Air/gel bladder braces

An athlete responds affirmatively to the following questions on the preparticipation medical history form: (1) I have trouble sleeping. (2) I lack energy many days of the week. (3) I rehash things many times. (4) I am often anxious or very nervous. (5) I lack confidence. (6) I have difficulty managing my emotions. What actions should you take based on these responses? - Encourage the student to begin meditation techniques to decrease stress - Enroll the student in a stress management class at the counseling center - Restrict the student athlete from practices until a full mental health evaluation is completed - Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information

Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information

As part of the preparticipation examination an athletic trainer collects height, weight, and skinfolds to estimate body composition. What type of measurements are being collected? - Volumetric - Diagnostic - Anthropometric - Outcome

Anthropometric

A cross country runner tripped running through a wooded trail and sustained a severe laceration of her lower leg that is bleeding. What is the best way to distinguish arterial from venous bleeding? - Arterial blood produces a more steady flow of blood - Arterial blood spurts from the wound - Arterial blood produces a flow of dark red blood - Arterial blood slowly oozes from the tissues - Arterial blood clots rapidly

Arterial blood spurts from the wound

A high school junior varsity basketball player sustained a grade II lateral ankle sprain in the game you are covering. Which of the following strategies might ensure the best compliance with the overnight treatment plan you have outlined for the athlete? - Have the athlete repeat the treatment plan back to you until she can say it verbatim - Ask the athlete's parents to meet you in the athletic trainer clinic after the game and explain the treatment to them and answer any questions they have - Call the athlete at home to make sure she is doing her treatment as instructed - Ask the athlete to write down everything she does and turn it in tomorrow when she comes in for reevaluation

Ask the athlete's parents to meet you in the athletic trainer clinic after the game and explain the treatment to them and answer any questions they have

An offensive lineman sustains a low chop block at the same time he incurs a posteriorly directed blow to his upper body, resulting in a posterior-superior tibiofibular dislocation of the femur. What is the most appropriate immediate care for this knee injury? - Apply a vacuum splint, use a manual conveyance technique to transport the athlete to the sidelines, and perform a complete lower extremity evaluation - Apply a padded, long board splint; assess the athlete for shock; and activate emergency medical services (EMS) - Perform a lower extremity evaluation, use a manual conveyance technique to transport the athlete to the sidelines, and activate EMS - Activate EMS, apply a traction splint, and monitor for shock - Assess circulation and neurological status of the leg, assess the athlete for shock, and activate EMS

Assess circulation and neurological status of the leg, assess the athlete for shock, and activate EMS

You are creating an advertisement for an open staff athletic trainer position at your facility. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate to include as part of the job specification? - Seeking male applicants; minorities are encourage to apply - Bachelor's degree and BOC certification required - Coordinates and delivers athletic training services to members of the baseball team - Benefits include state health plan, optional vision coverage, and choice of standard or flexible retirement plan - Conducts research and prepares annual departmental injury data

Bachelor's degree and BOC certification required

In 1992, what piece of equipment did the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandate athletic trainers use while performing CPR? - Bag-valve mask to provide standard quantity of oxygen delivery - Barrier device or pocket mask to minimize transmission of bloodborne pathogens - Gloves to minimize transmission of bloodborne pathogens - Supplemental oxygen to increase oxygen saturation - Watch with a second hand to more accurately perform compressions at the recommended rate

Barrier device or pocket mask to minimize transmission of bloodborne pathogens

Why are antipyretic medications not indicated for the treatment of athletes with exertional heatstroke? - Antipyretic medications may promote dehydration by delaying return to normal body temperature in a person with exertional heatstroke - Because the increase in body temperature during exercise is not a chemical response, antipyretic medications are ineffective in treating exertional heatstroke - Antipyretic medications cannot penetrate to the active muscles and so are ineffective in treating exertional heatstroke - Because exertional heatstroke affects the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (POAH), antipyretic medications are ineffective in treating exertional heatstroke

Because the increase in body temperature during exercise is not a chemical response, antipyretic medications are ineffective in treating exertional heatstroke

A newly certified athletic trainer is completing his first year of employment. During the year, he was able to work closely with the head athletic trainer who met regularly with him to answer questions and to discuss difficult situations and options for managing those situations. How has the head athletic trainer assisted the young professional? - Establishing cultural competence - Learning professional boundaries - Creating a fiduciary relationship - Beginning his professional socialization

Beginning his professional socialization

A basketball player sustains an anterior shoulder dislocation when he gets undercut and falls to the floor. The joint spontaneously reduces itself when he attempts to get up. The athletic trainer removes the athlete from practice to complete an evaluation. The initial assessment is consistent with an anterior dislocation, and the athlete is provided with ice and a sling. Toward the end of practice, the athlete begins to complain of pain in his hands and fingers. Which of the following additional findings would warrant immediate referral of the athlete for further evaluation? - Sweating - Throbbing in the shoulder joint that radiates toward the elbow - Pain when asked to squeeze the examiner's hand - Bluish tent to nailbeds and swelling of the fingers and hand

Bluish tent to nailbeds and swelling of the fingers and hand

What credentials are required of any personnel involved in implementation of the emergency action plan? - ATC or EMT - First aid and transport methods - CPR, AED, and bloodborne pathogen training - OSHA EAP certification

CPR, AED, and bloodborne pathogen training

During football practice an athlete with known sickle cell trait experiences an exertional sickling collapse. He is responsive and cooperative, and you immediately administer high-flow supplemental oxygen and check his vital signs. He does not immediately improve, and he is now demonstrating bradycardia. What treatment should now be provided by the athletic trainer to appropriately manage this patient? - Cool the athlete using cold water immersion - Promote oral ingestion of water and electrolyte solutions to increase blood volume - Call 911 and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and be ready to start CPR - Apply ice to cramping muscles and move the athlete to a cooler climate

Call 911 and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and be ready to start CPR

Which of the following recommendations would be made to an athlete to decrease the risk and intensity of soreness following exercise? - Warm up and perform static stretching for a minimum of 20 to 30 minutes before exercise - Stop every 20 to 30 minutes during the exercise session - Complete a short, dynamic warm-up before exercise and an active cool-down afterward - Consume 24 oz. of an electrolyte beverage before and after activity

Complete a short, dynamic warm-up before exercise and an active cool-down afterward

During diathermy application, which mechanism of heat transfer causes an increase in body tissue temperature? - Radiation - Conversion - Convection - Conduction

Conversion

An athlete is seated with his leg hanging off the edge of the table and the knee flexed to 90 degrees and the ankle in slight plantar flexion. The athletic trainer stabilizes the distal tibia and fibula with one hand and while holding the calcaneus with the other hand applies an externally rotated force on the calcaneus. A positive test indicates possible injury to which of the following structures? - Anterior tibiofibular ligament - Calcaneofibular ligament - Deltoid ligament - Posterior talofibular ligament

Deltoid ligament

An athlete has sustained a crown fracture. Referral to which health-care provider is most appropriate for this condition? - Oral surgeon - Oral and maxillofacial surgeon - Endodontist - Periodontist - Dentist

Dentist

What administrative action can an athletic trainer take to reinforce the athlete's role in reporting concussions? - Document all communications with academic support services personnel and similar offices regarding student athletes with concussions - Use written documentation to regularly communicate the status of student athletes with concussions to the team physician - Document each concussion evaluation, treatment, physical activity recommendation, and return-to-play decision - Document the athlete's understanding of concussion signs and symptoms and the athlete's responsibility to report a concussion

Document the athlete's understanding of concussion signs and symptoms and the athlete's responsibility to report a concussion

A rehabilitation program for an acute ankle sprain includes active range of motion using the BAPS board, towel stretches for the calf, grade I joint mobilizations, and isometric strengthening exercises. In which phase of the rehabilitation continuum would you place this athlete? - End of phase I: inactive phase - Early in phase II: active phase - Late in phase II: active phase - Middle of phase III: resistive phase

Early in phase II: active phase

Which Swedish massage technique is used to remove edema from an extremity after a subacute injury? - Friction - Tapotement - Effleurage - Petrissage

Effleurage

What research-supported information regarding nutritional needs should you provide a patient with a recently diagnosed humerus fracture to optimize healing and recovery? - Avoid gluten-containing foods - Ensure sufficient protein intake, particularly branched chain amino acids - Take vitamin C at or above the recommended daily allowance - Take high doses of omega-3 fatty acids

Ensure sufficient protein intake, particularly branched chain amino acids

You have just implemented your budget for the upcoming year. What is the next step in the budgeting process? - Evaluate the effectiveness of the budget by determining what is and is not working in the budget process - Plan the budget based on the goals and objectives of your program - Gather data and analyze feedback from staff and other participants - Present the budget in a clear and concise manner to appropriate administrators - Build consensus on the proposed budget and provide possible alternatives to budget decisions

Evaluate the effectiveness of the budget by determining what is and is not working in the budget process

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between injury rates and synthetic turf playing surfaces compared with natural grass surfaces? - Injury rates are higher during the first 1 to 2 years of a new synthetic turf field - Injury rates are higher on natural grass surfaces because they are more difficult to maintain - Injury rates are significantly higher on synthetic turf fields due to the higher speeds the players are able to generate - Evidence in the literature is inconclusive, and additional research needs to be conducted

Evidence in the literature is inconclusive, and additional research needs to be conducted

Which of the following factors would indicate the need to proceed with surgical intervention for a superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion? - Inability to take pain and anti-inflammatory medications due to gastrointestinal complications - Failure to regain normal range of motion and rotator cuff strength despite 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation - Positive O'Brien's test confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Subjective reports of popping, clicking, or catching within the joint in the first 2 weeks after injury and small range-of-motion deficits

Failure to regain normal range of motion and rotator cuff strength despite 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation

Which type of communication is categorized as the most effective but is more difficult to document and may be negatively influenced by emotions? - Face-to-face communication - Telecommunication - Written communication - Communication through a third party

Face-to-face communication

Which of the following types of scaphoid fractures are at increased risk for nonunion and therefore are optimally treated with surgical fixation? - Fractures at the proximal pole with a small gap - Fractures at the distal pole without a gap - Fractures of the middle third that are well-aligned - Fractures at the scaphoid tubercle

Fractures at the proximal pole with a small gap

Which two bones make up the roof of the orbit? - Frontal and sphenoid - Ethmoid and maxillary - Zygomatic and palatine - Lacrimal and sphenoid - Palatine and frontal

Frontal and sphenoid

Which cold injury is most likely to occur in an athlete exposed to a damp, freezing cold? - Deep frostbite - Superficial frostbite - Chilblain - Frost nip

Frost nip

Following a grade II inversion ankle sprain, a patient is demonstrating nonpainful plantar flexion restrictions compared with the uninvolved extremity. Which of the following techniques would be indicated to address this deficit? - Grade IV oscillatory anterior tibial glide - Grade II sustained posterior glide of the talus - Grade III sustained anterior glide of the talus - Grade I oscillatory calcaneal distraction

Grade III sustained anterior glide of the talus

A competitive weightlifter has begun taking a statin drug to address his elevated blood cholesterol level. Which of the following foods should you recommend this athlete not consume so as to avoid a drug-food interaction with certain statin drugs? - Saltwater fish - Dairy products - Blueberries - Grapefruit juice

Grapefruit juice

The stress-strain curve is a representation of the relative relationship of tissue properties. Which of the following is an example of tissue creep? - Avulsion fracture of the fibula subsequent to ankle joint inversion forces instead of a ligament tear - Bilateral subacromial impingement syndrome in a butterfly swimmer - Greater glenohumeral joint external rotation in the throwing arm of a baseball player compared with the nonthrowing limb - Lateral epicondylalgia in the dominant elbow of a tennis player

Greater glenohumeral joint external rotation in the throwing arm of a baseball player compared with the nonthrowing limb

What regulation guarantees that intercollegiate athletes have access to all of their medical records, while giving them more control over how their protected health information is used and disclosed? - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act - Americans With Disabilities Act - Medical Records Retention Act

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis can occur in healthy individuals during intense exercise. What environmental conditions increase an athlete's risk for this condition? - High air temperature and rain - Low air temperature and wind - High air temperature and high humidity - Low air temperature and high humidity - Low air temperature and rain

High air temperature and high humidity

An athlete with sickle cell trait collapses during a training session and exertional sickling is suspected. In addition to removal from activity, monitoring vital signs, and activating the emergency action plan (EAP), what other therapeutic interventions are indicated for this athlete? - Urinalysis to assess for possible rhabdomyolysis - Peak flow measurements to assess lung function - High-flow oxygen administration with a nonrebreather mask - Elevation of the extremities to prevent shock

High-flow oxygen administration with a nonrebreather mask

You are educating an athlete who has recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus on recognizing the signs and symptoms of uncontrolled blood glucose levels. Using the table, identify the signs and symptoms commonly associated with hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, or both conditions. Some signs and symptoms may not be used. A: Polyuria B: Shakiness C: Polydipsia D: Hyperventilation E: Tachycardia F: Behavior changes/irritability G: Coma H: Polyphagia I: Nausea J: Weight loss K: Altered or blurred vision

Hyperglycemia: A, C, H, J Hypoglycemia: B, E, F, I Both: D, K

During halftime of a football game, you recheck the vital signs of a player who sustained abdominal trauma from a hard tackle midway through the first half. His blood pressure has decreased to 94/54 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 100 beats/min. You are concerned the abdominal trauma has caused blood loss and the athlete is experiencing shock. When referring this patient, what type of shock should you communicate this athlete is experiencing? - Neurogenic shock - Septic shock - Metabolic shock - Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic shock

What medical coding system is the official system of assigning codes to diagnoses and procedures common to all hospitals and clinics in the United States? - ICD-10 - DD-10 - CPT - EDI

ICD-10

Which grade of Kaltenborn's Grade of Traction should be used in conjunction with joint mobilization techniques to treat hypomobility? - I - II - III - IV - V

III

An athletic trainer working in the industrial setting is developing a functional and performance-specific rehabilitation program for a warehouse worker. After the work skills are evaluated and broken down into components and incorporated into the rehabilitation program, what options are available for implementation of performance-specific skills? - The worker can be returned to job activities and encouraged to work with his supervisor to modify work responsibilities as needed - If possible, work with the employer to allow the patient to perform some work-related tasks under supervision by the athletic trainer or simulate those activities in the clinic - Refer the patient to a regional vocational training facility - Provide the patient with clear instructions for practicing the performance-specific skills at home

If possible, work with the employer to allow the patient to perform some work-related tasks under supervision by the athletic trainer or simulate those activities in the clinic

Which type of muscular strengthening technique is characterized by an increase in muscle tension without changing the length of the muscle? - Isotonic - Isokinetic - Isometric - Eccentric

Isometric

Which of the following demonstrates a technique athletic trainers can use to build rapport with their patient while taking a medical history? - Try to obtain the history as soon as possible after the injury occurs - Write down everything the patient says verbatim - Ask the athlete to point to the place of most intense pain - Maintain eye contact and attempt to see if you can determine what the patient is feeling

Maintain eye contact and attempt to see if you can determine what the patient is feeling

Which of the following lists contains only disaccharides? - Glucose, maltose, lactose - Lactose, galactose, glucose - Galactose, fructose, glucose - Sucrose, fructose, maltose - Maltose, lactose, sucrose

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

For which of the following treatment goals is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation an acceptable modality? - Enhance progression from the inflammatory to the repair phase of healing - Decrease pitting edema and enhance lymphatic drainage - Manage chronic pain - Minimize excess scar tissue formation - Increase range of motion and tissue extensibility

Manage chronic pain

The Cooper 1.5 mile run test is commonly used to assess aerobic fitness. What outcome data are produced from this assessment? - Maximal heart rate - Minutes run - Distance (miles or kilometers) run - Sweat rate

Minutes run

When using a Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test to assess an athlete following a concussion, for which of the following criteria would the athlete be assigned 0 points? - Moving hip into greater than 10 degrees of abduction - Lifting hands off iliac crests - Opening eyes - Remaining out of test position more than 5 seconds - Lifting forefoot or heel

Moving hip into greater than 10 degrees of abduction

The content of preparticipation sports physical examinations is directed by medical history and examination documentation required by an athletic-associated governing body. When reviewing obtained preparticipation medical documentation, in which area of the examination can the athletic trainer expect to identify the majority of abnormal findings? - Vision examination - General medical examination - Musculoskeletal examination - Medical history

Musculoskeletal examination

A soccer player sustained a deep contusion to his quadricpes from an opponent's knee approximately 4 weeks ago. The athlete was treated conservatively with modalities and flexibility exercises and has returned to practice but continues to note pain and decreased function. Radiographic evaluation reveals a calcification in the quadriceps muscle. What is your clinical diagnosis? - Myositis ossificans progressiva - Myositis ossificans circumscripta - Myositis ossificans traumatica - Myositis ossificans imperfecta

Myositis ossificans traumatica

You believe your school's athletic department should purchase an automated external defibrillator (AED). What document should be used to encourage your school to indicate an AED as part of your emergency equipment? - National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) Heat Stroke Treatment Authorization Form - NATA Position Statement: Management of Sport Concussion - NATA Official Statement: Automated External Defibrillators - NATA Heads up video

NATA Official Statement: Automated External Defibrillators

An athlete on your soccer team sustains two seizures of unknown etiology within a span of 1 week. Which of the following is the most appropriate health-care provider to evaluate this athlete? - Neurologist - Rheumatologist - Endocrinologist - Hematologist

Neurologist

One of your responsibilities as the director of sports medicine is to review the medical documentation of your recently employed certified athletic trainers. Which of the following is a commonly occurring error when writing patient goals? - Only one measurable outcome - Using specific measures instead of more easily interpreted nondescript words (good, better, proper) - No relationship between stated impairments and functional limitations - Defining activity by what is being done (running, stair climbing, weight lifting) instead of general types of activities (exercise class)

No relationship between stated impairments and functional limitations

As the athletic trainer for your school's baseball team you are reviewing the preparticipation examination reports for each player before the fall season begins. A referral is indicated for one of your pitchers based on the results of his visual acuity assessment. To what health-care professional should this athlete be referred? - Family physician - Occupational therapist - Ophthalmologist - Optometrist

Optometrist

Throughout the recovery from a concussion, the patient's proprioception and kinesthesia should be evaluated using objective measures of postural stability. One objective assessment is the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS), a component of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5). According to this assessment tool, what information should be recorded for each test session so that score differences can be attributed to changes in balance? - Patient's body weight - Patient's footwear worn during testing - Time of day - Patient's visual analog scale for pain score for headache pain

Patient's footwear worn during testing

This spring season, a freshman athlete at your university who has asthma is struggling to control her increasing frequency of asthma attacks. You are concerned her asthma medication is ineffective, so you have referred her to a physician. When you see her again she tells you the physician provided her with additional and different medications, but she is not sure if they are helping. What evaluation tool can best assist you in determining if this athlete's medications are effective? - Sphygmomanometer - Metered-dose inhaler - Peak flow meter - Pulse oximeter

Peak flow meter

One week after sustaining a knee injury, a patient reports he is unable to move from a seated to a standing position in the usual efficient and pain-free manner. In which of the following disablement model levels is this patient's complaint? - Origin - Organ - Person - Societal

Person

What treatment parameters should be selected when treating a patient's chronic low back pain using electrical stimulation for noxious level pain control by targeting C nerve fibers and controlling pain via the central biasing mechanism? - Phase duration of 200 to 400 usec, pulse frequency of 2 to 4 pps, and a submotor intensity - Phase duration of 200 to 400 usec, pulse frequency of 80 to 120 pps, and an intensity that produces a strong muscle contraction - Phase duration of 1 to 100 msec, variable pulse frequency, and an intensity as high as the patient can tolerate - Phase duration of 1 to 100 msec, phase duration less than 100 usec, pulse frequency of 60 to 100 pps, and an intensity to produce a moderate to strong muscle contraction

Phase duration of 1 to 100 msec, variable pulse frequency, and an intensity as high as the patient can tolerate

A school that has recently built a new football practice and game facility has decided to have their lacrosse team use the old synthetic turf football field. Which of the following policies can aid in minimizing the lacrosse player's injury risk? - All training sessions should occur on the synthetic turf field - Players should wear shoes that provide solid footing without "sticking" to the surface - Players should wear shoes with a soft, flexible sole - Practice sessions should be conducted at 50% to 75% of maximal intensity and speed

Players should wear shoes that provide solid footing without "sticking" to the surface

Which type of exercises help transition a patient from the aggressive phase of rehabilitation to functional activities following surgical repair of lateral epicondylopathy? - Progressive resistive exercises - Closed kinetic chain balance exercises - Plyometric exercises - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises

Plyometric exercises

Your evaluation of the foot biomechanics of one of your cross country runners has lead you to believe that the runner would benefit from custom orthotic intervention. To which of the following health-care providers would you refer this athlete? - Occupational therapist - Exercise physiologist - Osteopath - Podiatrist

Podiatrist

A member of the women's swim team presents with suprapubic discomfort she has been feeling for the past 2 days. She also reports pain and burning when urinating, increased frequency of urination, and foul-smelling urine. What urinalysis result would indicate need for referral? - Positive for hematuria - Positive for ketones - Negative for leukocyte esterase - Specific gravity reading greater than 1.00

Positive for hematuria

A 20-year-old male cheerleader presents with a history of chronic dominant shoulder pain attributed to sports participation. On examination you note the following: atrophy of the deltoid muscle compared bilaterally, decreased active and passive glenohumeral joint internal rotation in the presence or normal external rotation, pain and weakness when assessing resisted internal rotation motion of glenohumeral joint, negative relocation test, and positive jerk test. Based on these examination findings, what condition should be included in your differential diagnosis? - Multidirectional glenohumeral instability - Subacromial impingement syndrome - Posterior glenohumeral instability - Anterior glenohumeral instability

Posterior glenohumeral instability

A clinician is instructing a patient on using rubber tubing for ankle joint resisted range of motion exercises. The patient notices the tubing the clinician has given him is frayed on the edges and thin in various locations. When the patient expresses concern about the strength of the tubing, the clinician assures him the tubing is fine but does not inspect the tubing. While completing his second set of exercises, the patient's tubing snaps in half near the attachment to the ankle and recoils backward hitting the patient in the eye. In subsequent weeks the patient is evaluated and treated by an ophthalmologist and misses 12 days of work. If this patient pursues legal action against the clinician, what would a court be likely to find this clinician guilty of? - Ordinary negligence - Professional negligence - Gross negligence - Vicarious liability

Professional negligence

Which hormone or hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum? - Progesterone - Human growth hormone (HGH) - Progesterone and estrogen - Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Progesterone and estrogen

As the director of a hospital-based sports medicine outreach program, it is your job to respond to requests for medical and athletic training healthcare for participants in community sports and athletic events. Yesterday you were contacted by the head of a not-for-profit association planning an open water swim event to raise money for swim lesson scholarships. He asks you to provide all the medical coverage for the participants in this event. The event is a 5-mile swim along a river with more than 200 expected swimmers of various swimming ability. What aspect of your outreach program can provide the most assistance when making your decision to provide medical and athletic training healthcare for this event? - Program's vision statement - Program's anticipated yearly budget - Program's mission statement - Program's standard of professional conduct

Program's mission statement

You have determined that an athlete who has been demonstrating symptoms of depression should be referred to a mental health professional. Which of the following disciplines takes a medical approach to assessing and treating mental health conditions, including prescribing medications to address the underlying physiological or chemical components of the problem? - Professional counselor - Psychiatrist - Psychologist - Pastoral counselor

Psychiatrist

An athlete presents with a potential major mental health disorder, and medical intervention is needed. Referral to which of the following professionals is most appropriate? - Social worker holding an MSW degree - Psychologist holding a PsyD degree - Psychiatrist holding a DO degree - Psychologist holding a PhD degree

Psychiatrist holding a DO degree

You are completing a D2 lower extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) strengthening pattern moving into flexion. As the athlete reaches the end of the pattern, what verbal cues should you provide? - Pull the top of your foot toward your nose, push your foot out against my hand, and extend your toes - Push the gas pedal, turn your foot in against my hand, and curl your toes - Pull the top of your foot toward your nose, turn the bottom of your foot inward against my hand, and extend your toes - Push the gas pedal, turn your foot out against my hand, and curl your toes - Push the gas pedal, turn your foot out against my hand, and extend your toes

Pull the top of your foot toward your nose, push your foot out against my hand, and extend your toes

You have decided to include aquatic therapy in your patient's pan of care. What advantage of aquatic therapy should be communicated to the patient? - Reduction of patient's gravitational forces allows for exercise when on-land weight bearing is not permissible - Decreased compressive forces permit patients with injuries in the acute inflammatory phase to exercise - Water temperature allows patients to exercise when sick with a bacterial or viral infection - Buoyancy of the water reduces external forces, allowing patients with open wounds and postoperative wounds to exercise

Reduction of patient's gravitational forces allows for exercise when on-land weight bearing is not permissible

While rehabilitating a golfer following surgical repair of a long extensor tendon of the hand, you note that the patient can no longer achieve full active extension, although passive extension is still present. What concerns might be raised and what actions might you take in this situation? - Continue to work on regaining active extension, as full range of motion is key to regaining preinjury functional levels - Add resistive extension activities to increase deficits in strength of the hand extensors - Refer the athlete to a hand therapist as dehiscing may be occurring - Initiate treatment to reduce adhesions that are likely limiting full motion

Refer the athlete to a hand therapist as dehiscing may be occurring

You are using a Snellen eye chart to assess baseline visual acuity. An athlete is able to comfortably read the line associated with 20/40 vision in the right eye and 20/50 vision in the left eye. What action would you take? - No action is necessary - Retest the athlete serially for 2 to 3 weeks to see if you get the same results - Refer the athlete to an optometrist for evaluation - Hold the athlete from all participation pending referral results

Refer the athlete to an optometrist for evaluation

When traveling with your high school football team, which of the following must you bring with you because you cannot assume it will be provided by the host school? - Automated external defibrillator (AED) - Spine board - Splints - Blood pressure cuff - Rescue inhaler

Rescue inhaler

Which of the following statements correctly provides a summary of the current evidence related to trigger points? - Research findings related to trigger points are still at the hypothesis level - Through a series of investigative studies, evidence points to a theory to explain trigger points - Conclusions related to trigger points relate primarily to a series of meta-analyses on ischemia - A variety of theories related to trigger points have been developed and must be analyzed to develop a valid and reliable hypothesis

Research findings related to trigger points are still at the hypothesis level

A patient's medical record indicated he has been provided a written prescription for Percocet, an oxycodone combination drug, to assist in pain management. In which Drug Enforcement Administration category or schedule of controlled substances is this drug? - Schedule V - Schedule IV - Schedule III - Schedule II - Schedule I

Schedule II

Which of the following adventitious breath sounds would require referral to a physician for further evaluation? - Scratching, high-pitched vesicular sounds - Coarse, loud bronchial sounds - Coarse bronchovesicular sounds - High-pitched, breezy vesicular sounds - Whistling bronchovesicular sounds

Scratching, high-pitched vesicular sounds

You have chosen to use ultrasound treatment to increase tissue temperature and increase tissue extensibility on an athlete with patellar tendinosis. To most effectively reach the target tissue, which treatment parameters should be selected? - Select a 20% duty cycle, 1-MHz frequency, and a ketoprofen-based coupling medium - Select a 50% duty cycle, 2-W/cm2 frequency, and a bladder coupling medium - Select a 75% duty cycle, 1.5-W/cm2 frequency, and an underwater coupling medium - Select a 100% duty cycle, 1-MHz frequency, and a direct coupling medium - Select a 100% duty cycle, 3-MHz frequency, and a gel-based coupling medium

Select a 100% duty cycle, 3-MHz frequency, and a gel-based coupling medium

An evaluation of a cross country runner reveals that she has excessive supination bilaterally. Her coach would like to purchase shoes that most effectively address her biomechanical alignment. Which type of shoe would you recommend for this athlete? - Shoe with a flared heel, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption - Shoe with little to no flare, straight last, and moderate-to-high degrees of shock absorption - Shoe with a flared heel, straight last, and low-to-moderate degree of shock absorption - Shoe with no heel flare, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption - Shoe with a flared heel, board last, and low-to-moderate degree of shock absorption

Shoe with a flared heel, curved last, and moderate-to-high degree of shock absorption

Your athletic director is investigating options for medical insurance for student athletes and is considering self-insurance. Which of the following is an advantage of self-insurance? - Simplified claims processing - Large claim risk - Ability to predetermine exact insurance costs for the year - Institutional funds are committed before request - No catastrophic coverage is needed

Simplified claims processing

An athletic trainer is treating an athlete with electrical stimulation by applying the following treatment protocol: bipolar electrode placement, frequency set at 80 to 150 pps and intensity set at sensory-level stimulation. By which theory of pain management is the athletic trainer attempting to control this athlete's pain? - Spinal cord modulation through A-beta fiber stimulation - Descending pain modulation through periaqueductal gray (PAG) and raphe neuron input - Systemic pain modulation through beta-endorphin release - Motor pain modulation - Noxious pain modulation

Spinal cord modulation through A-beta fiber stimulation

You are evaluating a lacrosse player for a possible kidney contusion after he sustained a blunt trauma from a stick to his upper lumbar/lower thoracic region on the left side. Based on this mechanism of injury, what other abdominal organs should be screened for involvement? - Liver - Spleen - Appendix - Colon

Spleen

A lacrosse midfielder is returning to performance-specific skills following a hamstring strain. Place the following activities in the order in which they would be initiated in the functional progression. Note: Every step in the progression is not included. A: Running forward on a flat surface at 50% intensity B: Walking C: Cariocas 50% speed moving left and right D: W sprints with backpedaling and forward sprinting at 50% speed E: Figure-8's with small circles at 50% speed F: Sprinting forward on level surface at 50% maximum speed G: Jogging H: Running forward on an incline surface at 100% speed I: Walk-jog intervals J: Figure-8's with large circles at 75% speed K: Zigzag sprints at 100% speed L: Change of direction on command during agility exercises

Step 1: B Step 2: I Step 3: G Step 4: A Step 5: F Step 6: H Step 7: C Step 8: J Step 9: E Step 10: K Step 11: D Step 12: L

An athlete completing a functional rehabilitation program following a medical meniscectomy is frustrated because he is having difficulty recovering his agility. Which of the following professionals would be most helpful to consult while adjusting the rehabilitation protocol? - Sport coach - Team physician - Strength and conditioning specialist - Physical therapist

Strength and conditioning specialist

When planning a new facility, what is the purpose of design elements such as elevators, ramps, automatic door openers, and lowered drinking fountains? - To provide access to facility for older adults - To facilitate usefulness for families with small children - To provide accessibility for persons with disabilities - To meet local building code requirements

To provide accessibility for persons with disabilities

What is the purpose of decreasing activity and minimizing compressive forces on a healing stress fracture? - To restore balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity - To increase blood flow and fibroblastic activity in the area - To increase phagocytic activity - To prevent disruption of blood flow and development of avascular necrosis

To restore balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

Overtraining can result in physical fatigue, decreased muscle strength, decreased physical performance, and psychological breakdown resulting in a lessened desire to train. In what situation is overtraining likely to occur? - Training sessions that emphasize proper technique - Training sessions that exceed the body's physiological limits - Training sessions that emphasize cardiovascular training over strength training - Training session volume exceeding that of the previous training sessions

Training sessions that exceed the body's physiological limits

An industrial worker is preparing to return to work-specific exercises following a low back injury. The worker's job responsibilities require him to stand between two conveyor belts and lift boxes of approximately 60 lb. from a belt at knee level on one side to a belt at waist level on the other side. Which of the following exercises could be used in the functional rehabilitation program to prepare the worker to return to work-specific exercises? - Heel raises with weights, resisted triceps extensions, and abdominal exercises - Trunk rotations with tubing, mini-squats with weights, and trunk extensions with the pitch back - Upper extremity D1 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern, step downs with weights, and abdominal crutches - Double leg lift and trunk rotators in the pool and planks

Trunk rotations with tubing, mini-squats with weights, and trunk extensions with the pitch back

When practicing evidence-based medicine, a clinician's expertise and experiences are important. The other important factor is the information provided in published research. Several databases are available to assist clinicians in identifying research related to their clinical questions. What search engine uses a strength of evidence sorting process to organize results so that stronger, more relevant, and more recent sources are presented nearer the top of the search results? - Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) - PubMed - Cochrane Library - Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP)

Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP)

When teaching a patient to ambulate without crutches, what verbal cues can the athletic trainer provide to help the patient establish a normal gait pattern? - "Hit the ground with your heel first, allow your weight to transfer forward until your heel lifts and finishes when your weight comes off your big toe, then move to the opposite foot" - "Hit the ground with the middle of your foot and roll forward with your fourth and fifth toes being the last part of your body in contact with the ground before repeating with the other foot" - "Swing your arms and think about making contact with the middle and front of your foot and then balancing for a few seconds before moving to the next foot" - "Hit the ground with your heel, balance for 2 to 3 seconds, and then move quickly to heel strike on the opposite foot"

"Hit the ground with your heel first, allow your weight to transfer forward until your heel lifts and finishes when your weight comes off your big toe, then move to the opposite foot"

Based on return-to-play recommendations for patients with a surgically or nonsurgically managed superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion in the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on evaluation, management, and outcomes of and return-to-play criteria for overhead athletes with SLAP injuries, what percentage of range of motion needs to be regained in order to return to full activities? - 65% - 75% - 80% - 90%

90%

Which of the following orthotics would be most appropriate for an athlete with turf toe? - A full-length semirigid orthotic with a rigid forefoot extension - A full-length semirigid orthotic with a medial post - A three-quarter-length semirigid orthotic with a medial longitudinal arch support - A three-quarter-length semirigid orthotic with a Nickelplast cut for a forefoot post - A full-length semirigid orthotic with a Nickelplast teardrop pad under the second and third metatarsal heads

A full-length semirigid orthotic with a rigid forefoot extension

You are conducting an isokinetic strength test for a baseball pitcher who is in the late stage of a rehabilitation program for a rotator cuff repair of the pitching shoulder. With what should you compare the results of your isokinetic test in order to determine the pitcher's readiness to return to play? - The contralateral limb - Normative strength data and agonist/antagonist ratio data - Previous isokinetic tests performed during the rehabilitation process - A goal database of athletes of similar gender, age, and activity level - A similar isokinetic test performed on the team's number one starting pitcher

A goal database of athletes of similar gender, age, and activity level

According to the National Association of EMS Physicians, which of the following is an accepted criterion for cessation of CPR procedures? - A nonhypothermic athlete is in cardiac arrest for more than 30 minutes - An emergency medical technician instructs you to discontinue treatment of the athlete - The athlete regains normal breathing pattern - Another rescuer arrives on the scene and offers assistance - The automated external defibrillator (AED) has provided at least one shock

A nonhypothermic athlete is in cardiac arrest for more than 30 minutes

During initial screening, your patient demonstrated limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. You conducted a physical examination and determined his limited dorsiflexion is related to hypomobility of his talocrural joint. To address this hypomobility, you perform joint mobilization of the talocrural joint. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this treatment technique? Select all that apply. A: For this joint the talus is the convex bone and the tibia is the concave bone B: For this joint the talus is the concave bone and the tibia is the convex bone C: During open chain dorsiflexion, the talus glides posteriorly on the stationary tibia D: During open chain dorsiflexion, the talus glides anteriorly on the stationary tibia E: The resting position for administering this mobilization technique is 10 degrees of plantar flexion F: The resting position for administering this mobilization technique is 90 degrees of dorsiflexion G: The glide indicated for restricted dorsiflexion is the anterior talar glide (also known as ventral glide or posteroanterior glide) H: The glide indicated for restricted dorsiflexion is the posterior talar glide (also known as dorsal glide or anteroposterior glide)

A, D, E, H

A male lacrosse player plants his right foot as he pivots to pass the ball to a teammate. He immediately grabs his knee and stops playing. He hops over to the sideline grimacing in pain. The athlete points out that his pain is on the medial joint line and the soft tissue just inferior to the joint. Based on the mechanism of injury and location of his knee pain, what musculoskeletal conditions should be included in your initial differential diagnosis? Select all that apply. A: Anterior cruciate ligament sprain B: Acute pes anserine bursitis C: Biceps femoris strain D: Fibular head fracture E: Gastrocnemius strain F: Iliotibial band friction syndrome G: Lateral meniscus tear H: Lateral collateral ligament sprain I: Medial collateral ligament sprain J: Medial meniscus tear K: Medial tibial plateau contusion L: Posterior cruciate ligament sprain M: Popliteal cyst N: Quadriceps tendon rupture O: Semimembranosus tendonitis P: Semitendinosus strain Q: Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease

A, I, J, K

While conducting a secondary survey, an athletic trainer assesses the pupils of the patient. The patient is asked to follow the examiner's finger as it moves in different directions using just his eyes. What should be assessed in this portion of the evaluation? - Ability of the eyes to accommodate by pupils moving simultaneously and smoothly - Ability of the pupil to react to the changes in light it is taking in as it moves - Ability of the pupil to constrict as the finger moves in different directions - Ability of the pupils to remain an equal size as they move in different directions

Ability of the eyes to accommodate by pupils moving simultaneously and smoothly

A female lacrosse player is exhibiting signs of disordered eating. The physician to whom the athlete was referred has concluded the athlete is suffering from anorexia athletica. How does this condition differ from anorexia nervosa? - Absence of self-starvation practices - Maintenance of regular menstrual cycle - Absence of distorted body image - Absence of mood shifts and fear of becoming obese - Willingness to discuss eating practices

Absence of self-starvation practices

When caring for an adolescent patient whose body temperature of 102 degrees Fahrenheit or higher is attributed to a viral infection, which antipyretic medication should be avoided? - Acetaminophen - Ibuprofen - Naproxen sodium - Diphenhydramine - Acetylsalicylic acid

Acetylsalicylic acid

During training, a member of your soccer team refrains from eating and drinking during daylight hours as part of a religious observance. How will you best assist this athlete? - Explain that the athlete will have to choose between religious practices and athletic participation - Disqualify the athlete from participation until the end of the religious observance - Acknowledge the athlete's religious convictions, and ensure the athlete gets caloric and fluid intake during the evening hours - Arrange with the team physician to provide IV fluids and glucose during the religious observance - Work with the coach to schedule training sessions after sundown

Acknowledge the athlete's religious convictions, and ensure the athlete gets caloric and fluid intake during the evening hours

Which of the following athletes is most at risk for developing Sever's disease? - An 11-year-old competitive male soccer player - A 12-year-old female freestyle swimmer - A 14-year-old elite female gymnast - A 16-year-old male interior lineman - A 13-year-old female track athlete

An 11-year-old competitive male soccer player

Which of the following recommendations is in alignment with the Inter-Association Task Force for Preventing Sudden Death in Secondary School Athletes? - An automated external defibrillator (AED) should be on-site and accessible within 1 to 3 minutes for all organized athletic activities - A resting ECG should be obtained for all secondary school athletes to make clearance decisions - Sports drinks should be available for all practices in hot environments to reduce the risk of exertional heat illness - Athletes with suspected concussion can return to activity the same day if cleared through objective concussion testing and reviewed by the school nurse and/or physician

An automated external defibrillator (AED) should be on-site and accessible within 1 to 3 minutes for all organized athletic activities

For which of the following classifications of over-the-counter medications is relief of headache pain an indication? - Antihistamine - Antipruritic - Antipyretic - Analgesic

Analgesic

Twenty minutes into a soccer practice a player reports watery, itchy eyes; itchy throat and tongue; and red, raised areas of skin. You suspect this athlete is experiencing an environmental allergic reaction. What type of drug can best address this athlete's symptoms? - Antihistamine - Antiemetic - Decongestant - Expectorant

Antihistamine

A student-athlete reports to the athletic training facility with a chief complaint of a chronic cough that is keeping her up all night and interfering with her ability to complete schoolwork. After completing a medical examination, you send this patient to the local drug store with instructions to purchase an over-the-counter (OTC) cough suppressant such as dextromethorphan (Delsym). In which drug category is this medication? - Antihistamine - Antibiotic - Analgesic - Antitussive

Antitussive

Which of the following actions would be most helpful in minimizing injuries common to participation on artificial turf? - Encourage athletes to wear longer cleats - Apply extra padding and taping to athletes' exposed skin - Encourage athletes to wear heel cups inside their cleats - Tape longitudinal arches of each athlete - Encourage athletes to wear two pairs of socks with the outside pair inside out

Apply extra padding and taping to athletes' exposed skin

After gathering a medical history and conducting a physical examination of your patient's painful shoulder, you determine one of his problems is decreased passive internal rotation attributed to decreased joint mobility/joint play of his glenohumeral joint. Based on this examination finding, which of the following therapeutic procedures could be included in this patient's treatment plan? Select all that apply. A: Intermittent compression B: Capsule stretch exercise C: Thermal ultrasound D: Active and passive range of motion exercises E: Joint mobilization F: Proprioception exercises G: Biofeedback

B, C, D, E

Which of the following forms should be signed to minimize potential legal ramifications of the preparticipation physical examination? - Waiver of liability - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) disclosure form - Permission to bill insurance form - Drug testing consent form - Consent to Treat form

Consent to Treat form

Vital signs should be assessed and repeated at regular intervals during the physical examination of an athlete who has sustained head trauma. What measurement of blood pressure (BP) may be a sign of intracranial bleeding? - Pulse pressure less than 40 mm Hg - BP that decreases after a high postexercise measurement - BP that continues to increase over time - Negative pulse pressure

BP that continues to increase over time

Which of the following is considered an intrinsic risk factor? - Being a female high school athlete - Practicing when the temperature is 85 degrees Fahrenheit and the humidity is 85% - Running on a cross country wooded trail - Using an inflatable bladder football helmet - Participating in a contact sport

Being a female high school athlete

Your junior varsity softball coach calls you from a road trip to report that his starting pitcher sustained a blow to the anterior aspect of her lower leg when she was unable to field a batted ball. The player is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. Two days later, you receive a call from the athlete's mother who is concerned about her daughter's injury. She states that her daughter's leg is now very red and warm, and the skin appears tight. Which of the following conditions has this athlete most likely developed? - Contusion that is entering the repair phase - Anterior compartment syndrome - Osteochondral defect - Synovitis - Cellulitis

Cellulitis

Which of the following theories of pain management is most likely employed when an athletic trainer uses the massage technique of ischemic compression to stimulate myofascial trigger points? - Ascending mechanism of the gate control theory - Endogenous opiates - Central biasing - Cognitive influence

Central biasing

Which condition is characterized by redness, tingling, swelling, and pain in the fingers or toes during exposure to cold, wet conditions over an extended period of time of 1 to 5 hours? - Chilblains - Frost nip - Superficial frostbite - Deep frostbite

Chilblains

Strength and conditioning programs often incorporate plyometric exercises to develop muscular power. What is the most important consideration when adding plyometric exercises to a fitness program? - Client's muscular strength - Client's speed of movement, quickness - Client's total body weight - Client's ability to properly execute each exercise

Client's ability to properly execute each exercise

A youth ice hockey player receives a violent check into the boards by an overly aggressive opponent. He comes off the ice complaining of shortness of breath and right side chest pain. If this athlete has sustained a tension pneumothorax, what are other signs and symptoms that he could experience? - Anoxia, dyspnea, coughing up of frothy blood, and a right tracheal shift - Difficult and painful breathing, coughing up of frothy blood, signs of shock - Purple discoloration of the upper trunk and head, bright red conjunctiva of eyes, cessation of breathing - Cyanosis, absence of breath sounds, distention of neck veins, and a left tracheal shift

Cyanosis, absence of breath sounds, distention of neck veins, and a left tracheal shift

What are the common cardiovascular adaptations to a long-term dynamic exercise training program that includes exercises such as running and swimming? Select all that apply. A: Decrease in cardiac output B: Decreased stroke volume C: Decreased diastolic volume D: Decreased resting heart rate E: Increased cardiac output F: Increased stroke volume

D, E, F

When performing the quick orthopedic screening as part of the preparticipation examination, the athlete is asked to abduct the shoulders to 90 degrees and hold that position against downward pressure by the examiner. What is being tested during this part of the screening? - Trapezius strength - Shoulder range of motion - Deltoid strength - Shoulder symmetry

Deltoid strength

When evaluating a patient with low back pain, which of the following conditions should be screened for, as it may exacerbate the condition and result in poor outcomes? - Incontinence - Celiac disease - Gastritis - Depression

Depression

Which type of pain is sharp and well localized? - Myotomic - Sclerotomic - Dermatomic - Neurogenic

Dermatomic

Which of the following iontophoresis medications is indicated for the treatment of inflammation? - Lidocaine with epinephrine - Dexamethasone - Acetic acid - Lidocaine

Dexamethasone

What test is used to confirm the presence of drugs during a urinalysis if the initial test is positive? - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) - Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) - Liquid chromatography (LC) - Mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (MS-MS)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

A university athletic trainer is part of a committee that is reviewing and revising the university's emergency action plan (EAP). When revising the plan for the outdoor sports venues, what important pieces of information should be included? - Identified safe shelters for spectators, posted evacuation routes, and a script for the public address announcer notifying spectators of directions for evacuation and moving to safe shelter - Identified safe shelters for participants and game officials, directions for obtaining refunds for tickets, and posted notifications of length of delays - Chart detailing weather-related emergency considerations, including temperature, humidity, wind chill, and method for calculating flash to bang time - Emergency contact numbers and street address of the venue, policies for making weather-related emergency cancellations, and written plan for debriefing following an emergency

Identified safe shelters for spectators, posted evacuation routes, and a script for the public address announcer notifying spectators of directions for evacuation and moving to safe shelter

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on management of the cervical spine-injured athlete, which of the following statements is correct regarding face mask removal? - If the face mask cannot be removed in a reasonable amount of time, the helmet should be removed in the safest manner possible - If the face mask cannot be removed in a reasonable amount of time, a pocket mask should be inserted under the face mask while ensuring cervical stabilization - If the face mask must be removed, cutting tools are generally faster and produce less head movement than powered (cordless) screwdrivers - Once the decision to immobilize and transport has been made, the athletic trainer should allow the paramedics to determine whether the face mask should be removed - The face mask should be removed before a primary assessment to ensure the most accurate evaluation of the airway

If the face mask cannot be removed in a reasonable amount of time, the helmet should be removed in the safest manner possible

What is the advantage of using a database instead of a spreadsheet for maintaining medical records? - Information can be more easily retrieved - Data can be more easily sorted - Data can be downloaded into statistical software for analysis and report formation - Information can be searched for based on individual fields

Information can be more easily retrieved

You are observing the gait cycle in an athlete who is status post anterior cruciate ligament repair. The athlete lacks the last 10 degrees of extension. In which phase of the gait cycle would this deficit be most apparent? - Midstance - Preswing - Initial contact - Midswing - Terminal stance

Initial contact

Therapeutic modalities are used for primary pain control, secondary pain control, or both. Superficial heat and cold modalities are examples of secondary pain control techniques. What is secondary pain control? - Removing or reducing the mechanical stimulus that is triggering the nociceptors and creating the feeling of pain - Changing the direction of transmission of nociceptor impulses to prevent impulses from reaching the brain - Interrupting the transmission of nociceptor impulses along the central nervous system and/or interrupting these impulses in the brain - Removing or reducing the chemical stimulus that is triggering the nociceptors and creating the feeling of pain

Interrupting the transmission of nociceptor impulses along the central nervous system and/or interrupting these impulses in the brain

What is the first step that should be taken when providing immediate care for a chemical burn of the eye? - Irrigate eye with a solution of sodium bicarbonate - Clean eye with a sterile cloth - Cover eye with a moist sterile cloth - Irrigate eye with copious amounts of clear water - Irrigate eye with a hypertonic glucose solution

Irrigate eye with copious amounts of clear water

Why is horizontal adduction limited when an athlete has sustained an acromioclavicular separation? - It approximates the joint surfaces, creating pressure and pain - It distracts the joint surfaces, stretching damaged tissue and creating pain - Horizontal adduction is not limited - It causes impingement of the rotator cuff in the subacromial space, creating pain - It causes the biceps tendon to create a traction force at the joint, creating pain

It approximates the joint surfaces, creating pressure and pain

Which of the following conditions would be a contraindication to the use of grade III or IV joint mobilization? - Joint effusion - Pain - Hypomobile joint - Joint adhesions

Joint effusion

Based on outcome data, which of the following statements regarding knee special tests is the most accurate? - The anterior drawer test is the best indicator of an isolated anterior cruciate ligament tear - Lachman's test is the best indicator of anterior cruciate ligament injury, especially the posterolateral band - The active drawer test is a better indicator of anterior cruciate insufficiency than of posterior cruciate insufficiency - The pivot shift test may be the most sensitive and accurate test for assessing posterior tibiofemoral instability - The jerk test is more sensitive and accurate than the pivot shift test

Lachman's test is the best indicator of anterior cruciate ligament injury, especially the posterolateral band

An athletic trainer who uses a therapeutic modality in a contraindicated manner could be found guilty of which type of negligence? - Malfeasance - Nonfeasance - Breach of duty - Tort - Misfeasance

Misfeasance

What is the benefit of having two rescuers conducting an on-field assessment in a non-head-related or non-spine-related injury? - One can conduct an upper quarter screen, while the other conducts a lower quarter screen - One can conduct the assessment, while the other communicates with bystanders and calms the patient - One can call the team physician, while the other provides care - One can hold the athlete down to keep him from moving, while the other conducts special tests

One can conduct the assessment, while the other communicates with bystanders and calms the patient

A sports medicine program has developed a strategic plan to translate its strategic vision into a useful operational plan. Three types of operational plans are policies, processes, and procedures. Place each of the items listed in the table provided according to whether the plan is a policy, a process, or a procedure. A: Distribution of medications B: Screening of athletes for contraindications to fluoroscope evaluation C: Injury recognition D: Organization and administration E: Outside services/second opinions F: Medical records archiving G: List of medical forms to be given to student athlete seeking a second opinion H: Education and counseling I: Method of scheduling an appointment for general medical clinic

Policy: A, E, F Process: C, D, H Procedure: B, G, I

While conducting a physical examination of an athlete with a brachial plexus injury you have chosen to assess the athlete's cervical myotomes. To assess the C6 myotome, what action should you have the athlete perform? - Resisted elbow flexion - Resisted elbow extension - Resisted wrist flexion - Resisted shoulder abduction - Resisted finger abduction

Resisted elbow flexion

You have been caring for an athlete who is unconscious, but his vital signs are stable, and you do not suspect a cervical spine injury. Before arriving on the scene, emergency medical services (EMS) personnel request that you position the athlete in the recovery position and monitor vital signs. Which of the following best describes this position? - Side-lying on the left side with the left arm moved aside and the right arm draped across the body as support and the right leg crossed over the left - Side-lying on the right side with right arm moved aside and the left arm draped across the body as support and the right leg crossed over the left - Side-lying on the right side with right arm moved aside and the left arm draped across the body as support and the left leg crossed over the right - Side-lying on the left side with the left arm moved aside and the right arm draped across the body as support and the left leg crossed over the right - Side-lying on the right side with both arms overhead, next to the ears and the left leg crossed over the right

Side-lying on the left side with the left arm moved aside and the right arm draped across the body as support and the right leg crossed over the left

Clinicians need to introduce exercises to develop strength, power, and agility at various stages throughout the rehabilitation process. Using the table, categorize each of the exercises listed as an exercise to address strength, power, or agility. All exercises will be used, and no exercise can be used twice. (Chart on Rozzi pg. 299) A: Figure-8 pattern drills B: Push-ups C: Carioca running through ladder D: Elbow curls and extensions with hand held weight E: Skipping F: Zigzag sprints G: Front box jumps H: Bent-over row exercises with rubber band I: Change of direction command drills J: Two-foot ankle hops K: Standing long jump L: Straight leg raises with ankle weight

Strength: B, D, H, L Power: E, G, J, K Agility: A, C, F, I

Which massage stroke is most effective in a patient with cystic fibrosis who needs assistance releasing fluid and mucous blockages? - Effleurage - Petrissage - Friction - Tapotement

Tapotement

A member of your field hockey team calls you in a highly emotional state to report that she came back to her residence hall room to find her roommate, who is also her teammate, unconscious on the floor with an empty bottle of pills beside her. Which of the following would be appropriate next steps? - Tell the athlete to hang up and call 911 and then report back to you on the status after they arrive - Tell the athlete that you will call 911 and the athlete should call her teammate's parents - Tell the athlete to hang up and call 911 and you will contact the poison control center and meet her at her room - Tell the athlete to have her resident advisor call 911 and then she should attempt to provide CPR

Tell the athlete to hang up and call 911 and you will contact the poison control center and meet her at her room

Which of the following correctly identifies the most appropriate intervention strategy for a medical collateral ligament (MCL) injury that occurs concurrently with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury? - The MCL should be surgically repaired when the ACL is reconstructed, as its blood supply is inadequate for healing - The MCL can be managed nonoperatively with a functional rehabilitation plan, as it has adequate blood supply for healing - The patient should be fitted with a derotation brace that will allow the MCL and ACL to heal nonoperatively - The MCL should be surgically repaired if there is associated patellar lateral instability, as the joint is unable to maintain enough inherent stability to allow healing to occur

The MCL can be managed nonoperatively with a functional rehabilitation plan, as it has adequate blood supply for healing

Emotional intelligence has been identified as a key quality of an effective leader. Which of the following best characterizes this quality? - The ability to influence through the use of personal qualities and characteristics - The ability to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself and others - The ability to gain followers because of who a person is and what he or she represents - The ability to be visible to be available, and to communicate vision

The ability to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself and others

Which of the following injurious factors is the most significant determinant as to whether an athlete will sustain a first-degree or second-degree lateral ankle sprain? - The amount of eversion at the subtalar joint - The amount of inversion at the subtalar joint - The amount of eversion combined with torsion at the subtalar joint - The amount of inversion at the subtalar joint combined with plantar flexion at the talocrural joint - The amount of plantar flexion at the talocrural joint

The amount of inversion at the subtalar joint combined with plantar flexion at the talocrural joint

A volleyball player reports to your athletic training facility complaining of chronic medial longitudinal arch and lower leg pain. You choose to perform a static postural assessment. Based on the photo, what do you conclude? (Image on Rozzi pg.151) - The athlete has genu valgum and hyperpronation and most likely also has hip muscle weakness - The athlete has genu varum and excessive supination - The athlete has normal lower extremity alignment - The athlete has a kypholordotic posture - The athlete has genu recurvatum and thus has an anterior cruciate ligament sprain

The athlete has genu valgum and hyperpronation and most likely also has hip muscle weakness

Dehydration in an exercising person can increase risk for exertional heatstroke. Athletes who are dehydrated need to replace fluids. Based on current research, how should fluid lost during exercise be replaced? - The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking primarily water and avoiding sports drinks - The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking water until the athlete is no longer feeling thirsty - The athlete should replace fluid by drinking more fluid than fluid lost - The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking appropriately formulated sports drinks

The athlete should replace fluid lost by drinking appropriately formulated sports drinks

When initially fitting or checking the fitting of an issued football helmet, the manufacturer's directions for proper fit should be followed carefully. Which of the following represents a correct step in fitting a football helmet? - Helmet ear holes should align with the inferior aspect of the athlete's ear lobes - Two finger widths should be available between the helmet cheek pads and the athlete's cheeks - The back of the helmet covers the base of the athlete's skull - The forehead pad of the helmet is at least three finger widths above the eyes

The back of the helmet covers the base of the athlete's skull

Two days ago you started a new job at an outpatient chronic pain rehabilitation center. While receiving training on the medical documentation used by this center, you learn that the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) system is used. When viewing the first patient's medical records you are shown the following documentation: d4500.2189. How should you interpret this documentation? - The first number following the "." is the rating of the patient's capacity to complete the activity with assistance - The "d" is the domain code of environmental factors - The four numbers following the letter on the left side of the "." indicate the item code, such as "walking short distances" - The four numbers following the "." are the ICD-10 code for the patient's condition

The four numbers following the letter on the left side of the "." indicate the item code, such as "walking short distances"

According to the Inter-Association Task Force Document on Emergency Health and Safety for youth sports leagues, who is responsible for development, communication, and implementation of emergency action plans (EAPs) in youth sports? - The local member leader (commissioner, director, or league safety officer) - The national governing body leadership - Local emergency medical services (EMS) - Head coaches of each team

The local member leader (commissioner, director, or league safety officer)

Which of the following is the best material for constructing a functional protective device to protect a humeral exostosis? - Plaster cast material and orthopedic felt - Thermo-moldable plastic and adhesive moleskin - Fiberglass roll and orthopedic felt - Thermo-moldable plastic and closed-cell foam - Adhesive Sorbothane and adhesive felt

Thermo-moldable plastic and closed-cell foam

During an incident in which the automated external defibrillator (AED) is used, which of the following should be included in the postevent documentation? - Time of collapse, time AED was used, and time advanced help arrived - Copy of the patient's medical history form - Log of persons who witnessed the event so that counseling can be provided - Names and ID numbers of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel who responded to the event

Time of collapse, time AED was used, and time advanced help arrived

A patient with a history of bilateral heel and arch pain reports a daily pattern of pain that is worse in the morning, especially with the first few steps, but decreases with activity throughout the day. To what is this pain pattern attributed? - Muscular fatigue - Referred pain - Acute inflammatory response - Tissue creep

Tissue creep

Your client is using isometric strengthening exercises as part of a work hardening program and has been instructed to breathe while performing the exercises. Why is breathing during isometric exercises recommended? - To maximize blood flow to the client's working muscles - To control the client's heart rate - To minimize accumulation of metabolic by-products in the client's working muscles - To avoid a rapid increase in the client's blood pressure

To avoid a rapid increase in the client's blood pressure

When initiating a lower extremity plyometric training program during the rehabilitation of an athlete with patellar tendonitis, which of the following exercises should be completed in the first week of the program? - Two-legged one-box side jump - Two-legged side-to-side line jumping - Single-leg plyometric leg press - Lateral step-overs - Side-to-side bounding

Two-legged side-to-side line jumping

Which is the only therapeutic modality for which federal performance standards currently exist? - Ultrasound - Electrical stimulation - Phoresor - Paraffin bath - Mechanical cervical traction

Ultrasound

When assessed by an automated external defibrillator (AED), which of the following is the most commonly occurring initial cardiac rhythm in a patient with sudden cardiac arrest? - Pulseless electrical activity - Asystole - Atrial fibrillation - Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular fibrillation

When an adult chooses to participate in a sport, the knowledge of potential risks is in most cases clearly understood. Should an injury situation arise, when would the injured adult athlete assume none of the risk? - When the athlete does not fully comprehend the assumption of risk policy - When the athlete has never played the sport before the season in which the injury occurs - When the athlete makes no effort to determine hazards, associated with the sport - When the athlete chooses not to sign the assumption of risk statement - When the athlete is not warned of the dangers associated with participation

When the athlete is not warned of the dangers associated with participation

A collegiate football player presents with a subungual hematoma he sustained 16 hours ago during practice when his finger was smashed between two helmets. On examination he reports pain of 8 out of 10 with a constant throbbing sensation, and there are no signs of a distal phalanx fracture. To alleviate his pain you plan to drain the nail bed using an 18-guage needle as a handheld drill. Which of the following is a component of this procedure? - Apply a local anesthetic to the nail, nail bed, and tissues surrounding the nail - Position the 18-guage needle tip at the very distal end of the nail - While holding the hub of the needle between your thumb and index finger, roll the needle back and forth quickly until blood begins to emerge from the hole - Once drilling produces blood from the hole, press the needle into the nail bed to allow for additional blood drainage

While holding the hub of the needle between your thumb and index finger, roll the needle back and forth quickly until blood begins to emerge from the hole

You are directing shoulder rehabilitation for a competitive collegiate female tennis player, who confides in you that she is struggling with feelings of loss of control when it comes to her tennis life. This information is consistent with the athlete's decreased rehabilitation program compliance and more negative attitude. What action should you take to best address this athlete's feelings of loss of control and support her in her psychological recovery while she physically recovers? - Establish a professional working relationship with this athlete - Work with this patient in setting short-term and long-term treatment goals - Create a support system for this athlete with members who can provide words of encouragement and get her involved in activities that will distract her from thoughts of tennis - Change the components of her rehabilitation program, making them more interesting, fun, and challenging yet achieveable

Work with this patient in setting short-term and long-term treatment goals

Which of the following people should be included in a worksite ergonomic risk assessment? - Worker's direct supervisor, stockholders in the company, and risk management coordinator - Worker, director of human resources, and athletic trainer - Facility nurse, director of human resources, and athletic trainer - Worker, athletic trainer, and occupational therapist - Safety engineer, risk management coordinator, and director of facility security

Worker, athletic trainer, and occupational therapist

Which of the following descriptions best defines an emergency action plan (EAP)? - Written document that defines the standard of care required in every conceivable event during an emergency situation - Step-by-step procedures that are specific to the needs of each institution and the athletic facility during an emergency situation - A statement that will drive the institution's functional goals, which in turn formulate all medical operating procedures - Detailed plan that describes the roles of involved personnel during an emergency situation - Written, site-specific plan for transporting injured athletes in an emergency situation

Written document that defines the standard of care required in every conceivable event during an emergency situation

You are performing a manual muscle test for the deltoid and supraspinatus. You stand to the side and just behind the athlete, who is seated on the end of a treatment table. You place one hand on the patient's shoulder and the other hand on the distal aspect of the patient's humerus just superior to the lateral epicondyle. What instructions should you give the patient? - "I am going to move your arm to the start position, and then I want you to pull your arm down toward your body, and I am going to resist you" - "I am going to move your arm to the start position, and then I want you to hold that position, pulling your forearm up toward the ceiling in front of your body while I try to push your arm down" - "I am going to move your arm to the start position and then I want you to hold that position, not letting me push your arm down. You keep pushing up toward the ceiling with your elbow and upper arm" - "I want you to extend your arm and raise it out to the side at shoulder level. Now pull your arm across your body, keeping your elbow straight, and I'm going to resist you"

"I am going to move your arm to the start position and then I want you to hold that position, not letting me push your arm down. You keep pushing up toward the ceiling with your elbow and upper arm"

You have selected shortwave diathermy to increase tissue temperature in a patient's hamstring. Before treatment, you communicate to the patient expected sensations. Which of the following statements made by the patient during the treatment might indicate that the tissue is being overheated? - "I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring" - "I feel like the muscle is contracting" - "It feels really, really hot, but not burning" - "I feel like I am starting to sweat"

"I feel a really deep ache in my hamstring"

You are treating an athlete for an acute low back injury with pulsed ultrasound. The athlete's mother wants to know why you are not using pulsed shortwave diathermy, as she received that treatment when undergoing physical therapy for a back injury and had great results. How might you respond? - "My research of current academic resources and scholarly literature does not support the efficacy of nonthermal shortwave diathermy" - "If you can get me the parameters your therapists used, we can try it" - "I am not as familiar with that treatment protocol so we will stick with a treatment I am comfortable using" - "Diathermy has many more contraindications and precautions that need to be taken into consideration compared with ultrasound, so I think it is safer to use ultrasound"

"My research of current academic resources and scholarly literature does not support the efficacy of nonthermal shortwave diathermy"

During the management of a major bleeding incident, an athletic trainer is exposed to a patient's blood and bodily fluids when they splatter onto the athletic trainer's face and clothes. In accordance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines, what must the athletic trainer's employer provide as a result of this exposure? - Prophylactic treatment for the most commonly transmitted bloodborne pathogen-related illness - Blood testing of the athlete with results reported to the athletic trainer - Monetary compensation for exposure due to a hazardous work environment - A confidential medical evaluation and counseling as needed

A confidential medical evaluation and counseling as needed

Rules have been instituted in some sports to minimize the risk of injury to participants. In 1976 the practice of spearing was deemed illegal. What action constitutes spearing? - During a tackle, two football players collide and, just before they hit the ground, their face masks make contact - A defensive back tackles a receiver, making initial contact with his helmet - A defensive lineman sacks the quarterback and, as they hit the ground, the top of the lineman's helmet contacts the face mask of the quarterback - A running back jumps over two downed players on the goal line and lands on the top of his head in the end zone - A running back running down the sideline gets wrapped up by a linebacker, and as he turns away to escape the tackle the top of his helmet hits the face mask of the defensive back

A defensive back tackles a receiver, making initial contact with his helmet

To effectively incorporate best practices into selecting special and diagnostic tests for patient examinations, clinicians need to obtain and be able to interpret published research. Which of the following clinical diagnostic tests is most useful in detecting a musculoskeletal pathology? - A diagnostic test with a negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.50 - A diagnostic test with an interrater reliability measure of 0.45 - A diagnostic test with a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 1.0 - A diagnostic test with an intrarater reliability measure of 0.85

A diagnostic test with an intrarater reliability measure of 0.85

While inspecting an athlete's pupils, you note that one pupil is larger than the other. Before concluding that this is a symptom of this athlete's acute injury, you need to rule out which previously existing or congenital condition? - Anisocoria - Astigmatism - Myopia - Nystagmus - Glaucoma

Anisocoria

A collegiate student athlete with seasonal allergies reports to the athletic training facility before practice complaining of itchy, watery eyes; runny nose; and scratchy throat. Which of the following antihistamines would be most appropriate for this student athlete? - Tavist - Benadryl - Claritin - Actifed - Chlor-Trimeton

Claritin

In 2012 the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) released the official statement entitled "Time Outs Before Athletic Events Recommended for Health Care Providers." What is the purpose of the recommended "time out"? - Ensure all the athletic health-care professionals who comprise the emergency response team go through a pre-athletic event checklist reviewing the venue's emergency action plan (EAP) - Ensure all the athletic health-care professionals providing emergency care for a specific sport event have appropriate and current first responder certifications and are willing to provide care in case of an emergency - Make certain all emergency equipment and first aid supplies are complete, in excellent working order, and easily accessible to all persons involved in any aspect of athletic healthcare for a specific sporting event - Ensure all the athletic health-care professionals for a specific sport have reviewed the medical records of all participants, have access to participant emergency contact information (cards), and have adequate knowledge for using any potentially necessary emergency equipment and first aid supplies

Ensure all the athletic health-care professionals who comprise the emergency response team go through a pre-athletic event checklist reviewing the venue's emergency action plan (EAP)

Just as the football leaves the foot of the punter he is rushed by opposing players, and with his hip in 90 degrees of forward flexion he sustains an axial load along the femur. The athlete has fallen to the ground and is expressing extreme pain. On inspection of this injured athlete, you note his involved leg is slightly flexed, adducted, and internally rotated at the hip joint. What condition should be included in your initial differential diagnosis? - Hip pointer - Athletic pubalgia - Hip joint dislocation - Trochanteric bursitis

Hip joint dislocation

You are reviewing dictation from a physician's clinic and hear the following information: HEENT: EOMI, PERRLA. Which of the following best illustrates how you would transcribe this information into a SOAP note? - In the objective section: Head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat - extraocular muscles intact; pupils equal, regular, react to light, accommodation - In the assessment section: Head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat - extraocular muscles intact; pupils equal, regular, react to light, accommodation - In the objective section: Head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat - equal occlusion of mandible intact; patient excited, reactive, resistant to Likert assessment - In the assessment section: Head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat - equal occlusion of mandible intact; patient excited, reactive, resistant to Likert assessment - In the assessment section: Head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat - early onset myopic insufficiency; patient educated regarding referral for lens assessment

In the objective section: Head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat - extraocular muscles intact; pupils equal, regular, react to light, accommodation

An athlete has been prescribed amoxicillin to treat an acute bronchial infection. What is the mechanism of action of this drug? - It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis - It inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis - It inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis - It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

What type of insurance should athletic trainers maintain while practicing in the field? - Professional liability - Catastrophic event - Accident - Life - Indemnity

Professional liability

While you are covering a swim meet, a swimmer sustains a suspected cervical spine injury. The lifeguard covering the event maintains cervical stabilization and together you determine the athlete needs to be placed on a spine board. How is this best accomplished? - The athlete is placed in a cervical collar and then moved to the deck to be spine boarded - The athlete's arms are raised overhead by the ears to provide cervical stabilization and then a rescuer on the deck pulls the athlete onto the deck while a rescuer in the pool guides and lifts the athlete's body onto the deck to be spine boarded - The lifeguard maintains cervical stabilization while a second rescuer submerges a spine board under the athlete, who is then strapped onto the board and lifted out of the water - The lifeguard maintains cervical stabilization while the spine board is floated in the pool. Several bystanders are recruited to lift and slide the athlete onto the board, and then the athlete is strapped onto the board and lifted out of the water

The lifeguard maintains cervical stabilization while a second rescuer submerges a spine board under the athlete, who is then strapped onto the board and lifted out of the water

After a big win, the members of your soccer team throw a party where alcohol is served. In the early morning hours, a player calls you because he is unable to wake his teammate. You ask the player what the teammate actually did. What is the role of the player in the immediate care of the ill teammate? - The player should relate information only about the teammate's current condition - The player should be completely honest about the evening's activities - The player should avoid providing details without the teammate's permission - The player should request that the athletic trainer keep all provided information strictly between them - The player should convene a team meeting to make sure all players provide the same story

The player should be completely honest about the evening's activities

Which of the following is considered a purpose of dynamic (mobilization) splints? - To correct an existing deformity - To prevent further deformity - To immobilize - To provide support for joint laxity and ligament injury - To prevent a soft tissue contracture

To correct an existing deformity

What is the purpose of a preincident survey by local emergency medical personnel? - Identify current levels of satisfaction from local citizens regarding emergency response - Identify amount of times it takes to reach individual venues - Visit specific venues identified in an emergency action plan (EAP) to identify potential problems or poorly accessible areas - Survey local sports medicine personnel to determine role of emergency medical services staff when responding to sports-related emergencies

Visit specific venues identified in an emergency action plan (EAP) to identify potential problems or poorly accessible areas

A sports medicine budget is an effective way for athletic trainers to plan the financial activity of their program. There are six different budgeting models for developing a sports medicine budget, each with its own requirements, advantages, and limitations. Using the table provided, assign each statement to a budgeting method. (Zero-based, Fixed, Variable, Lump-sum, Line-item, Performance) A: When a monthly revenue is lower than anticipated, expenditures must be reduced for that month B: Athletic trainer is provided a fixed sum of money and the authority to spend it as desired C: Mini-budgets are developed for each program activity D: Funds dedicated to one category are not permitted to be used for another E: Every expense must be justified without reference to previous spending patterns F: Projection of expenditures and program income is required on a month-by-month basis to determine total program costs for this fiscal year G: Expenditure for any given time period must be adjusted according to revenues for the same period H: An administrator must hold an athletic trainer accountable for all spending after the money has been spent I: Model is useful for determining the likely cash flow at various time throughout the year J: The athletic trainer lists anticipated expenditures in specific categories, so model is easy to prepare and understand K: The functions of the sports medicine program are delineated into discrete activities with funds allocated to each activity as needed to accomplish the activity L: Can be excellent tool for developing program priorities

Zero-based budgeting: E, L Fixed budgeting: F, I Variable budgeting: A, G Lump-sum budgeting: B, H Line-item budgeting: D, J Performance budgeting: C, K

To encourage patient treatment compliance and patient self-motivation, clinicians should clearly and objectively define what is meant by program adherence and articulate this definition to their patients. Which of the following communications from the clinician to the patient can achieve this goal? - "Bring a positive attitude with you to each appointment" - "We'll need to meet three times a week for the next 4 weeks" - "Try to avoid doing too much physical activity when you are home" - "Let me know what exercises you like completing and which ones you don't like"

"We'll need to meet three times a week for the next 4 weeks"

A volleyball outside hitter with chronic rotator cuff inflammation has continued to practice and compete. As a result, her hitting mechanics have changed, resulting in increased loads on other structures surrounding the joint. The athlete begins to demonstrate decreased range of motion and strength. The athlete is referred for evaluation by the team physician who diagnoses the athlete with a granuloma in her supraspinatus. How would you explain this injury to the athlete? - "You have a trigger point, which is a tight, tender band of tight muscle tissue" - "You have a collection of muscle proteins that have not been reabsorbed" - "You have a small band of dead tissue as a result of the continued inflammation" - "You have a hard mass of fibrous tissue that has developed as a result of the continued inflammation"

"You have a hard mass of fibrous tissue that has developed as a result of the continued inflammation"

In which population is the use of maximal isometric contractions for strength gains contraindicated? - A 28-year-old male basketball player with hypertension - A 14-year-old baseball player with open epiphyseal plates - A 65-year-old female golfer with history of low back pain - A 35-year-old male tennis player with type 1 diabetes - 20-year-old female basketball player with sickle cell trait

A 28-year-old male basketball player with hypertension

An athletic trainer is counseling an older athlete who has recently been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The osteoarthritis appears to have resulted from several previous knee injuries, including an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and medical meniscectomy. How would you characterize this injury? - A syndrome - A sequela - A prognosis - An etiology

A sequela

Your patient reports feeling thoracic area pulling and tightness when she flexes her cervical spine (chin to chest). To address this, you are including in her treatment plan the myofascial technique illustrated in the photo. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding this treatment? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.302) A: This myofascial technique is referred to as focused stretching B: This technique is able to release only localized superficial fascial restrictions C: This technique is indicated for large muscle groups D: This myofascial technique is referred to as muscle stripping E: This technique is similar to petrissage except that it addresses fascia instead of muscle F: This technique is used to reduce superficial or deep adhesions G: This technique uses slow, deep pressure to stretch the tissues H: This myofascial technique is referred to as skin rolling I: This technique takes advantage of the tissue stretching phenomenon known as creep

A, C, F, G, I

A cross country runner reports to the athletic training room complaining of malaise, fatigue, and a sore throat. You consult your team physician, who orders a rapid strep test and asks you to call him with the results. The test is positive. What should you conclude from these results? Select all that apply. A: The athlete may need to be tested for mononucleosis B: The test has ruled out strep throat; therefore, the athlete has pharyngitis C: The athlete should be prescribed an antibiotic D: The athlete does not need an antibiotic prescription E: The test has ruled out mononucleosis F: This athlete is a carrier of Epstein-Barr virus G: The athlete has strep throat caused by Streptococcus bacteria

A, C, G

A patient reports to your sports medicine clinic with paperwork from her physician indicating she has been diagnosed with right shoulder secondary external impingement. How can you best explain to this patient her diagnosis? Select all that apply. A: External impingement, also known as subacromial impingement, occurs outside the joint in the subacromial space B: External impingement is strongly associated with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and anterior glenohumeral joint instability C: Secondary external impingement, in contrast to primary, results from structural abnormalities, such as a hooked acromion that decreases the subacromial space D: Secondary external impingement occurs when the limited subacromial space is the result of poor posture and glenohumeral joint instability E: Decreased muscle strength or fatigue leading to decreased humeral head depression during overhead motions leads to secondary external impingement

A, D, E

When using a wet bulb globe temperature device, what factors are assessed to determine relative heat stress? - Air temperature, humidity, and radiant heat in the local environment - Air temperature and humidity - Air temperature, humidity, and wind speed - Air temperature, dew point, and radiant heat in the local environment - Humidity and radiant heat in the local environment

Air temperature, humidity, and radiant heat in the local environment

An athletic trainer is using a contract-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching technique to improve flexibility of an athlete's hamstrings. The hip is passively moved into flexion, and then the athlete is asked to contract the hamstrings against resistance provided by the athletic trainer. In this example, what role are the hamstrings playing? - Antagonist - Agonist - Synergist - Initiator - Inhibitor

Antagonist

When treating an athlete with chilblains, which of the following treatments would be contraindicated? - Applying friction massage to rewarm the tissue - Removing wet or constrictive clothing - Washing or drying the area - Covering the affected area - Placing a space heater near the patient

Applying friction massage to rewarm the tissue

Sports medicine physicians and health-care professionals may recommend an athlete with certain medical conditions or injuries discontinue or not commence participation in certain sports or physical activity. What person can make the final decision regarding disqualification of an athlete? - Team physician - Athletic director - Athlete - Athletic trainer

Athlete

Athletic trainers should establish hygiene and sanitation policies for athletic training clinics. Which of the following are important athletic training clinic policies? Select all that apply. A: Only food and drinks in covered containers should be allowed in treatment and taping areas B: In nonemergency cases, athletes who have completed a workout should shower with antimicrobial soap before receiving care C: Sports equipment, including balls, bats, and sticks, should remain out of the facility D: Shoes should be kept off tables E: Treatment and taping tables as well as hydrotherapy modalities should be cleaned and disinfected daily F: Only nonflash photography should be used for taking photos and postings for social media

B, C, D, E

Properly fitted mouth guards have been shown to be effective in protecting athletes against orofacial injuries. To properly select and maintain mouth guards, what instructions should be provided to coaches, athletes, and athletes' parents? Select all that apply. A: Coaches and parents should be instructed to select only mouth guards meeting national safety standards B: Athletes should be instructed to clean the mouth guard before and after each use by using a mild antimicrobial soap C: Coaches and parents of young athletes should be instructed to regularly inspect mouth guards for fit and retention D: Athletes should be instructed to inspect the mouth guard daily for fit and damage E: Athletes should be instructed to cut off any tears in the mouth guard material F: Athletes should be instructed to store mouth guards in clean, rigid, ventilated plastic containers G: Athletes should be instructed to allow mouth guards to sit in direct sunlight or over a heating source (electric heater, radiator, etc) after each use

B, C, D, F

Your patient presents with a history of unilateral shoulder pain and weakness. After assessing glenohumeral joint active, passive, and resisted range of motion, you note a significant deficit in glenohumeral joint extension force production of his involved shoulder. Exercises focused on what primary and secondary movers should be included in your patient's treatment plan to address this deficit? Select all that apply. A: Supraspinatus B: Teres major C: Teres minor D: Pectoralis major E: Middle trapezius F: Triceps G: Infraspinatus H: Subscapularis I: Latissimus dorsi J: Posterior deltoid

B, C, F, I, J

According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on head-down tackling and spearing in football, what components should be included in the required educational session for students and parents before the start of the season? Select all that apply. A: Approved and nonapproved tackling drills B: Correct fitting of football equipment C: Mechanisms of injury D: Tackling rules and associated penalties E: Safe tackling positions F: Number, severity, and outcomes of these injuries

C, D, E, F

The sports medicine coordinator of a hospital-based sports medicine outreach program elects to supervise her employees through a process in which employees are empowered to discuss problems, provide solutions, and creatively problem-solve with the goal of improving employees and the services provided. How would you characterize this supervisory style? - Clinical supervision - Deficit remediation - Inspection-production model - Developmental supervision

Developmental supervision

After gathering a comprehensive medical history and conducting a physical examination, a physician has diagnosed a senior collegiate gymnast with chronic sacroiliac joint pain and dysfunction. In addition to a treatment and rehabilitation program the physician feels this athlete can benefit from learning a pain management technique to increase her ability to cope with her chronic pain. Which statement regarding pain management techniques is correct? - The goal of the association technique is to create a calming image that evokes positive, delightful images - Dissociation, the process of directing attention away from the pain sensation by listening to music, watching television, or reading, has been shown to be the most effective pain management technique - Examples of dissociation techniques include diaphragmatic breathing, meditation, and muscle relaxation - When practicing soothing imagery, patients choose a setting, such as the beach, and acknowledge and reinterpret their pain by viewing it as a challenge rather than a threat

Dissociation, the process of directing attention away from the pain sensation by listening to music, watching television, or reading, has been shown to be the most effective pain management technique

A postoperative patient who has been experiencing constipation secondary to use of narcotic pain medication has been instructed to take the laxative Correctol (bisacodyl). What is the mechanism of action of this drug? - It is a fecal softener that works by facilitating formation of a fat and water mixture - It is a saline that draws water into the intestine - It is a hyperosmotic that acts as a local irritant to increase colon fluid - It is a stimulant that increases peristaltic activity - It is a bulk-forming agent that absorbs water and forms emollient gel

It is a stimulant that increases peristaltic activity

A field hockey player sustains a direct blow to her right anterior lower leg from an opponent's stick. Following your evaluation, you are concerned that the athlete may develop acute compartment syndrome. What instructions should you give the athlete before allowing her to return to her dorm for the evening? - Keep her leg elevated, ice the injury as much as possible, and go to the emergency department if she experiences any numbness, tingling, or increased pain overnight - Keep the compression wrap on until she returns for reevaluation the next morning, and take ibuprofen as needed for pain - Use crutches if walking is painful, soak in a hot bath with Epsom salt, and wear a neoprene compression sleeve while sleeping - Use the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit as instructed for pain control, take acetaminophen only as needed for pain, and go to the emergency department if these two modalities do not manage pain - Schedule an appointment with the massage therapist, use topical thermal cream to relieve pain and spasm, and call the athletic trainer if she experiences an increase in symptoms

Keep her leg elevated, ice the injury as much as possible, and go to the emergency department if she experiences any numbness, tingling, or increased pain overnight

You have been rehabilitating an athlete's shoulder for the past 4 weeks following an anterior capsular shift surgical procedure. Using a goniometer, you have assessed the athlete's active shoulder flexion to be 80 degrees. Which of the following rehabilitation components should be added to your athlete's rehabilitation program to address this limitation? - Posterior humeral glides - D1 extension pattern - Weight shifting in the quadruped position - Glenohumeral internal and external rotation with exercise band resistance - Codman's pendulum

Posterior humeral glides

You are the athletic trainer at a high school that sponsors 22 sports. There are approximately 500 athletes. For this high school, which preparticipation examination format is the most effective and efficient? - Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals before the start of each sport season (i.e., fall, winter, spring) - Provide individual examinations with the assistance of five family practice physicians stationed in individual examination rooms - Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals in the summer before the start of the school year - During the summer months, schedule individual appointments for each athlete with the team physician - Require each athlete to obtain on his or her own a physical examination through a licensed health-care provider

Provide a station-based examination with the assistance of multiple medical and health-care professionals before the start of each sport season (i.e., fall, winter, spring)

What strategy is recommended by the National Federation of State High School Association Sports Medicine Advisory Committee for management of athletes exhibiting serious signs of exertional heat illness? - Remove to a cool location and provide oral fluids - Contact the student's parents for transport to an emergency facility for treatment - Provide immediate cooling using cold water immersion or ice bags to the neck, axilla, and groin if a pool is not available - Activate emergency action plan (EAP) and wait for trained rescuers to arrive

Provide immediate cooling using cold water immersion or ice bags to the neck, axilla, and groin if a pool is not available

A slalom skier complains of pain in her right buttock that is beginning to radiate into her posterior thigh. She has no history of back pain and no reports of numbness or tingling. While the patient is lying supine on the table, you notice her right leg is slightly more laterally rotated at rest than her left leg. She notes that the pain increases when she tries to stretch by pulling her right knee toward her left shoulder. The patient is tender to palpation deep in the right buttock, and tightness is noted as well. Straight leg raise test is negative. No leg-length discrepancy is noted. Resisted hip abduction and lateral rotation increases pain. Which of the following would be an appropriate immediate treatment plan? - Remove the athlete from all activity and provide pain control modalities such as ice and electrical stimulation - Refer the athlete for diagnostic tests to rule out intra-articular pathology - Provide treatment for trigger points, perform myofascial release, and teach stretching exercises while allowing the athlete to practice as tolerated, if fully functional - Provide heel lift to allow the tissue to rest, begin strengthening exercises, and allow full activity

Provide treatment for trigger points, perform myofascial release, and teach stretching exercises while allowing the athlete to practice as tolerated, if fully functional

A diver who recently sustained a tympanic membrane rupture, which was treated with activity restriction and antibiotics, continues to complain of a sensation of air moving during a Valsalva's maneuver. Visual evaluation reveals healing with a small fissure remaining in the membrane. What would be your next step? - Continue with current treatment plan and reevaluate in 2 weeks to allow additional time for healing - Allow the athlete to return to activity as long as the ear is covered to minimize water intrusion while healing continues - Educate the athlete about strategies for minimizing water collection in the ear, signs and symptoms of possible infection, and prognosis of living with a permanent tympanic membrane fissure - Refer the athlete to an otolaryngologist for evaluation and possible grafting

Refer the athlete to an otolaryngologist for evaluation and possible grafting

An African American athlete reports for her preparticipation examination and notes she has experienced heat intolerance, severe muscle cramping, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and symptoms of hypotension during the past 6 months. Based on this information, what action should you take? - Screen for sickle cell trait - Screen for hypertension - Screen for Marfan's syndrome - Screen for type 2 diabetes mellitus - Assess her overall fitness level

Screen for sickle cell trait

A volleyball player has inverted and plantar-flexed her ankle. She complains of lateral ankle pain. On inspection, you note the presence of two tendons posterior to the lateral malleolus. What anatomic structures maintain these tendons in this position? - Superior and inferior peroneal retinacula - Superior and inferior tibial retinacula -Lateral and posterior fibular retinacula - Superior and inferior extensor retinacula - Lateral and inferior calcaneal retinacula

Superior and inferior peroneal retinacula

During assessment of the vital signs of an 8-year-old baseball player, you note the following: respiration rate of 25 breaths/min, pulse of 108 beats/min, temperature of 98 degrees Fahrenheit, and pink skin. What should you conclude? - The athlete is hyperventilating - The athlete is bradycardic - The athlete is exhibiting normal vital signs - The athlete is hyperventilating and tachycardic - The athlete is erythemic and bradycardic

The athlete is exhibiting normal vital signs

Which of the following athletes is demonstrating that he or she is acclimatized to a hot and humid environment? - The athlete who produces the least amount of sweat after 1 hour of participation - The athlete who consumes the least amount of water during the practice session - The athlete who is the first team member to begin sweating during an outdoor practice session - The athlete who has the highest heart rate during the exercise session - The athlete who demonstrates the highest percentage of sodium loss on the team

The athlete who is the first team member to begin sweating during an outdoor practice session

An athlete reports experiencing a minor seizure over the weekend. The team physician orders an electroencephalogram to assist in ruling out the presence of epilepsy and asks you to explain the purpose of the test to the athlete. How would you best explain the purpose of this test? - The purpose of this test is to record electrical activity of your heart - The purpose of this test is to assess electrical activity in the brain - The purpose of this test is to measure electrical activity in peripheral nerve tissue - The purpose of this test is to measure electrical activity in contracting muscle tissue

The purpose of this test is to assess electrical activity in the brain

You are traveling with the basketball team to an away match. You stop by the athletic training facility to meet the host athletic trainer and to introduce yourself. Why is it important to take time to converse with the host athletic trainer? - To make a professional networking connection - To demonstrate your knowledge and skills - To instill the head athletic trainer's confidence in your ability to manage the team - To avoid being rude - To make practice time pass more quickly

To make a professional networking connection

In a contusion of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, which nerve is most likely to sustain a compressive force? - Median - Radial - Brachial - Ulnar - Musculocutaneous

Ulnar

What information provides the basis for establishing clinical decision rules? - Comparison of test results to a reference standard known as the diagnostic gold standard - Measures of how positive and negative findings on a particular diagnostic test indicate the usefulness of the test - Measures of the smallest amount of change that is functionally beneficial to the patient - Validated and reliable items that have been tested across various groups that correctly predict a specific outcome

Validated and reliable items that have been tested across various groups that correctly predict a specific outcome

An athletic trainer is assessing vital signs as part of a primary survey. The athlete's pulse oximetry value is less than 90%. What is the appropriate interpretation and recommended intervention for this patient? - Value is normal; no intervention is required at this time - Value is very high; encourage patient to slow down rate of respiration - Value is on the low end of normal; encourage patient to take one or two slow deep breaths to see if value increases - Value is low; supplemental oxygen is indicated

Value is low; supplemental oxygen is indicated

A swimmer recently underwent an ulnar nerve transposition procedure. The physician's rehabilitation protocol calls for isometric shoulder exercises after the first week. How would you instruct your patient in what you want her to do? - While in your sling, place your uninvolved hand on your arm halfway between your shoulder and your elbow on the front, back, inside, and outside. Without moving your shoulder or elbow, press against your resisting hand and hold for 10 seconds. Repeat five times in each direction - Take your sling off and stand close to a wall. Face the wall and push your arm against it for 10 seconds. Keep turning your body 90 degrees until you have pushed in each direction. Repeat each direction five times - Take the small foam ball and squeeze it and think about tightening up all the muscles in your arm and then gently move your shoulder forward, backward, and out to the side approximately 6 inches, then return to the start position. Repeat 10 times in each position - While in your sling, place your uninvolved arm against the outside of your involved wrist. Rotate your shoulder out approximately 6 inches while resisting the motion. Move your resisting hand to the inside of your wrist and resist as you move back to the stating position. Repeat five times

While in your sling, place your uninvolved hand on your arm halfway between your shoulder and your elbow on the front, back, inside, and outside. Without moving your shoulder or elbow, press against your resisting hand and hold for 10 seconds. Repeat five times in each direction

Two commonly used sequences of exercises for low back pain were developed by Paul Williams and Robin McKenzie, respectively. Williams' exercises focus on postural control and reducing lumbar lordosis, and McKenzie's exercises focus on relieving pressure on intervertebral disks. Place the following exercises under the program to which they belong. A: Sit-ups with knees flexed B: Pelvic tilt C: Lying prone D: Standing and moving to full squat, ending with buttocks on heels E: Alternating single knee to chest without arching back F: Standing trunk extension G: Double knee to chest H: Seated cat-cow I: Prone press-ups J: Low lunge

William's Exercises: A, B, D, E, G, J McKenzie's Exercises: C, F, G, H, I

A field hockey player sustains a noncontact lateral patellar dislocation during play. What is the accepted method for on-field reduction of this dislocation? - With the athlete in supine, apply gentle pressure to the patella in the medial direction while the athlete actively flexes the knee - With the athlete seated, apply gentle pressure to the patella in an inferior and lateral direction while the athlete actively extends the knee - With the athlete seated, apply gentle pressure to the patella in the medial direction while the athlete actively extends the knee - With the athlete side-lying, apply gentle pressure to the patella in the medial direction while the athlete actively flexes the knee to the chest - With the athlete seated, apply gentle pressure to the patella in the superior and lateral direction while the athlete actively flexes the knee

With the athlete seated, apply gentle pressure to the patella in the medial direction while the athlete actively extends the knee

Your patient is 3 days post-acute lateral ankle sprain. The initial plan of care you have developed for this patient includes cryokinetics to increase ankle joint dorsiflexion and plantar flexion range of motion. This treatment technique combines cryotherapy to numb the involved tissues with exercise. What are the principles that should be applied to the exercises the patient performs? Select all that apply. A: All exercises must be pain-free B: All exercises should be passive, without creating any muscle contractions C: All exercise progressions should quickly move the patient to more difficult exercises D: All exercises should be active, performed solely by the patient E: All exercises should be active when the muscles are contracting concentrically, and when the joint is returning to the starting position, the motion should be performed passively F: All exercises must not increase the patient's pain above the pretreatment rating G: All exercise progressions should be conservative in nature, progressing to more difficult exercises only after multiple days of successfully completing previous exercises H: All exercises must be performed smoothly using normal movement patterns

A, C, D, H

The sports and wellness clinic where you are employed conducts health and musculoskeletal assessments for clients starting comprehensive conditioning programs. When conducting a range of motion assessment, you determine your client has a unilateral 15 degrees active elbow extension deficit when compared bilaterally. What factors may be the cause of this limited active range of motion? Select all that apply. A: Bony deposits B: Biceps muscle hypertrophy C: Scar tissue D: Biceps muscle weakness E: Inflexibility of the triceps muscle F: Inelasticity of joint capsule G: Triceps muscle weakness H: Neural tissue tightness

A, C, F, G, H

An athlete wants to gain lean muscle mass in order to improve his overall performance levels and is considering creatine supplementation. What action should you take first? - Evaluate the creatine supplement to make sure it does not include any banned substances - Assess the athlete's current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted - Educate the athlete on the advantages and disadvantages of supplements before approving its use - Conduct a thorough evidence-based review of the supplement to assess it efficacy

Assess the athlete's current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted

Football helmets should be regularly reconditioned and recertified. What are the recommended guidelines for purchasing and reconditioning football helmets? Select all that apply. A: If warranty has expired, recertify/recondition football helmets every year using a certified National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) - approved vendor B: Purchase helmets only from a NOCSAE certified authorized dealer C: Recertify/recondition football helmets according to manufacturer's warranty D: Purchase only NOCSAE-approved helmets E: Purchase the safest helmet possible and helmets for the appropriate skill level F: Recertify/recondition football helmet in compliance with state regulations

C, D, E

In addition to a rectally assessed core body temperature above 105 degrees Fahrenheit, what postcollapse symptom is the other criterion for diagnosing exertional heatstroke? - Involuntary muscle spasm - Tachycardia - Central nervous system dysfunction - Hyperventilation

Central nervous system dysfunction

An emergency action plan (EAP) should direct the emergency team to follow a CHECK-CALL-CARE system when responding to an emergency. Which of the following is an action taken during the initial CHECK? - Check ambulance route to make sure all gates, doors, and others entrances are accessible - Check the scene to make sure it is safe for you to aid the athlete - Check the athlete's medical records, noting pre-existing conditions and medication allergies - Check stability provided by the immobilization devices you have applied

Check the scene to make sure it is safe for you to aid the athlete

A runner is returning to activity following treatment for Achilles tendonitis. Which type of shoe construction would be most beneficial for this athlete? - Board-last - Slip-last - Curved-last - Combination last

Combination last

A lacrosse midfielder has been completing a sport-specific functional progression as part of his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction protocol. The athlete has been doing a great job and progressing well. Over the weekend the athlete decided that because he was feeling so good he would play a little "light" pick-up with his friends. While playing, the athlete hyperextended his knee and felt a pop. Evaluation revealed that he had ruptured his healing graft. The athlete's parents brought a lawsuit against the athletic trainer stating the athlete had not been specifically told that he could not use the sport-specific skills he was doing in rehabilitation sessions while unsupervised. What legal defense might the athletic trainer use in this situation? - Statutes of limitation - Sovereign immunity - Assumption of risk - Comparative negligence

Comparative negligence

A cheerleader who has been casted for a few days for an ulnar fracture reports to the athletic training room complaining of redness, increased pain, swelling, and extreme sensitivity to touch in the hand of her involved limb. Based on these symptoms, what condition should the athletic trainer include in an initial differential diagnosis? - Complex regional pain syndrome - Deep vein thrombosis - Neurapraxia - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Cellulitis

Complex regional pain syndrome

An athletic trainer feels a strong desire to make sure that every high school in her state has a certified athletic trainer on staff. What action might she take that would most effectively work toward her goal of improving athletic training coverage in her state? - Schedule meetings with local school boards to discuss the importance of athletic trainers - Start a statewide petition to present to the governor - Volunteer to cover events at schools without athletic trainers on her days off so more athletes are covered - Get involved in her state association to advance the profession

Get involved in her state association to advance the profession

An athlete with a 3-week history of knee pain and mild joint effusion develops a Baker's cyst. After discussions with the team physician, which test would best reveal the cause of the cyst? - X-ray - Magnetic resonance imaging - Bone scan - Diagnostic ultrasound - Complete blood count

Magnetic resonance imaging

What document can assist a head athletic trainer at a college or university in justifying the hiring of additional staff? - National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook chapter on Recommended Event Coverage - State Practice Act ratios of health-care providers to participants - National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Recommendations and Guidelines for Appropriate Medical Coverage in Intercollegiate Athletics - National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics' Recommendations for Risk Management and Hiring Practices - Intercollegiate Athletics Advisory Panel Recommendations on Necessary Medical Care

National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Recommendations and Guidelines for Appropriate Medical Coverage in Intercollegiate Athletics

While auscultating an athlete's lungs, an athletic trainer hear a low-pitched sound during inspiration and expiration that resembles the sound made when two balloons rub together. What is the name of this type of sound, and what does it indicate? - Pleural rub; indicative of conditions of the pleura, such as pleurisy - Stridor; indicative of conditions of the central airway, such as croup - Crackle; indicative of conditions of the smaller airways, usually fluid - Wheeze; indicative of airway obstruction from mucus, spasm, or foreign body - Bronchophony; indicative of obstruction of the respiratory tree such as pneumonia

Pleural rub; indicative of conditions of the pleura, such as pleurisy

When using cross-friction massage to treat supraspinatus tendinopathy, how should the patient be positioned to allow optimal exposure of the tendon? - Supine with arm abducted to 90 degrees and elbow extended - Supine with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and externally rotated - Seated with shoulder internally rotated so that back of hand is resting over lumbar spine - Seated with arm in anatomic position, extended and palm facing forward

Seated with shoulder internally rotated so that back of hand is resting over lumbar spine

You have created a hard shell pad to protect an athlete returning to play following a hip pointer injury. How might this pad best be held in place? - Secured directly to the skin with nonelastic adhesive tape - Secured under compression shorts - Secured with prewrap and elastic tape wrapped around both hips - Secured with a hip spica using an elastic bandage and tape

Secured with a hip spica using an elastic bandage and tape

Which of the following is correct regarding maintenance of sports equipment? - Repair all defective equipment within a reasonable period of time - Strictly follow a manufacturer's guidelines for equipment maintenance - Delegate equipment maintenance to coaches and players using equipment - Clean equipment using only Environmental Protection Agency-approved cleaning solutions and disinfectants

Strictly follow a manufacturer's guidelines for equipment maintenance

A wrestler is visibly uncomfortable and complains of scrotal swelling, abdominal pain, nausea, and unilateral testicular tenderness. He reports no trauma, tells you he woke up with the symptoms this morning, and says it feels like his left testicle is not in the right place. You ask him to elevate the involved testicle, but no relief is noted. What condition should you suspect, and what is the most appropriate immediate care? - Testicular torsion; refer immediately to the team physician or emergency department - Testicular torsion; apply ice and attempt manual reduction after area is numb - Epididymitis; refer to the team physician for antibiotic prescription - Epididymitis; apply ice and notify the coach that he will be unable to practice today - Hydrocele; the athlete should be scheduled to see the team physician later in the day

Testicular torsion; refer immediately to the team physician or emergency department

A football player conditioning during a summer workout collapses. Which of the following factors suggest the athlete is suffering from an exertional sickling crisis? - The collapse occurs early in the workout, and the athlete's core temperature is not greatly elevated - The collapse is associated with visible, rock-hard muscle contractions - The athlete's recently assessed core temperature is above 106 degrees Fahrenheit at collapse - The collapse is associated with excruciating pain and occurs late in the conditioning session

The collapse occurs early in the workout, and the athlete's core temperature is not greatly elevated

A 15-year-old freshman running back suffered an acute cardiac incident and died despite the care provided by the athletic trainer, coaches, and emergency medical providers. The athletics director requests that the staff members that were involved in the incident participate in a group psychological debriefing. What is the purpose of this activity? - To protect the school from any liability by having each person write down exactly what happened in his or her own words - To walk through the incident to identify possible area of improvement for future emergency situations - To discuss the stress that the other athletes and students may be experiencing and develop a plan for assisting them - To alleviate some of the distress the staff may be feeling and help expedite their personal recovery process

To alleviate some of the distress the staff may be feeling and help expedite their personal recovery process

Cycling helmets are designed to protect the head against a single traumatic impact. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for selecting and fitting a cycling helmet? - Place the helmet on the head so that the top of the helmet creates a 15 degree to 20 degree angle of incline from front to back - Adjust front straps and rear straps to position the "y" created by the straps just above the ears, evenly on each side - To check a fitted helmet, push up under the front edge trying to move the helmet backward and upward, and if it moves more than 1 in. from level, readjust straps - Adjust the chin strap so that it sits 2 finger widths below the inferior chin

To check a fitted helmet, push up under the front edge trying to move the helmet backward and upward, and if it moves more than 1 in. from level, readjust straps

A 19-year-old male collegiate athlete with a history of chronic groin pain that is exacerbated with physical activity and prolonged sitting has been diagnosed with a Cam lesion, a type of femoral acetabular impingement. Which of the following statements regarding Cam lesions is accurate? - Cam lesions are the most common hip disorder is adolescents and are more common in females than males - Cam lesions result from an abnormally shaped femoral head repetitively contacting the acetabulum and labrum - Patients with a Cam lesion present with limited hip external rotation when the hip is in 90 degrees of flexion - Cam lesions are bony outgrowths of the acetabulum that compress the femoral head during hip motions

Cam lesions result from an abnormally shaped femoral head repetitively contacting the acetabulum and labrum

An athlete you are working with shares that she was recently a victim of sexual assault. She is working with a counselor to manage the aftereffects of the trauma, but she is very worried that she is at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Initial HIV antibody testing was negative. How would you counsel the athlete based on these results? - She does not need to worry because she had a negative result from her first test - It may takes 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault - If her assailant tests positive for HIV, she will be notified - Testing should be repeated monthly for up to 2 years from initial exposure

It may takes 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault

An athlete who suffered a career-ending knee dislocation as a result of a collision during a football game is becoming consistently noncompliant with his rehabilitation plan. His roommates, who are also on the team, share that he often wakes up several times a night crying out, sweating, and breathing very quickly. He makes excuses so he does not have to attend team events, and he refuses to go back to the field where the injury occurred. What actions should the athletic trainer take? - Suspect the athlete is a harm to himself and alert public safety and residence life to begin conducting routine welfare checks - Suspect the athlete may be experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and speak to him about going to see the team psychologist - Suspect the athlete may be having repeated panic attacks and contact his parents to have him taken home for further treatment - Suspect the athlete may be experiencing adjustment disorder and begin regular cognitive behavioral therapy sessions with the athlete

Suspect the athlete may be experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and speak to him about going to see the team psychologist

What is the purpose of using a coupling medium when completing an ultrasound treatment? - To provide a conduit for the sound waves - To minimize the athlete's potential adverse reaction to sound wave transmission - To reduce the uncomfortable sensation associated with sound wave absorption - To minimize risk of accumulating harmful rebound waves - To minimize deflection of the energy by the skin

To provide a conduit for the sound waves

After evaluating data for the past 5 years on injury rates and medical expenses incurred by the athletic department, the institution elects to purchase a secondary insurance policy to cover those expenses. What type of risk management strategy is being utilized? - Avoidance - Retention - Transference - Reduction

Transference

You are conducting a preparticipation medical evaluation for all student athletes entering your institution's intercollegiate football program. To comply with recommendations in the NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook, what should be included in this evaluation? Select all that apply. A: Confirmation of sickle cell solubility status B: Musculoskeletal evaluation C: Body fat composition assessment D: Standardized, comprehensive health history E: Cardiovascular evaluation F: Immunization history as defined by current U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines G: Relevant physical examination H: Vision screening I: Neurologic evaluation

A, B, D, E, F, G, I

Based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and American Diabetes Association joint position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes, which of the following types of exercise may be most effective in controlling blood glucose levels? - Aerobic exercise - Resistance exercise - Mild whole-body combination exercise, such as yoga or tai chi - Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise combined

Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise combined

In order to maintain safety of the patient and others, which of the following conditions would need to be resolved before a patient should be allowed to participate in aquatic rehabilitation? - Fear of the water - Ear infection - Surgical scar that is 14 days old - Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection

How should you instruct an athlete to breathe while performing a bench press? - Inhale as the bar is thrust upward and exhale as the bar is lowered - Hold the breathe as the bar is lowered and inhale as the bar is is thrust upward - Inhale as the bar is lowered and exhale as the bar is thrust upward - Hold the breath until one repetition is complete - Inhale as the bar is lowered and hold the breath as the bar is thrust upward

Inhale as the bar is lowered and exhale as the bar is thrust upward

A routine dipstick urinalysis is often part of a preparticipation physical examination. The following are the results of a urinalysis: - Appearance = light yellow and cloudy - Leukocyte esterase (LE) = moderate - Nitrite = positive - Blood = nonhemolyzed moderate What condition do these urinalysis results suggest? - Dehydration - Diabetes mellitus - Disordered eating - Blocked bile duct - Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection

Immediately following tissue trauma the injured tissues should be briefly immobilized to facilitate the healing process by controlling inflammatory symptoms. Based on Wolff's law, what should follow this brief period of immobilization? - Injured structures should be administered corticosteroids to promote tissue transition into the fibroblastic repair phase - Injured structures should be subjected to controlled, progressively increasing loads to encourage them to remodel or realign along lines of tensile force - Injured structures should continue to be immobilized and activity should be restricted until the patient no longer presents with any signs and symptoms of inflammation - Injured structures should be taxed with aggressive range of motion and strengthening exercises to encourage fibrosis development during the fibroblastic repair phase

Injured structures should be subjected to controlled, progressively increasing loads to encourage them to remodel or realign along lines of tensile force

Your athletic training students would like to have a pizza party in the athletic training room during the lunch hour. Which of the following statements best explains your rationale for not allowing the students to hold the party in the athletic training room? - "Food and Drug Administration standards require that food and drink be in work areas only after designated work hours" - "The state health department guidelines for food cleanliness in a public place cannot be met with the cleaning products used in an athletic training program" - "The athletic training room cannot be closed during working hours because the athletes need ongoing, uninterrupted access" - "Department of Health and Environmental Control guidelines for health-care facilities prohibit ingesting food within 30 minutes of providing healthcare" - "Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations prohibit eating and drinking in work areas where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure"

"Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations prohibit eating and drinking in work areas where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure"

A female volleyball player reports to the high school's athletic training room complaining of bilateral nonspecific anterior knee pain and a medical history significant for patellar subluxation. You are assessing patellar alignment. Complete the table by matching the type of patellar alignment, potential causes, and the consequences to the illustrated patellar alignment. A: Patella alta B: Patella baja C: Squinting patellae D: Frog-eyed patellae E: Congenitally long patellar tendon F: Congenitally short patellar tendon G: Femoral anteversion H: Femoral retroversion I: Increased patellar mobility J: Decreased patellar mobility K: Tight medial retinaculum L: Tight lateral retinaculum

- Patella alta; Congenitally long patellar tendon; Increased patellar mobility - Patella baja; Congenitally short patellar tendon; Decreased patellar mobility - Squinting patellae; Femoral anteversion; Tight medial retinaculum - Frog-eyed patellae; Femoral retroversion; Tight lateral retinaculum

While chasing down a thrown ball, a high school female lacrosse player steps on an uneven area of grass and injures the proximal arch and heel of her right foot. As the game was played the evening before the start of the school's spring break, the player does not seek treatment for this injury until returning to school 8 days later. After gathering a history of this patient's injury and conducting an examination, you determine this patient has unilateral acute plantar fasciitis. Before starting treatments, you sit down with the patient to establish treatment goals and develop a plan of care. Selecting from the following list, complete the treatment plan table by assigning a treatment goal/approach, indicated therapeutic modalities and treatments, and therapeutic exercises to each injury healing phase. (Table on Rozzi pg. 297) A: Encourage tissue remodeling and alignment along the lines of functional stress B: Control the rate of active inflammation and limit the scope of the injury C: Encourage the repair and replacement of damaged tissues D: Thermal ultrasound as needed E: Cross friction massage F: Require patient to wear a sport shoe with a reinforced heel counter for heel control when running G: Ice pack H: Pulsed ultrasound I: Thermal ultrasound J: Rolling pin exercises K: Progressive resistance exercises for toe and ankle muscles L: Progressive running program M: Overload resistance exercise for lower extremity N: Cryokinetics O: Tape arch for daily ambulation

- Treatment Goal/Approach: [Inflammation: B, Proliferation: C, Maturation: A] - Indicated Therapeutic Modalities and Treatments: [Inflammation: G, H, Proliferation: E, I, Maturation: D, F] - Indicated Therapeutic Exercises: [Inflammation: J, N, Proliferation: K, O, Maturation: L, M]

While providing medical services for a youth summer basketball camp, you notice an athlete struggling to catch his breath. The coach has noticed the young boy too and escorts him to you. After gathering a medical history and conducting an initial assessment, you determine the athlete is suffering from an asthma attack. The athlete then tells you that when he was playing basketball this past winter his doctor diagnosed him with asthma. He then shows you his prescribed albuterol (Proventil) metered dose inhaler, but admits he has only used it once or twice in the past 6 months. How should you instruct the athlete to use the metered dose inhaler? Select only the steps that are appropriate and place the steps in the order in which the patient should perform them. Some of the steps may not be used. (Steps 1-10) A: Breathe in slowly while pressing down on the metal cartridge B: Repeat these steps when more than one inhalation is prescribed C: Remove the dust cap and shake the inhaler D: Inspect the mouthpiece for contamination and foreign objects E: Rinse your mouth with water after the prescribed number of inhalations F: Hold the inhaler upright with mouthpiece in mouth, with lips closed tightly around the mouthpiece G: Tip the head backward, looking toward the sky H: Breathe out through the mouth, exhaling as completely as possible I: Release pressure on the inhaler while still holding your breath J: Inhale deeply K: Hold your breath as long as possible L: Remove the mouthpiece from your mouth M: Replace the dust cap

1: C 2: D 3: H 4: F 5: A 6: J 7: L 8: B 9: E 10: M

The office manager for the outpatient sports medicine clinic where you are employed has requested you provide the CPT codes for your first patient of the day. What are CPT codes? - 5-digit codes that identify procedures or services rendered - 7-digit codes used for identifying diagnoses and tracking conditions - 5-digit codes used to determine if a given treatment is working - 7-digit codes used to track morbidity and mortality of medical conditions

5-digit codes that identify procedures or services rendered

In contrast to some other therapeutic treatments, what must a clinician demonstrate to provide manual therapy techniques in a way that achieves desired outcomes and ensures patient safety at all times? - A clinician must develop a working knowledge of the theories behind the physiological process that govern effective manual therapy techniques - A clinician must have knowledge of the techniques and practice the skills until they can be administered effectively - A clinician must effectively master assessment tools designed to determine functional treatment outcomes - A clinician must memorize contraindications for each manual therapy technique and screen for all contraindications before providing treatment

A clinician must have knowledge of the techniques and practice the skills until they can be administered effectively

While gathering a medical history, your patient reports a previous diagnosis of kyphosis. Which of the following best defines kyphosis? - A convex curve of the upper thorax - A concave curve of the lumbar area - A lateral curve often combined with rotation - A concave curve of the cervical area - A lateral curve of the cervical area

A convex curve of the upper thorax

A plant worker falls from the top of a 12-ft ladder, landing on his right foot before falling to the ground. The worker is transported to the facility's medical clinic, and plain film x-rays are obtained of his foot, ankle, and lower leg. He is diagnosed with a comminuted fracture of his right calcaneus. What is a comminuted fracture? - A fracture with an "S" shape - A fracture in which the bone splits along its length - A fracture consisting of three or more fragments at the fracture site - A fracture that occurs at right angles to the bone shaft

A fracture consisting of three or more fragments at the fracture site

An athlete with type I diabetes mellitus regularly uses a glucometer to check her blood glucose levels. Which of the following glucometer readings is considered a normal blood glucose level? - A reading of 150 mg/dL after 8 hours of sleeping and before eating breakfast - A reading of 60 mg/dL before practice and 4 hours after eating lunch - A reading of 120 mg/dL 2 hours after eating lunch - A reading of 200 mg/dL 30 minutes before eating lunch and 4 hours after eating breakfast

A reading of 120 mg/dL 2 hours after eating lunch

Which of the following athletes would be most benefit from using custom foot orthotics during sports participation? - A field hockey player with weak anterior tibialis muscle - A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome - A runner with asymptomatic Sever's disease - A soccer player with weak evertors - A gymnast with pes cavus and a plantar-flexed first ray

A softball player with pes planus and posterior medial tibial stress syndrome

Athletes, regardless of skin type, should be educated on the signs and symptoms of the various types of skin cancer and encouraged to conduct regular skin inspections and to immediately report any suspicious lesions. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used as a guide to recognize suspicious pigmented lesions. For this mnemonic, which letter descriptor is correct? - A stands for asymmetry: a malignant lesion does not have equal top and bottom or left and right sections - B stands for blackness: a malignant lesion has a uniform black color - C stands for circumference: a malignant lesion has a circumference greater than 6 mm - D stands for distinct: a malignant lesion has a distinct border - E stands for elliptical: a malignant lesion has an elliptical shape

A stands for asymmetry: a malignant lesion does not have equal top and bottom or left and right sections

Which of the following best describes a catastrophic injury or illness? - A sudden death or injury in which there is life-altering physical and/or mental impairment - A sudden death or injury that results in paralysis - An injury that terminates an athlete's sports participation - An injury that results in criminal and/or civil legal actions - An injury that permanently disables an aspect of the central nervous system

A sudden death or injury in which there is life-altering physical and/or mental impairment

A diver reports to the athletic training room complaining of right shoulder pain during overhead weight training activities. During your assessment of the athlete's shoulder, you conduct the special test shown in the photos. This test is positive when weakness or pain accompanies the movement. What does a positive test imply? Select all that apply. (Images on Rozzi pg. 185) A: The humeral head and the coracoacromial arch are impinging on the supraspinatus tendon B: The supraspinatus tendon is inflamed C: The supraspinatus tendon contains a lesion D: The long head of the biceps brachii tendon is moving out of the bicipital groove due to a tear or laxity of the transverse humeral ligament E: The long head of the biceps brachii tendon is inflamed F: The subacromial arch is impinging on the long head of the biceps brachii tendon

A, B, C

As part of your preseason preparticipation physical examinations for your college, you review each athlete's immunization record. The NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook recommends athletes have an immunization history as defined by current U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. In order to comply with this National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) recommendation, it is recommended student athletes be immunized and up-to-date on which of the following? Select all that apply. A: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) B: Hepatitis B (HB) C: Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) D: Meningitis E: Influenza F: H1N1 virus G: Human papillomavirus (HPV) H: Herpes zoster I: Fifth disease

A, B, C, D, E

According to the Inter-Association consensus statement on best practices for sports medicine management for secondary schools and colleges, the team physician has the ultimate responsibility for the care provided by the sports medicine team. For which of the following duties does the team physician have the ultimate responsibility? Select all that apply. A: Developing a chain of command, the team physician at the top B: Coordinating rehabilitation and return to participation C: Ensuring proper documentation and medical record keeping D: Planning and training for emergencies during competition and practices E: Assessing environmental concerns and playing conditions F: Managing on-the-field injuries G: Coordinating preparticipation screenings, examinations, and evaluations

A, B, C, D, E, F, G

A cross country runner reports to the athletic training room complaining of malaise, fatigue, and a sore throat. To initiate an assessment of this athlete, you must obtain a medical history. What questions should you ask this athlete? Select all that apply. A: Can you describe your symptoms? B: How long have you had these symptoms? C: Are you currently taking any medications, vitamins, or supplements? D: Are you sleeping well and maintaining your normal sleep habits? E: Are you under more stress than normal? F: Are you having any other symptoms? G: Are your bladder and bowel habits normal? H: Have you had a fever, chills, or night sweats over the past week? I: Do you have a cough, congestion, or other cold symptoms? J: Do you have any ringing in your ears? K: Do you have any head or neck pain? L: Have you ever experienced this type of illness before? M: Do you feel like you can practice today? N: Have you been eating well?

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, N

On the preseason medical history quesionnaire, a female diver indicates an abnormal menstrual cycle pattern. You sit down with the athlete to gather information about her menstrual cycle. Your goal is to ask questions to detect menstrual dysfunction. Which questions should you ask? Select all that apply. A: When was your last period? B: When was the last time you had a pelvic examination? C: How many menstrual periods have you had in the last year? D: Has anyone in your family ever been treated for problems with their menstrual cycle? E: How frequently do you have your period? F: Have you been prescribed medications to control pain during your period? G: Are you using hormonal contraception?

A, B, C, D, E, G

One month after being hired, your university's new director of athletics asks each program director to submit a program self-evaluation by providing answers to the following two questions: "What are the likely effects if your program ceased to exist?" and "How are student athletes better off because of having access to your program?" What types of evidence can you use to support your conclusions of effectiveness in your answers to these questions? Select all that apply. A: Injury summaries and statistics B: Treatment summaries and statistics C: Equipment purchase orders D: Current student athlete surveys E: Previous/graduated student athlete surveys F: Floor plans of athletic training clinic G: Reports generated from patient files H: Letters of support from coaches I: Letters of support from physician J: Letters of support from university professors

A, B, D, E, G, H, I

Your patient's elbow joint has been immobilized for an extended period of time due to healing complications. In order to assist your patient in facilitating muscle contractions and regaining neuromuscular control you are introducing electromyography (EMG) biofeedback into her treatment plan. The patient is neurologically intact, but she is having difficulty facilitating a detectable muscle contraction of her wrist extensors. What adjunct strategies can you apply to help this patient create a muscle contraction? Select all that apply. A: Focus attention on the wrist extensor muscles while trying to create a contraction B: Ask the patient to contract the wrist extensors on her contralateral limb followed by trying to contract the same muscle group on the involved limb C: Apply the biofeedback unit to the wrist extensors on her contralateral limb so she can practice and learn how to use the biofeedback technique D: Use electrical stimulation to create a contraction of the wrist extensor muscles that can be measured by the biofeedback unit so she can practice and learn how to use the biofeedback technique E: Gently tap on the wrist extensor muscles while trying to create a contraction F: Provide the patient with verbal encouragement and positive reinforcement

A, B, C, E

Athletic trainers in various health-care settings are taking steps to ensure reimbursement for services being provided as certified and licensed athletic trainers. What are the requirements for athletic trainers to be reimbursed by insurance companies for athletic training services? Select all that apply. A: An insurance carrier must recognize athletic training services B: Patient's treatment program and progress made must be appropriately documented C: Medical necessity has to be established D: Treatments must be overseen and signed off on by a licensed physical therapist E: Facility and provider must be recognized by the insurance company as "capable" of providing services within their plan F: Patients must obtain physician referral for "athletic training services" G: The correct CPT codes must be used H: Clinicians must obtain a National Provider Identifier (NPI) number

A, B, C, E, F, G, H

There are a number of athletic injury surveillance systems available to athletic trainers for providing and gathering injury rate and risk data. When properly interpreted, how can data from these surveillance systems be effectively used by sports health-care professionals? Select all that apply. A: In efforts to modify sport rules to decrease severity or rate of injuries B: To assist parents in understanding sport risk so they can make decisions about their child's sport participation C: To develop sport-specific and injury-specific injury prevention training programs D: To help manufacturers of sports equipment evaluate their products and make effective changes E: To aid insurance companies in knowing the risks of sport participation

A, B, D, E

Before participation, athletes should receive a preparticipation physical examination, including a comprehensive medical and family history with focus on cardiovascular screening completed by the athlete. Which of the following medical and family history questions are based on the American Heart Association Recommendations for Preparticipation Cardiovascular Screening of Competitive Athletics? Select all that apply. A: Do you have any relatives who died before the age of 50 due to heart disease? B: Have you ever been told you have elevated blood pressure? C: Have you ever been told you should take steps to lose body weight? D: Have you ever experienced chest pain when exercising? E: Do you have any family members with a heart condition such as Marfan syndrome, long QT syndrome, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? F: Have you ever experienced difficulty breathing or excessive fatigue when exercising? G: Do you have any relatives who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?

A, B, D, E, F

You are assisting in the medical treatment tent at a local youth soccer tournament when a coach escorts a 10-year-old player to the tent. The athlete appears to be having difficulty catching his breath. You have decided to obtain a medical history for this athlete. What questions should you ask this athlete? Select all the questions that are appropriate. A: What seems to be the problem? B: How long has this been going on? C: Did you eat this morning? D: Has this ever happened to you before? E: Have you ever seen a doctor for this? F: Did you take any medicine today? G: Has your breathing become better or worse since you started having trouble today? H: Do you have any chest pain? I: Do you have any allergies? J: Does anybody in your family have trouble breathing? K: Were you scheduled to start in this morning's game?

A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, J

The newly hired strength and conditioning coach at the high school where you provide athletic training healthcare to student athletes has asked to meet with you before the start of the fall sports season. He informs you he wants to start intensive stretching programs for all the school's student athletes in an effort to decrease injuries and improve sport performance. What are the contraindications to stretching the coach should be made aware of before starting his intensive stretching programs? Select all that apply. A: Sensation of a bony block or hard end-feel limiting range of motion B: Stretching tissues that are in the acute inflammatory process C: Sensation of tension or pulling in muscle belly of muscle being stretched D: Stretching tissues with a current active infection E: Stretching tissues that are contributing to limited joint range of motion F: Stretching tissues while taking antihistamines for seasonal allergies G: Stretching tissues with an acute hematoma H: Sharp pain created when tissues are stretched

A, B, D, G, H

A male soccer player at the university where you provide athletic training healthcare to student athletes sustained a grade I medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprain of his knee 7 days ago. This morning you texted him and reminded him to bring his swimsuit to his rehabilitation session because he will be completing aquatic exercises in your center's pool as part of his rehabilitation program. The athlete texts you back asking why he needs to do exercises in the pool. What are advantages of aquatic exercises you can explain to this reluctant patient? Select all that apply. A: Because of the buoyancy and other properties of water, he will be able to do some exercises he has not been able to complete out of the water B: His low body fat will allow him to float better than someone who has a higher body fat content so he will have more buoyancy and need to exert less effort during exercises C: The pool water will provide his leg with protection through compression and limited weight-bearing so he will be able to complete upper body exercises D: Exercises for lower extremity strength and power are easier to perform in the water, allowing him to perform more repetitions E: The physical properties of water - buoyancy, viscosity, and hydrostatic pressure - aid in tissue healing

A, C, D, E

To restore full function the clinician in the photo is providing a joint mobilization treatment to the patient's glenohumeral joint. Which of the following is correct regarding this treatment? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.302) A: The humerus is the convex bone of the glenohumeral joint B: The clinician is performing an anterior glide of the humerus C: This mobilization technique is indicated to increase glenohumeral joint flexion D: The clinician is performing glides with the joint in the resting position E: This mobilization technique is indicated to increase glenohumeral joint internal rotation F: The clinician is applying an inferior glide force to the humeral head G: This mobilization technique is indicated to increase glenohumeral joint horizontal adduction

A, C, D, E

While returning the second-half kickoff of a high school football game, a special teams player sustains a hard tackle and is lying prone on the field with his face toward his right shoulder. Your school's emergency protocol for managing cervical spine injuries states that if the cervical spine is not in a neutral position it should be realigned, if not contraindicated. Why should the cervical spine be realigned back to neutral alignment if possible? Select all that apply. A: Neutral alignment facilitates application of cervical spine immobilization devices B: Neutral alignment allows for reliable and valid nerve root myotome and dermatome testing C: Neutral alignment permits the space available for the spinal cord to be maintained for proper functioning of the cord D: Neutral alignment is recommended for airway management procedures E: Neutral alignment maintains the space available for the spinal cord to optimize tissue perfusion, minimizing spinal cord morbidity

A, C, D, E

Toward the end of a preseason training session on a hot and humid August afternoon, a football player staggers towards medical personnel and complains of dizziness, fatigue, and an inability to continue. Seconds later he collapses. The athlete is not sickle cell trait positive, so you suspect he is suffering from exertional heatstroke (EHS). What are the components of the recommended immediate treatment for this athlete? Select all that apply. A: Assess body temperature using a rectal thermometer B: Immediately encourage the athlete to drink carbohydrate and electrolyte beverages C: Immerse the patient in ice water until rectal temperature decreases to approximately 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit D: Place a towel or other device under the patient's arms to ensure the patient's head remains above water during immersion E: After removing the athlete from water, monitor for at least 15 minutes F: After decreasing the athlete's temperature to a safe core temperature, transport the athlete to the appropriate health-care facility for follow-up care G: Assess and monitor vital signs

A, C, D, E, F, G

A male lacrosse player plants his right foot as he pivots to pass the ball to a teammate. He immediately grabs his knee and stops playing. He hops over to the sideline grimacing in pain. As you approach the injured athlete, you observe that he is still grimacing in pain and is holding his knee. Based on this information, what questions should you ask this athlete? Select all that apply. A: Where does it hurt? B: How long have you had those cleats? C: Can you put one finger on the place where it hurts the most? D: Can you explain what happened? E: What position was your foot in? F: Did you hear anything like a pop, snap, or crack? G: Besides pain, did you feel anything abnormal? H: Have you ever hurt this knee before? I: Do you have any chronic medical conditions? J: Are you experiencing any numbness or tingling?

A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J

The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) recommends a "time out" system, whereby a preathletic event checklist reviewing the venue's emergency action plan (EAP) is discussed before the start of each athletic event. The goal is to ensure that all individuals involved in emergency care are properly briefed on the venue's EAP before a potentially dangerous or life-threatening injury occurs. Which of the following should be included in the "time out" preathletic event checklist? Select all that apply. A: Name and location of designated hospital B: Recent medical history of participants C: Location and role of each member of the emergency response team D: Mechanism for calling an ambulance if one is not present E: Availability and location of emergency equipment F: Average response time of emergency transport G: Primary and secondary or back-up means of communication, such as hand signals, radio, voice commands

A, C, D, E, G

You are concerned about the mental health of the patient you have been seeing for low back pain for the past 6 weeks. He seems to be increasingly withdrawn, angry, and unmotivated. You think he would benefit from working with a mental health professional as he recovers from his back condition. What actions can you take to ensure a successful referral of this patient to a mental health professional? Select all that apply. A: Without using identifiable information, consult with the mental health-care professional about the patient before speaking with the patient B: Inform the patient he is a difficult patient who will not make good progress without therapy C: Express your concerns to the patient and then explain why he is being referred to a mental health professional D: Provide an opportunity for the patient to ask you questions about the referral E: Describe to the patient what he can anticipate happening in the meeting with the mental health professional F: Provide the patient with a deadline for scheduling an appointment and then follow up to see if an appointment was made G: Obtain written consent from the patient to share his information with the mental health professional

A, C, D, E, G

Exercise-associated hyponatremia is characterized by low blood sodium concentrations and is a potential medical emergency. What recommendations should be provided to exercising individuals to minimize their risk of developing exercise-associated hyponatremia? Select all that apply. A: Exercising individuals should consume a daily diet with a sufficient amount of sodium to replace sodium lost in sweat and urine excretion B: Supplemental sodium consumption during exercise should be discouraged C: Monitor body weight before and after exercise sessions and decrease fluid intake if an increase in body weight is noted D: Each exercising individual should establish an individual hydration plan based on sweat rate, environment, acclimatization state, body size, exercise duration, exercise intensity, and fluid preference and tolerance E: Caffeine consumption before exercise, even at mild or moderate amounts, should be avoided F: An individualized hydration plan should be strictly adhered to during each exercise session G: Preactivity hyperhydration should be encouraged to promote positive euhydration

A, C, D, F

Despite the increased efforts of health-care professions such as athletic training to support and implement evidence-based medicine, not all practicing clinicians have been willing or able to make this change in their patient care. What are considered acceptable barriers to successful integration of evidence-based practice? Select all that apply. A: Limited access to evidence for some clinicians B: Insufficient time for reading research studies C: Amount and complexity of available research D: Large percentage of athletic trainers who work in clinical settings that do not require using evidence-based techniques E: Extensive history of successful clinical outcomes negating need for research to support clinical decision-making F: Lack of skill in translating published studies into clinical practice G: Limited number of systematic reviews H: Difficulty obtaining full-text versions of some published studies I: Lack of financial incentive from employers

A, C, D, F, G, H

A female lacrosse player is exhibiting signs of disordered eating. Based on the athlete's medical history and your intervention discussion, you are able to convince the athlete to see professional assistance. According to the DSM-IV, which of the following four criteria must be met to confirm a clinical diagnosis of anorexia nervosa? Select four. A: Absence of at least three consecutive menstrual cycles B: Severe mood shifts and feelings of guilt about eating C: Refusal to maintain body weight at or above 85% of expected weight for age and height D: Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat even though underweight E: Wearing baggy clothes to disguise thin appearance F: Preferring to eat in isolation G: Overtraining as a compensatory behavior H: Disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight

A, C, D, H

The most common organizational structure in sports medicine settings is a function-oriented organizational system. What are the advantages of employing a functional organizational structure? Select all that apply. A: Allows for specialization B: Promotes sharing of ideas and teamwork C: Requires fewer interpersonal skills D: Quicker response time in large programs E: Fosters development of expertise F: More innovative, allowing for inclusion of different perspectives G: Suited for stable environments

A, C, E, G

You are evaluating a recreational tennis player who injured his knee joint 2 weeks ago and is now scheduled for surgery. You are assessing the athlete's active knee flexion and knee extension using a goniometer. Which statements accurately reflect correct patient position and goniometer alignment for this type of assessment? Select all that apply. A: The athlete is lying supine B: The athlete is lying prone with a bolster under the tibia C: With the athlete lying supine, a bolster is placed under the distal tibia for the extension measurement D: The fulcrum of the goniometer is centered over the medial epicondyle E: The fulcrum of the goniometer is centered over the lateral femoral epicondyle F: The fulcrum of the goniometer is centered over the medial joint line G: The goniometer's stationary arm is centered over the midline of the femur, aligned with the pubic symphysis H: The goniometer's stationary arm is centered over the midline of the fibula, aligned with the lateral malleolus I: The goniometer's stationary arm is centered over the midline of the femur, aligned with the greater trochanter J: The goniometer's stationary arm is centered over the midline of the fibula, aligned with the lateral malleolus K: The goniometer's stationary arm is centered over the midline of the tibia, aligned with the medial malleolus L: The goniometer's stationary arm is centered over the midline of the femur, aligned with the greater trochanter

A, C, E, I, J

Three days after coming down with acute viral gastroenteritis, which resulted in 3 days of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, an athlete reports to the athletic training clinic to show you his red eye. He informs you the eye does not hurt and he just noticed it this morning when he got out of the shower. What should you tell this patient regarding the management of his eye condition? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg.304) A: "As the blood appears to be limited to the area under the clear conjunctiva and in front of the white sclera, you have a subconjunctival hemorrhage" B: "As the blood is pooled in the anterior chamber of the eye, you have a hyphema" C: "The condition you have is a serious, sight-threatening condition" D: "The condition you have is benign" E: "As long as your vision is not affected and you have no other signs or symptoms, this condition does not require an ophthalmic evaluation" F: "You need to be referred to an eye care specialist or emergency department at the local hospital immediately" G: "If your eye feels irritated you can use over-the-counter artificial tears" H: "During transportation to the physician, keep your head up and avoid being supine or on your side" I: "Your athletic participation is not restricted by this eye condition"

A, D, E, G, I

In the final 5 minutes of a high school girls' lacrosse game the wind picks up, the skies darken slightly, and you hear thunder. Based on recommendations from the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) position statement on lightning safety for athletics and recreation, what action should be taken? - All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location - The coaching staffs and officials should be informed of the possibility of lightning and instructed to begin making plans for eventual evacuation if lightning is spotted - The designated "weather watcher" should, based on the sound of the thunder, estimate the arrival time of the storm's lightning and inform all individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, of this estimated arrival time - The school's director of athletics or highest-ranking administrator in attendance should inform the coaching staff's and officials if the game must be completed, regardless of weather, if needed in determining seeding for postseason competition

All individuals, including coaches, officials, players, and spectators, should immediately go to a safe location

While running back for a lob shot, a collegiate freshman tennis player trips and falls, landing hard on her hand that is holding her racquet and fracturing her fifth metacarpal. Two weeks after her fracture diagnosis, she tells you she is considering dropping out of school and moving back home. She tells you, "My life is totally ruined. I'm never going to get better or be able to play tennis again." How can you encourage this patient to use positive self-talk to influence her healing and recovery process? - Sympathize with the athlete and help her by introducing her to other athletes whose careers have ended as a result of injury - Allow the athlete to express her frustration, but encourage her to concentrate on things that are controllable, such as her overall fitness and her academic pursuits - Be patient while the athlete expresses her frustrations and then let her know you are available to listen and help - Remind the athlete that many athletes get injured during their college years, and she needs to accept her situation, as bad as it may be, and move forward

Allow the athlete to express her frustration, but encourage her to concentrate on things that are controllable, such as her overall fitness and her academic pursuits

A student athlete who has been sick with an upper respiratory tract infection for the past 2 weeks is seen in the emergency department of the local hospital and is diagnosed with Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS). What is GBS? - A chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual accumulation of focal plaques of demyelination in the brain - An acute autoimmune disorder that causes diffuse demyelination of the spinal roots and peripheral nerves - A neurological condition that affects the facial cranial nerve resulting in unilateral or bilateral facial weakness or paralysis - A condition characterized by overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system resulting in pain that is disproportionate to the severity of the initial injury

An acute autoimmune disorder that causes diffuse demyelination of the spinal roots and peripheral nerves

In accordance with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Inter-Association Consensus Statement on management of concussion, what is the standard procedure for management of a student athlete diagnosed with a concussion? - An athlete should be screened and, if assessments are within 10% of baseline measures, they can return to competition - An athlete may not return to the practice or competition and should be withheld from all activity for the remainder of the day - An athlete should be removed from activity and referred to a physician for evaluation and management - An athlete can return to activity later in the same day if cognition and balance have returned to normal limits and only a headache remains

An athlete may not return to the practice or competition and should be withheld from all activity for the remainder of the day

You refer an 8-year-old camper who has tenderness over the base of the fifth metatarsal to the emergency department for evaluation. The camper returns to camp the next day on crutches with paperwork indicating he should follow up with an orthopedist in 1 week for a repeat x-ray to rule out an occult fracture. The camper's mother inquires about the diagnosis. How should you best respond? - An occult fracture means a hidden feature, which is common in young athletes - An occult fracture is a rapidly healing fracture, which is common in young athletes because of their constant growth - An occult fracture is a fracture of the fifth metatarsal that is often confused with a Jones fracture - An occult fracture is an avulsion fracture; repeat x-ray is required to determine fragment displacement - An occult fracture is a growth plate injury common to young athletes participating in lower extremity sports

An occult fracture means a hidden feature, which is common in young athletes

Which ligaments comprise the lateral ligaments of the elbow? - Radial collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament, anterior oblique band, posterior oblique band - Transverse oblique band, annular ligament, accessory collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament - Radial collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament, accessory collateral ligament, anterior oblique band - Anterior oblique band, posterior oblique band, transverse oblique band, annular ligament - Annular ligament, accessory collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament

Annular ligament, accessory collateral ligament, radial collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament

Your patient appears lethargic and tired while completing today's exercises for his knee joint rehabilitation program. You assume your patient is getting bored with his exercises and is becoming unmotivated. When you share your observations and concerns with your patient, he assures you he is neither bored nor unmotivated but rather feeling drowsy from the over-the-counter multisymptom cold medication he took today to address his cold symptoms. What agent common to multisymptom cold medications is likely the cause of the patient's drowsiness? - Decongestant - Expectorant - Antitussive - Antihistamine - Analgesic

Antihistamine

According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, which statement best describes the persons required to receive training through their employer in regard to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens? - Any employee who has the potential for occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials - Only employees involved in direct patient care who might be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials - All federal and state employees - Only health-care providers dealing with high-risk patient populations - Persons completing a first-aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation course

Any employee who has the potential for occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials

Mites, a common parasitic infection, spreads through direct contact, sexual contact, or sharing of infested clothes or bedding. A goal in treating a patient with mites is eradication of all living mites. Which of the following treatment recommendations has been shown to be effective in achieving this goal? - Wash all recently worn clothing and bedding in cold water with a chlorine bleach - Apply a prescribed scabicide, such as a 5% permethrin cream, to the entire body from the neck down and wash off 8 to 14 hours later - Take an over-the-counter oral antihistamine at one and one-half the recommended dosage - Submerge the entire body in a tube full of a 10% hot water/vinegar mixture for 30 to 60 minutes

Apply a prescribed scabicide, such as a 5% permethrin cream, to the entire body from the neck down and wash off 8 to 14 hours later

A swimmer with excessive kyphosis secondary to weak scapular musculature presents with bilateral impingement syndrome. She has been progressing through a comprehensive rehabilitation program focused on scapular stabilizers for 60 minutes each day. How can you encourage correct posture throughout the day as she performs her activities of daily living? - Fit the athlete with a figure-eight clavicle brace - Encourage the athlete to wear her backpack on both shoulders and to tighten the straps - Apply a tape pattern to the upper back to provide constant proprioceptive feedback - Encourage the athlete to keep both feet flat on the floor when seated - Instruct the athlete to place her mattress on the floor for sleeping

Apply a tape pattern to the upper back to provide constant proprioceptive feedback

A school district sports medicine coordinator would like to place new automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in all of the athletic training rooms at each of their schools. There is not enough funding in the annual budget to pay for this initiative. What might be the most effective steps the sports medicine coordinator could take to fund this project? - Decrease the supply budgets for each school - Hold bake sales at each school to raise funds - Charge each athlete a $10 sports medicine fee - Apply for external grant funding

Apply for external grant funding

A negative ("no") response to which of the following questions on a preparticipation examination medical history form would warrant referral to a health-care professional for additional screening? - Do you limit or carefully control what you eat? - Has anyone recommended you change your weight or eating habits? - Are you happy with your weight? - Are you trying to gain or lose weight? - Are you taking any medications or supplements for weight loss or weight gain?

Are you happy with your weight?

Your patient is a 17-year-old member of your high school lacrosse team. While playing in a summer national-level travel league 4 months ago, he sustained a tibial fracture that required surgical stabilization. During the past few weeks you have noticed this patient displaying some different behaviors, and you suspect he is abusing pain medication or recreational drugs. Which of the followings signs and symptoms may indicate a substance use disorder? - Increasing mistakes through inattention or poor judgement and unexplained weight loss - Increased appetite and increasing physical complaints of unknown origin or without evidence of injury - Arriving late to treatment sessions, practices, or class and overreacting to real of imagined criticisms - Minimizing relationship with parents and bragging about a vibrant social life

Arriving late to treatment sessions, practices, or class and overreacting to real of imagined criticisms

After the running back on your football team completes a first down, you notice that he is still lying face down on the field as the other players return to the huddle. As you watch from the sideline, a teammate jogs over to the down player before you can get to him. What is the most helpful action this teammate could take to assist in the care of this injured athlete? - Help the player to get up by grabbing his shoulder pads and lifting superiorly so he can get his feet under him - Take the player by one shoulder and arm and gently roll him over onto his back to maximize airflow - Ask the down player if he is injured and instruct him to lie still until the athletic trainer comes out - Tell the player that because he cannot move his legs he is probably paralyzed and should not move until the athletic trainer comes out - Tell his teammates in the huddle to stay where they are because the down player is seriously hurt

Ask the down player if he is injured and instruct him to lie still until the athletic trainer comes out

One of your youngest gymnasts calls you to tell you that she is very worried about her roommate, who is also on the team. She shares that her roommate sleeps a lot, does not want to leave the room or do anything with friends, and has increased her use of alcohol. She notes that she always talks about being a burden to her family, and tonight she posted a concerning message on social media saying goodbye to friends. What action should you take? - Ask to speak to the athlete, screen for suicidal ideation, and ask for campus emergency medical services (EMS) to conduct a welfare check - Encourage the athlete who called you not to leave her roommate alone and to bring her to the athletic training room in the morning - Call the gymnastics coach and inform her that you will be asking for the athlete to be transported to the emergency department for a psychiatric evaluation - Call the athlete's parents and ask them to come get their daughter so she can be evaluated by a mental health provider

Ask to speak to the athlete, screen for suicidal ideation, and ask for campus emergency medical services (EMS) to conduct a welfare check

A 55-year-old active adult, who coaches his son's soccer team, plays recreational tennis and golf, and enjoys renovating his historic home, has been diagnosed with a rotator cuff tear. While counseling him on his treatment options, you ask him to complete the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. What is the purpose of this self-reported patient assessment? - Determines patients who will have the best outcome following upper extremity surgery - Assists in describing the disability experienced by people with upper extremity disorders - Determines which upper extremity joint has the greatest impact on overall function - Assists in setting the maximum number of postoperative treatment and rehabilitation sessions

Assists in describing the disability experienced by people with upper extremity disorders

You are applying the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5) graduated return to school strategy for a high school football player who sustained a concussion 5 days earlier. Yesterday this athlete was able to complete class readings and other homework at home without a return of any symptoms, so today he is returning to school for a half-day of classes. What criteria must be met before this athlete can go back to physical activity and sports? - Athlete is back to school part-time, but provided accommodations, such as more time to finish assignments and tests - Athlete is back to school part-time without any accommodations and is able to complete homework without symptoms worsening - Athlete is back to school full-time but provided accommodations, such as a quiet room for rest or to complete tests and assignments and no more than one examination per day - Athlete is back to school full-time without symptoms worsening and no longer needs schedule or school work accommodations

Athlete is back to school full-time without symptoms worsening and no longer needs schedule or school work accommodations

Which of the following groups illustrates a vertical liaison role for an athletic trainer? - Athletic trainer with coaches and parents - Athletic trainer with athletic directors and graduate assistants - Athletic trainer with other health-care professionals and athletic trainers from other institutions - Athletic trainer with physical therapists and human resources personnel

Athletic trainer with athletic directors and graduate assistants

An athlete has recently been diagnosed with scabies and is undergoing treatment. Which of the following recommendations should you make to this athlete? - All bedding and recently worn clothing should be destroyed - Exterminate all rooms of the living quarters with a commercially available fogger - Avoid any skin-to-skin contact with another person until treatment is completed - Notify the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and complete an incident report - Schedule retests every 3 months for the next year to ensure complete eradication of the parasite

Avoid any skin-to-skin contact with another person until treatment is completed

An athletic trainer working with a 65-year-old recreational tennis player who is 3 weeks status post total hip arthroplasty chooses to use passive range of motion exercises to assist the patient in regaining some joint motion. At this early phase of the rehabilitation process, what motion restrictions should be observed? - Avoid hip extension greater than 20 degrees, hip abduction beyond 0 degrees, and lateral rotation beyond 10 degrees - Avoid hip flexion greater than 45 degrees, hip abduction beyond 20 degrees, and medial rotation beyond 0 degrees - Avoid hip flexion greater than 100 degrees, hip adduction beyond 0 degrees, and medial rotation beyond 0 degrees - Avoid hip extension beyond 45 degrees, hip abduction beyond 45 degrees, and lateral rotation beyond 0 degrees

Avoid hip flexion greater than 100 degrees, hip adduction beyond 0 degrees, and medial rotation beyond 0 degrees

A female ice hockey player comes to the athletic training room complaining of an unquenchable thirst and frequent urination. You obtain a urine specimen for urinalysis and conduct a urinalysis. When you compare the test strip pad colors to the color keys on the bottle, you note the following color matches: Glucose matches to the fourth box from the left, ketones match to the fourth box from the left, bilirubin matches to the first box on the left, and protein matches to the third box from the left. Based on the photo and this information, how should you interpret the test results? Select all that apply. (Image on Rozzi pg. 186) A: Glucose is negative B: Glucose is high, indicating uncontrolled hyperglycemia C: Glucose is within normal range for an athlete who has recently eaten D: Ketones are high, indicating incomplete fat metabolism resulting from low available glucose E: Ketones are negative F: Ketones are within normal range for athletes participating in high-intensity resistance training G: Bilirubin is negative H: Protein is positive

B, D, G, H

An athlete reports anterior knee pain. On inspection you note the athlete has squinting patellae. Which of the following is most likely the potential cause of this patellar malalignment? - Hip anteversion - External femoral rotation - External tibial rotation - Abnormally short patellar tendon - Abnormally long patellar tendon

Hip anteversion

You are the athletic trainer assigned to your high school's football game. While covering a kickoff return, one of your players attempts to tackle the ball carrier. You see him lower his head, drive the top of his helmet into the ball carrier's numbers, and then fall to the ground, where he lies motionless. You have chosen to activate your emergency action plan (EAP). Using the table, assign each emergency management task to the person most qualified to complete the task. (Certified Athletic Trainer, Athletic Training Student, Athletic Director, Coach) A: Meet the ambulance B: Call an ambulance C: Move teammates away from the injured athlete D: Direct patient care E: Go into the stands to speak with the parents F: Unlock the gate at the end of the field G: Direct emergency personnel to the injured athlete H: Retrieve the automated external defibrillator (AED) from the sideline I: Maintain cervical immobilization J: Communicate the athlete's condition to emergency personnel on arrival K: Obtain and record the athlete's pulse and respirations rate

Certified Athletic Trainer: D, I, J Athletic Training Student: B, H, K Athletic Director: A, E, F Coach: C, G

A clinician chooses to use muscle energy techniques for a patient with a posterior iliac rotation. In what direction will the patient be instructed to move while the clinician provides resistance to create an isometric muscle contraction? - Hip flexion - Hip extension - Hip abduction - Hip adduction

Hip flexion

A women's basketball player is elbowed in the jaw during a practice session. Observation reveals a portion of her tooth is broken, some bleeding is present, and the pulp chamber is exposed, producing a great detail of pain. With which type of tooth fracture are these signs more closely associated? - Uncomplicated crown fracture - Root fracture - Complicated crown fracture - Complicated pulp fracture - Uncomplicated periodontal fracture

Complicated crown fracture

What role should computerized neurocognitive testing play in the assessment of concussions? - Computerized neurocognitive testing is the gold standard of concussion testing and has been shown to be the most reliable independent evaluation tool - Computerized neurocognitive testing should not be used in isolation but should be combined with symptom and motor control assessment to be valid - Computerized neurocognitive testing can be used as the definitive assessment tool if repeated daily to negate the practice effects - Computerized neurocognitive testing is extremely efficient as providing a clinical diagnosis because test results are automated and provide an immediate diagnostic decision

Computerized neurocognitive testing should not be used in isolation but should be combined with symptom and motor control assessment to be valid

During a boys' soccer college recruiting summer tournament a player collapses and is unresponsive. The athlete's parent is not in attendance, and no written consent-to-treat form exists. Which of the following statements best reflects the athletic trainer's ability to treat this athlete? - Actual consent can be obtained from the parent via phone before the athletic trainer administers any treatment - The coach can act as the parent and provide consent for treatment - The athletic trainer can activate emergency medical services (EMS) and communicate findings but may not provide direct treatment to the athlete - Consent to treat is implied on the part of the athlete and the parents because this is a potentially life-threatening injury

Consent to treat is implied on the part of the athlete and the parents because this is a potentially life-threatening injury

What is the recommended frequency for cleaning and disinfecting a whirlpool that is being used for standard treatments that do not include care of open wounds? - Daily - Weekly - Twice daily - After every athlete's use

Daily

During a preparticipation examination, the parent of a high school freshman asks if the risk of injury is higher if his daughter plays soccer or volleyball. On what should you base your answer? - Data in your school's annual sports medicine report specific to the number of soccer players and volleyball players treated by your athletic training staff during the previous two seasons - Data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study specific to athlete injury exposure rates for the sports of soccer and volleyball - Data from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research specific to the number of catastrophic injuries in high school soccer and volleyball - Data from the National Safety Council specific to high school volleyball and soccer injury rates in your state

Data from the National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study specific to athlete injury exposure rates for the sports of soccer and volleyball

A group of student athletes from your volleyball team was involved in a motor vehicle accident while traveling during spring break. One of the athletes was killed in the accident. On returning from break, the athletics department has provided group counseling and access to counselors to all the athletes on the team. One of the players who was in the car when the accident occurred shares with you that she is having difficulty sleeping and difficulty concentrating in class due to bad dreams and flashbacks. She is also very anxious about getting into any car. How would you best manage this situation? - Validate that the feelings the athlete is experiencing are normal and tell her these thoughts will likely diminish over the next several weeks - Recommend that the athlete take melatonin and perform some relaxation techniques - Encourage the athlete to come see you daily and begin cognitive behavioral therapy - Demonstrate empathetic listening skills to establish continued rapport with the athlete and refer her to the counseling center for an individual appointment

Demonstrate empathetic listening skills to establish continued rapport with the athlete and refer her to the counseling center for an individual appointment

Which of the following factors may extend the duration of recovery from a concussion? - Age greater than 18 years old - Absence of amnesia - Diagnosis of depression or other mental health disorders - First concussion diagnosis

Diagnosis of depression or other mental health disorders

When designing a hydrotherapy area, which design elements are recommended to reduce the risk of patient injury? - Electrical outlets must be at least 3 ft. off the floor and equipped with ground fault circuit interruptors (GFCIs), and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain - Electrical outlets must be at least 2 ft. off the floor, hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain, and floors should be carpeted to reduce slippage - Electrical outlets must be equipped with GFCIs, floors should be sloped toward the drains to minimize puddling, and lighting should be a minimum of 140 W - The area should be a minimum of 60 sq. ft. per athlete being serviced, walls should be constructed from cinderblock, and floors should be carpeted to reduce slippage - The area should use only natural lighting and should be a minimum of 10 sq. ft. per athlete being serviced, and plumbing fixtures should include mixing valves and foot pedal activators

Electrical outlets must be at least 3 ft. off the floor and equipped with ground fault circuit interruptors (GFCIs), and hydrotherapy tanks should be connected directly to a floor drain

Which of the following is considered an advantage of using an electronic medical record (EMR) system to manage patient records? - Provides clinicians with evaluated and rated treatment options for patient diagnosis - Permits clinicians to contact patients via e-mail, text messages, and social media - Prevents overprescribing of addictive pain medications - Enables quick access to complete patient medical records to more effectively diagnose patients

Enables quick access to complete patient medical records to more effectively diagnose patients

A sophomore on your university tennis team confides in you that she is 3 months pregnant. She asks you to abstain from sharing this information with anyone, especially her coach and her parents. What should you tell this athlete? - Encourage the athlete to continue prenatal care with her physician and to wait until she can no longer hide the pregnancy to share the information with others - Encourage the athlete to keep this information from the coach as long as possible because such information affects her scholarship - Encourage the athlete to meet with the team physician to determine a plan for participation and then share this plan with her coach and parents - Encourage the athlete to take care of herself and to let you know if there is anything that she needs - Encourage the athlete to meet with the coach immediately before he receives the e-mail notice you are obligated to send within 24 hours

Encourage the athlete to meet with the team physician to determine a plan for participation and then share this plan with her coach and parents

A football player incurs an axial load mechanism injury. During your neurological assessment of this athlete, you note bilateral sensation deficits in the lower extremity. The athlete becomes anxious at this time and tells you he cannot feel his legs. What is the most appropriate response to this injured athlete? - Encourage the athlete to relax and assure him that you are going to get him the best possible care - Indicate to the athlete that your findings are consistent with his sensations and tell him he needs to go to the emergency department - Encourage the athlete to take deep breaths and to try not to think about the seriousness of this injury - Ask the athlete if his parents are in the stands and how they handle bad news - Tell the athlete that you have handled other serious neck injuries and that your team physicians are the best in the area, so he will be perfectly fine

Encourage the athlete to relax and assure him that you are going to get him the best possible care

You are assisting in the transfer into the waiting ambulance of a lacrosse player who has sustained a nonreducible anterior glenohumeral joint dislocation. The athlete is extremely anxious about the injury and worried that he will never play again. What is the most appropriate response to the injured athlete? - Tell the athlete that you have seen other athletes come back from this injury very quickly - Tell the athlete that this injury could be much worse than just a dislocation - Tell the athlete his neurovascular status was intact and a simple closed reduction should be easily achieved - Encourage the athlete to relax and not to draw any conclusions until the emergency department physicians have completed their evaluation

Encourage the athlete to relax and not to draw any conclusions until the emergency department physicians have completed their evaluation

A patient you are seeing in your clinic has consistently complained of fatigue, chronic pain, and stiffness in various joints for the past 2 to 3 months. She notes pain to palpation of several joints, and some warmth and joint effusion are present as well. The patient has been doing her own research online and tells you that she is pretty confident that she has fibromyalgia. How would you respond? - Encourage the patient to begin taking a magnesium and folic acid supplement to minimize the effects of the condition - Suggest that the patient see a psychiatrist for possible antidepressant therapy - Encourage the patient to share her concerns with her physician, but remind her that active evidence of joint inflammation such as heat and effusion is not present in patients with fibromyalgia - Suggest that the patient see her physician and ask to be screened for Lyme disease

Encourage the patient to share her concerns with her physician, but remind her that active evidence of joint inflammation such as heat and effusion is not present in patients with fibromyalgia

An athletic trainer documents the following in a daily treatment note: "10/9/2019. Treatment lasted approximately 35 minutes. Patient reports decreased pain and swelling since last visit. Knee AROM: 0-135, MMT: Quad 5/5, Hamstrings 4+/5; US 100% 3.0 MHz 1.5w/cm2 x 8 min f/b CKC TKE 3 x 15 x BW, 4 way SLR 3 x 15 x 2#, Mini-squats 2 x 20. Patient has reached full AROM goal. Patient iced following treatment and left in a happy mood. Anna, ATC." Which of the common errors in documenting daily treatment notes is evident in this documentation? - Failure to list the treatment time in minutes - Failure to document all treatment modalities and procedures used - Failure to include the visit number - Failure to reassess objective data and goals - Failure to sign and date all injuries

Failure to include the visit number

Your school's annual injury summary indicates your men's soccer team sustained a higher number of anterior lower leg injuries this past year compared with the previous five seasons. An e-mail to the coaching staff explaining the importance of appropriate shin guard sizing and usage is indicated. What should be included in this communication? - For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from the tibial tuberosity to midtibia - For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from just above the malleoli of the ankle to just below the tibial tuberosity - For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior and lateral lower leg from the distal third of the tibia to the superior tip of the gastrocnemius muscle - For maximum protection, the largest shin guard size available should be worn by all players

For maximum protection, shin guards should cover the anterior lower leg from just above the malleoli of the ankle to just below the tibial tuberosity

When an athlete collapses while participating in hot and humid environmental conditions, the athletic trainer needs to differentiate the cause of the collapse: heat cramping, exertional heatstroke, or exertional sickling. Assign each of the presentation features listed to the three causes of on-site collapse. Some features may be used for more than one cause, and some features may not be used at all. A: Weakness greater than pain B: Pain greater than weakness C: Prodrome of muscle weakness or twitching D: Muscles lock up E: Slumps to ground F: Muscles weak, appear normal G: Mental cloudiness H: Usually occurs late in practice I: Body temperature less than 103 degrees Fahrenheit J: Body temperature greater than 105 degrees Fahrenheit K: Incoherent or unresponsive

Heat Cramping: B, C, D, H, I Exertional Heatstroke: G, H, J, K Exertional Sickling: A, E, F, I

An athlete on your soccer team is nearing the end of her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction rehabilitation protocol. As the time to return to play grows shorter, the athlete's apprehension about returning is growing. What strategy might the athletic trainer use to minimize this emotional reaction? - Help the athlete focus of facts, such as range of motion measurements, isokinetic strength testing, and functional progressions, rather than emotions to determine readiness to return - Reassure the athlete that she is ready and she is simply overreacting - Have the coach give the athlete a motivational speech about how much the team need her - Encourage the athlete to go to the counseling center to talk about her feelings

Help the athlete focus of facts, such as range of motion measurements, isokinetic strength testing, and functional progressions, rather than emotions to determine readiness to return

A 17-year-old female volleyball player reports experiencing a forceful inversion and plantar flexion of her right ankle when she landed on her teammate's foot following a block. After gathering a medical history, observing and palpating the injured tissues, and assessing this athlete's ankle joint range or motion, you suspect she has sustained a sprain of the anterior talofibular ligament. To verify your initial differential diagnosis, you conduct an anterior drawer test. This test has a positive likelihood ratio of 4.5 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.35. How do these likelihood ratios contribute to your evaluation findings? - If the anterior drawer test is positive, the high positive likelihood ratio of 4.5 enhances the probability a tear of the anterior talofibular ligament is present - If the anterior drawer test is positive, the low negative likelihood ratio of 0.35 decreases the chance of a false-positive test - If the anterior drawer test is negative, a tear of the anterior talofibular ligament could not be ruled out because the negative likelihood ratio is 0.35, which is small and indicates only a small shift in pretest probability - If the anterior drawer test is negative, the high positive likelihood ratio of 4.5 decreases the chance of a false-negative test

If the anterior drawer test is negative, a tear of the anterior talofibular ligament could not be ruled out because the negative likelihood ratio is 0.35, which is small and indicates only a small shift in pretest probability

As the director of sports medicine at your institution you manage a staff of eight athletic trainers. The women's cross country coach has expressed to you her concern for the amount of time one of her athletes is taking to recover from a recently diagnosed injury. The athlete is receiving daily care from her athletic trainer and has seen the team physician twice in the past 2 weeks. What should you communicate to this coach regarding her concerns? - Tell the coach she should seek a physician who agrees with her line of thinking and who is likely to recommend what she thinks is necessary - Provide the coach the physician's phone number and instruct the coach to schedule a meeting - Instruct the coach to encourage her athlete to discuss her progress with her athletic trainer and the team physician - Tell the coach that you should meet with just her and the team physician to discuss the athlete's injury - Remind the coach that your role is to provide healthcare for her athletes and she should focus her attention on coaching

Instruct the coach to encourage her athlete to discuss her progress with her athletic trainer and the team physician

A patient presents with a medical history and mechanism of injury consistent with ankle joint ligamentous trauma. To formulate a clinical diagnosis, you conduct a physical examination. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on conservative management and prevention of ankle sprains in athletes, what should clinicians consider when formulating a clinical diagnosis for an ankle joint injury? - The diagnostic accuracy of special tests to assess injury to the lateral ankle ligaments has been shown to be unaffected by joint effusion - Lateral ankle ligament special tests, such as the anterior drawer and inversion talar tilt, have more diagnostic accuracy 5 days after injury compared with 2 days postinjury - Stress radiography has been shown to be a reliable tool in detecting acute ligamentous disruption when physical examination findings are inconsistent - The Cotton test, external-rotation test, and other tests for high ankle sprains are unreliable in detecting injury to the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Lateral ankle ligament special tests, such as the anterior drawer and inversion talar tilt, have more diagnostic accuracy 5 days after injury compared with 2 days postinjury

A middle-aged recreational softball player has been diagnosed with a lumbar disc injury. On which types of therapeutic exercises should your initial rehabilitation program focus? - Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to increase hamstring flexibility and normal posture - Resistive hamstring curls to increase hamstring strength - Lumbar flexion exercises to increase strength and core stabilization - Lumbar extension exercises to reduce protrusion and restore normal posture

Lumbar extension exercises to reduce protrusion and restore normal posture

An athlete presents to your athletic training facility with an erythema migrans that has enlarged over the last few days. She is experiencing mild headache, some muscle aches, joint aches, and fatigue. Which acute medical condition is most associated with this presentation, and how is it best managed? - Lyme disease; referral to a physician for serological testing and antibiotic therapy - Syphilis; referral to a physician for cerebrospinal fluid screening - Tinea corporis; treat with antifungal cream - Allergic reaction to over-the-counter cold medication; treat with antihistamine - Mononucleosis; referral to physician for complete blood count and monospot test

Lyme disease; referral to a physician for serological testing and antibiotic therapy

Although clinical tests for thoracic outlet syndrome may be effective at reproducing symptoms, they are ineffective in determining causative factors. Which assessment is required to identify causative factors so that those can be addressed? - Angiography - Ultrasonography - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Electromyography (EMG) conduction testing

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Over the past 3 weeks, you have noticed alarming changes in an athlete. He is generally uninterested in training sessions and matches, and he appears unhappy, fatigued, and unfocused. Additionally, he appears to have lost weight and looks as though he is not sleeping enough. Which of the following psychological conditions should you suspect? - Posttraumatic stress disorder - Obsessive-compulsive disorder - Generalized anxiety episode - Major depressive episode

Major depressive episode

A baseball pitcher presents with unilateral shoulder pain he describes as deep within the joint as well as intermittent bicipital groove and biceps tendon tenderness. The athletes also reports a history of his involved shoulder popping, clicking, and catching with certain motions. As he is a baseball pitcher, you are concerned he may have sustained a superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesion. To apply evidence-based practice to the examination of this patient, what information from the National Athletic Trainer's Association (NATA) position statement on evaluation, management, and outcomes of and return-to-play criteria for overhead athletes with SLAP injuries should you consider? - Bicipital groove or biceps tendon tenderness is diagnostic of a SLAP lesion - A history of popping, clicking, or catching is diagnostic of a SLAP lesion - Mechanisms of injury for a SLAP lesion can include repetitive overhead activities, especially activities requiring shoulder abduction and end-range external rotation, that impart tensile, eccentric, or torsional forces on the biceps-labral complex - Shoulder pain described as deep within the anterior-superior glenohumeral joint is not diagnostic of a SLAP lesion

Mechanisms of injury for a SLAP lesion can include repetitive overhead activities, especially activities requiring shoulder abduction and end-range external rotation, that impart tensile, eccentric, or torsional forces on the biceps-labral complex

Which of the following would be a key consideration for an athletic trainer planning for emergencies while traveling internationally with a team? - The supervising home physician will still be able to facilitate care due to improved technology - Medications and equipment the athletic trainer would typically travel with may not be allowed to pass through security or across country borders - Weather-related screening tools are available in both standard and metric units of measurement - English is considered the accepted language in medicine, so communication with hospitals and physicians will occur without a significant language barrier

Medications and equipment the athletic trainer would typically travel with may not be allowed to pass through security or across country borders

A member of your ice hockey team approaches you after practice and shows you a small lesion, similar to a pimple, on his midanterior lower leg. He believes he has an ingrown hair or a spider bite. Based on your experience with skin conditions, you recommend he return the next day for a follow-up evaluation. The next day when the athlete sees you in the athletic training clinic the lesion has enlarged and appears red and swollen. He tells you the lesion is more painful than it looks and when you take his temperature orally the thermometer reads 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit. His respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min, and his resting heart rate is 96 beats/min. What condition is consistent with this patient's presentation, and how is this condition best managed? - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); referral to a physician - MRSA; deep cleaning and disinfection of the wound using the soap Hibiclens - Folliculitis; referral to a physician - Folliculitis; deep cleaning of the wound and application of a topical broad-spectrum antibiotic

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); referral to a physician

How can physically active individuals exercising for more than an hour in duration easily monitor adherence to proper hydration protocols to decrease risk of hyponatremia? - Monitor weight before and after activity - Assess urine color using standard urine color chart - Assess body temperature before and after activity and if any symptoms occur - Monitor urine output compared with water intake over a 24-hour period

Monitor weight before and after activity

The athletics booster club for the high school where you provide athletic training services has asked you to speak at their next meeting in response to a group of parents who are concerned about the number of concussions sustained by soccer players last season. Before the meeting you review the injury data for last season's boys' and girls' soccer teams and generate a report along with graphs depicting the incidence of concussions. What database information should you use to demonstrate how the rate of concussions experienced by the soccer players at your school compares with national rates? - National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System - National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research - National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study

National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study

A first-semester college student becomes sick with a wet, productive cough along with chest congestion and tightness. She also has a runny nose, nasal congestion, and a sore throat. After experiencing these symptoms for 3 days she seeks care at the university's health center. She is diagnosed with acute bronchitis and provided with a list of over-the-counter medications she can purchase to address her symptoms. The student leaves the health center upset because she expected she would be given an antibiotic prescription for her bronchitis as her hometown physician had always done. Why was she not given a prescription for an antibiotic to treat her acute bronchitis? - Most (90%) cases of acute bronchitis are viral in origin, and antibiotics are not indicated - Antibiotics provide only minimal benefit, so her medical insurance would not cover the cost of the prescription - Current accepted treatment for acute bronchitis is to delay antibiotic use until patients have experienced symptoms for 5 days - Her previous use of antibiotics for the treatment of acute bronchitis indicates antibiotics will be ineffective in treating her current case of acute bronchitis

Most (90%) cases of acute bronchitis are viral in origin, and antibiotics are not indicated

Following a superficial heat application, the athlete demonstrates spotty reddening of the treated area that does not itch. What is the correct term for this physiological response? - Anaphylaxis - Ischemia - Urticaria - Mottling - Hyperhidrosis

Mottling

An athlete with an anterior tibiofibular ligament injury asks why this ankle sprain is taking much longer to heal than previous lateral ankle sprains he has sustained. What is the best response to this athlete? - Tibiofibular ligament injuries are almost always associated with avulsion fractures, which increase healing time - Normal gait pattern repetitively spreads the mortise, which results in decreased approximation of healing ligaments fibers - More tendons around the ankle are involved in the mechanism for a tibiofibular ligament injury - Tibiofibular ligament injuries usually result in significantly more joint effusion, limiting motion and delaying return - Research shows that the mechanism associated with tibiofibular ligament injuries results in the most complete ligament ruptures of all types of ankle sprains

Normal gait pattern repetitively spreads the mortise, which results in decreased approximation of healing ligaments fibers

Which of the following classes of drugs are banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? - Cathartics - Histamine-2 blockers - Sympathomimetics - Peptide hormones

Peptide hormones

For 10 days your patient has been completing a therapeutic exercise program to address limited ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion secondary to extended immobilization. The program includes static stretching of the plantar flexors, active range of motion exercises, and resisted range of motion exercises using manual resistance. When you reassess your patient's ankle joint range of motion you note an ongoing passive dorsiflexion range of motion deficit. What therapeutic exercise should be added to this patient's treatment plan to address this dorsiflexion range of motion deficit? - Resisted range of motion exercises using tubing - Static stretching of the dorsiflexion - Posterior glides of the talus - Anterior glides of the talus

Posterior glides of the talus

Athletic trainers may become involved in ethical dilemmas either as the primary party or as the third party. Place each of the items listed in the table provided according to whether it is an example of an ethical issue where the athletic trainer is the primary party or an example of an ethical issue where the athletic trainer is the third party. A: Athletic trainer hears through locker room conversations about an athlete who is engaging in potentially harmful high-risk behaviors B: Athletic trainer sees on social media that team members at her university are selling their university-provided clothing and shoes, which is illegal C: Athletic trainer supervises an athletic training student who commits a breach of confidentiality D: Athletic trainer asks athlete to sign a jersey for the athletic trainer's nephew to show appreciation for the athletic trainer helping him recover from his injury E: High school athletic trainer works with a newly hired certified assistant athletic trainer who has started secretly dating a player on the boy's baseball team F: Athletic trainer delays clearing a previously injured but now healthy starting quarterback for competition because the team is winning with the backup quarterback

Primary Party: C, D, F Third Party: A, B, E

What is the most common treatment for symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? - Use of a beta blocker - Implantation of a pacemaker - Cardiac catheterization - Radiofrequency catheter ablation

Radiofrequency catheter ablation

An athlete was recently involved in a motor vehicle accident in which her friend was paralyzed. Since that time the athlete has been very short-tempered and has had trouble sleeping more than 2 to 3 hours per night. The athletes shares that she does not think she can travel in the coming week, as she is terrified to get on the bus. After discussing the situation with the team physician, what would be the best way to manage this situation? - Refer the athlete to the team massage therapist to help her relax - Teach the athlete deep breathing and meditation exercises - Take the athlete through an imagery exercise to visualize a safe bus trip - Refer the athlete to the school counseling center

Refer the athlete to the school counseling center

In the months between the fall and spring football season, while conducting a review of the medical records of the members of your school's football team you note a player sustained his second concussion of the season during the final postseason game. The medical documentation indicates appropriate follow-up care was provided before the player left campus for the holiday break. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Position Statement on Management of Sport Concussions, what should you communicate to this player before the start of the spring season? - Research suggests that persons with a history of two or more concussions in a football season must be disqualified from participation in contact sports - Research suggests that the relationship among concussions, subconcussive impacts, and long-term brain health is not clear - Research has demonstrated a strong link between number of concussions and declines in neurocognitive functioning, brain function, and motor control - Research has shown a link between sustaining two concussions in a season and the likelihood of being diagnosed with depression

Research suggests that the relationship among concussions, subconcussive impacts, and long-term brain health is not clear

A basketball player went up for a rebound and was elbowed in the face by an opponent. The athlete is not moving, and his hands are covering his face. What steps should you take to assess this athlete? Select only the steps that are appropriate at this time. Place your selections in priority order using the fill-in lines that follow. Some of the steps listed may not be used. A: Rule out joint dislocations B: Rule out allergies to medications C: Rule out bony and soft tissue trauma D: Rule out life-threatening trauma to the head or spinal column E: Rule our peripheral nerve injury F: Rule out family history of cardiovascular or respiratory disease G: Rule out profuse bleeding H: Rule out inhibition of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems I: Rule out the presence of fractures J: Rule out functional impairments

Rule out 1st: H Rule out 2nd: D Rule out 3rd: G Rule out 4th: I Rule out 5th: A Rule out 6th: E Rule out 7th: C

Propriety standards are used during an employee's performance evaluation to ensure that the process is legal and fair. Which of the following is an example of a conflict of interest? - Sam and Tom were very close friends and colleagues before Sam was promoted to a supervisory position and now supervises Tom - Kelly provides only criticisms rather than strategies for improvement on Bob's evaluation - Nathan observes and evaluates Tina's performance in July and meets with her to discuss it in January - Susan implemented a new evaluation technique that involves her shadowing Samantha for an entire work week, asking questions during all portions of Samantha's work day

Sam and Tom were very close friends and colleagues before Sam was promoted to a supervisory position and now supervises Tom

Although once considered the standard of care, the use of high-dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury is currently controversial. What led to this change? - Research suggests that patients given methylprednisolone for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury did not demonstrate significantly better functional outcome measures than patients given a placebo medication - Several research studies have demonstrated a higher incidence of respiratory and infectious complications with methylprednisolone - Recent research has demonstrated support for the use of methylprednisolone only in patients with thoracic spinal cord injury - Research suggests that the use of methylprednisolone may lead to dangerous drops in blood pressure

Several research studies have demonstrated a higher incidence of respiratory and infectious complications with methylprednisolone

A rugby player sustains a compound fracture of the radius and ulna. While the injury is being splinted, the athlete begins to complain of light-headedness. Assessment of vital signs reveals blood pressure 88/60 mm Hg, pulse 105 beats/min and weak, and respirations 25 and shallow. Based on these findings, what condition do you suspect? - Compromised limb - Sepsis - Panic attack - Shock

Shock

An athletic trainer is using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques to improve an athlete's glenohumeral joint motion. The athletic trainer positions the athlete in a supine position with the glenohumeral joint in 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. The athlete performs a concentric contraction of the internal rotators until the end of the range is reached. The athlete then performs an isometric contraction of the external rotators. This is followed by relaxation of the shoulder musculature and then a contraction of the internal rotators concentrically to achieve a stretch. Which of the following PNF stretching techniques is being employed? - Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral external rotation - Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation - Contract-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation - Contract-relax technique to increase glenohumeral external rotation - Hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation

Slow reversal-hold-relax technique to increase glenohumeral internal rotation

When designing a new athletic training facility, what key factors must be communicated to the architect to maximize efficient traffic patterns and minimize potential congestion? - Types of clients to be served and number of staff - Subfunctions of each functional area and anticipated space needs of those areas - Needs assessment and national design standards - Proximity to locker rooms and weight room

Subfunctions of each functional area and anticipated space needs of those areas

The women's soccer coach e-mailed the director of athletic training requesting an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)injury prevention program be developed and administered to her players during the upcoming nontraditional season. As you are the newly hired intern, you have been tasked with researching the current literature on ACL injury prevention programs. Which type of published study can provide you the strongest level of evidence? - Randomized controlled trial (RCT) - Systematic review of RCTs - Outcomes research - Case series

Systematic review of RCTs

During a lacrosse game, two players collide at midfield and fall to the turf. One player is writhing around holding his leg, which appears to be obviously deformed, and the other player is lying prone on the turf and not moving. As the athletic trainer jogs onto the field, what should be his first action? - Survey the scene and move first to assess the prone athlete while directing a coach to calm down the player with the lower leg injury - Activate the emergency action plan (EAP) and call emergency medical services (EMS) while jogging toward the prone athlete - Survey the scene and move quickly to the athlete with the obvious fracture - Ask a coach to remove all athletes from the field and quickly conduct a primary assessment of the athlete with the lower leg injury followed by a primary assessment of the prone athlete

Survey the scene and move first to assess the prone athlete while directing a coach to calm down the player with the lower leg injury

A cross country runner steps on a tree root while running along a path in the woods and sustains a moderate ankle sprain. After evaluating and treating the athlete, you decide to apply a supportive wrap to the athlete's injured ankle and provide the athlete with an assistive ambulatory device. You have applied the supportive wrap, but the athlete cannot bear weight on the injured limb. As you prepare to send the athlete home for the evening, what steps should you take to fit him for crutches? Select only the steps that are appropriate at this time. Place your selections in the order in which you would perform them. Some of the steps listed may not be used. (Steps 1-5) A: Adjust the hand brace so that it is even with the athlete's hand when the elbow is flexed at approximately 30 degrees B: Adjust the hand brace so that it is even with the athlete's hand when the elbow is fully extended C: Ask the athlete to remove his shoes and stand with his feet close together and knees flexed to approximately 20 degrees D: With the athlete standing, place the tip of the crutches 1 in. from the outer margin of his shoes and 12 in. in front of his shoes, and adjust their length E: Ask the athlete to wear low shoes similar to the ones he will be wearing when using crutches and to stand straight with his feet close together F: With the athlete standing, place the tip of the crutches 6 in. from the outer margin of his shoes and 2 in. in front of his shoes, and adjust their length as needed G: Check crutch length by ensuring the crutch top is 1 in. (about 3 finger widths) below the anterior fold of the axilla H: Check crutch length by determining whether the crutch top is 3 to 4 in. below the anterior fold of the axilla I: Inspect the crutch tops, bolts, and wing nuts to make sure they are clean, functioning, and neither worn nor defective

Step 1: I Step 2: E Step 3: F Step 4: G Step 5: A

At her previous rehabilitation session your patient successfully completed both the stork stance and the tandem stand on a stable surface for 30 seconds, without a loss of balance, multiple times. What lower extremity proprioception exercise should this patient progress to next? - Single leg standing on a trampoline with eyes open - Double leg standing on a foam roller and catching a tossed ball - Stork stance on stable surface with eyes closed - Tandem stand on an unstable surface with eyes closed

Stork stance on stable surface with eyes closed

Which of the following descriptions is the best example of the coordination between dynamic and isometric contractions of opposing muscle groups to perform movement at a joint? - Tibialis posterior pulling the talus toward the calcaneus while the tibialis anterior pulls the talus anteriorly during dorsiflexion of the talocrural joint -Pectineus pulling the femur into internal rotation while the sartorius pulls the femur into external rotation during flexion of the hip joint - Supraspinatus assisted by the other rotator cuff muscles pulling the head of the humerus toward the glenoid fossa while the deltoid pulls the head of the humerus superiorly during glenohumeral abduction - Popliteus pulling the tibia posteriorly toward the femur while the quadriceps muscle group rotates the tibia externally during extension of the knee joint - Biceps brachii supinating the forearm while the triceps muscle group pulls the ulna toward the humerus during elbow extension

Supraspinatus assisted by the other rotator cuff muscles pulling the head of the humerus toward the glenoid fossa while the deltoid pulls the head of the humerus superiorly during glenohumeral abduction

Anterior shoulder instability can be treated in a variety of ways based on the severity and chronicity of the pathology. Match the following rehabilitation considerations to the appropriate treatment regimen. (Surgical Repair, Acute Instability without Surgical Repair, Chronic Instability without Surgical Repair) A: Sling to limit motion for 3 to 6 weeks B: Healing tissue should be protected C: No motion limitations D: External rotation and abduction with external rotation limited for several weeks then progressed E: Motion is limited by pain F: No protection of healing tissue required G: Begin with active assistive exercises and progress rapidly to active strengthening H: Sling for several days up to 4 weeks I: Begin with passive exercises and then progress to active assistive exercises followed by active strengthening J: Sling typically not required K: Protect healing tissue initially as dictated by pain L: Begin with active strengthening exercise progression

Surgical Repair: A, B, D, I Acute Instability without Surgical Repair: E, G, H, K Chronic Instability without Surgical Repair: C, F, J, L

To gather research evidence to aid in answering your clinical question about the effectiveness of microcurrent in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis, you use the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). What information does this database provide? - Abstracts of systematic reviews that have been assessed for quality - Systematic reviews and clinical trials in the field of physical therapy that are focused on rehabilitation - Articles that are cited most frequently - Only Cochrane Reviews related to physical therapy that are focused on rehabilitation

Systematic reviews and clinical trials in the field of physical therapy that are focused on rehabilitation

In order to minimize injury risk while maximizing performance, athletic trainers must be able to educate athletes on the differences between the numerous shoes available for physical activity and sports participation. Using the table, match each of the shoe characteristics to the type of shoe, either tennis shoe or running shoe. Some shoe characteristics may be used for more than one shoe type, and some shoe characteristics may not be used at all. A: Nylon mesh uppers B: Sole made of polyurethane C: Leather uppers D: Deep grooves on tread E: Heel flared for stability F: Minimal shock-absorbing capability G: Sole made of durable carbon-based material H: No heel flare I: Flattened tread J: Heel and sole padded for shock absorption

Tennis Shoe: B, C, F, H, I Running Shoe: A, D, E, G, J

A freshman collegiate sprinter of Native American descent with an injured hamstring comes in for treatment on Monday morning after going home for the weekend. Inspection of the injured hamstring reveals some redness, heat, and discoloration that was not present when the athlete finished treatment on Friday. The athlete shared that while at home the tribal medicine person applied some herbs and manual muscle energy techniques. Since that time, the athlete has noticed the inflammatory response and increased pain. How might the athletic trainer address this situation? - Explain that the tribal medicine person has exacerbated the injury with the alternative medicine treatments and the athlete should no longer seek care there - Apply ice and other modalities to manage the inflammation and hope the alternative medicine treatment has not set the rehabilitation process back significantly - Ask the coach not to allow the athlete to travel until the injury is resolved - Talk to the athlete to gain a better understanding of the treatment that was provided and explain that sometimes alternative medicine techniques affect in a negative way traditional rehabilitation protocols

Talk to the athlete to gain a better understanding of the treatment that was provided and explain that sometimes alternative medicine techniques affect in a negative way traditional rehabilitation protocols

Successful completion of which of the following would indicate that a patient completing a balance progression is ready to move to a single-weight support position? - Double-weight support, eyes closed, feet together for 30 seconds - Tandem-stance support, eyes open, 30 seconds - Tandem-stance support, eyes closed, head rotating left to right, 30 seconds - Double-weight support, eyes closed, feet together, head rotating left to right, 30 seconds

Tandem-stance support, eyes closed, head rotating left to right, 30 seconds

A cheerleader who is returning to functional activities following a patellar dislocation notes pain with activities such as step downs and squats. Evaluation reveals that the cheerleader's patella sits laterally in the trochlear groove. How might the athletic trainer use McConnell taping techniques to improve muscle activation and rehabilitation outcomes? - Tape anchored on the lateral border of the patella with a medical pull and a medial fold anchoring on the medial condyle - Tape anchored on the medial border of the patella with a lateral pull and a lateral fold anchoring on the lateral condyle - Tape anchored on the middle of the patella and pulled toward the medial femoral condyle so that the lateral border is lifted - Tape anchored on the superior half of the patella and pulled upward lifting the inferior pole and anchoring on the quadriceps, minimizing pressure on the patellar tendon

Tape anchored on the lateral border of the patella with a medical pull and a medial fold anchoring on the medial condyle

You are working at a hospital-based sports medicine clinic. Which of the following organizations would be most likely to visit your clinic during an on-site accreditation visit? - The Joint Commission - American Medical Association - Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities - Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Commission on Accreditation and Healthcare Safety

The Joint Commission

As a high school athletic trainer, you receive a phone call from a local physician's office requesting copies of your preparticipation physical and evaluation of notes from a 16-year-old football player's recent knee injury. How should you best respond to this request? - A release of records must be signed by the athlete, and then they can be faxed to the requesting physician - The requested records may be faxed or mailed to the requesting physician's office - The athlete's mother may call and request the records be sent, and then the records can be faxed to the requesting physician - The coach requests the records be sent on behalf of the athlete, and then the records can be faxed to the requesting physician - The athlete and a parent may come by the athletic training clinic and pick up copies of his record to take to the physician

The athlete and a parent may come by the athletic training clinic and pick up copies of his record to take to the physician

The soccer coach is observing as you work with the starting midfielder on sport-specific drills during the functional progression phase of her rehabilitation protocol. How would you explain to the coach the factors that will determine when the athlete is ready to return to participation? - The athlete can return to activity when she completes all of the aspects of the functional progression and meets the time frame outlined in the rehabilitation protocol - The athlete can return to activity when her isokinetic testing values indicate equal strength bilaterally - The athlete can return to activity when she can perform all functional activities without hesitation and without favoring one extremity over the other, and she can demonstrate confidence with all movements - The athlete can return to activity when her strength and range of motion are within normal limits and she feels comfortable returning

The athlete can return to activity when she can perform all functional activities without hesitation and without favoring one extremity over the other, and she can demonstrate confidence with all movements

A basketball player has recently been diagnosed with tinea corporis and started on a topical fungicide. Under what conditions will the athlete be allowed to return to play? - The athlete can play as long as the area is covered - The athlete can return to play after using the fungicide for 72 hours if the lesion is covered by a gas-permeable membrane and tape - The athlete can return to play if symptoms of the virus, such as fever and fatigue, have disappeared and no new lesions have been observed for the past 72 hours - The athlete can return to play after being on antibiotics for 24 hours and covering the lesion with a gas-permeable membrane and tape

The athlete can return to play after using the fungicide for 72 hours if the lesion is covered by a gas-permeable membrane and tape

You refer an athlete to the team physician for evaluation of jumper's knee. She returns with a diagnosis of bipartite patella. What does this diagnosis imply? - The athlete has a congenital abnormality in which the patella has developed from two centers rather than one, resulting in two parts that are connected by fibrocartilage - The athlete has an avulsion fracture of the inferior pole of the patella by the patellar tendon - The athlete has a stress fracture of the patella due to the pull of the quadriceps musculature - The athlete has progressive degeneration of the patella that has developed from excessive maltracking and chronic tendonitis - The athlete has early onset of osteoarthritis of the patella that has developed from excessive maltracking and chronic tendonitis

The athlete has a congenital abnormality in which the patella has developed from two centers rather than one, resulting in two parts that are connected by fibrocartilage

Which of the following statements best describes a mechanical cervical traction protocol aimed at opening the intervertebral space? - The athlete is supine or long-sitting with the neck flexed between 25 degrees and 30 degrees, and a traction force between 5 kg and 10 kg is applied intermittently -The athlete is prone with the neck in a neutral position, and a traction force of 20 kg is applied continuously - The athlete is supine with the neck in a neutral position, and a traction force of 5% of body weight is applied continuously - The athlete is prone with the neck flexed 10 degrees to 20 degrees, and a traction force greater than 20 kg is applied intermittently

The athlete is supine or long-sitting with the neck flexed between 25 degrees and 30 degrees, and a traction force between 5 kg and 10 kg is applied intermittently

In which of the following situations would it be appropriate for the athletic trainer to progress from the primary survey to the secondary survey when managing a patient with an on-field injury? - Airway, breathing, and circulation have been established, and the athlete is bleeding profusely from an open leg wound - The athlete is conscious, stable, and being treated for shock - The athlete is unconscious, supine, and breathing, and vital signs are stable - The athlete is conscious with an obvious closed tibia-fibula fracture; is exhibiting nervousness, nausea, and chills; and appears pale

The athlete is unconscious, supine, and breathing, and vital signs are stable

An athlete sustains a laceration during a game that results in blood saturating the uniform. How would you properly manage this situation in order to return the athlete to the game? - The athlete may be returned to the game immediately as long as the wound is no longer actively bleeding - The athlete must be removed from competition for the remainder of the game - The uniform must be cleaned with an approved disinfectant for fabrics before returning to the game - The athlete must change the portion of the uniform that is saturated before returning to the game

The athlete must change the portion of the uniform that is saturated before returning to the game

During practice a wrestler experiences forced lateral flexion of the cervical spine with a simultaneous inferior force to the contralateral shoulder. The athlete comes to the side of the mat holding the injured arm and complaining of an extreme burning sensation, numbness, and weakness of the arm. When should you allow this athlete to return to the game? - The athlete must demonstrate normal sensation and strength bilaterally, be cleared for any associated injuries, and express confidence in returning to play - The athlete must demonstrate full shoulder and neck range of motion and be able to complete functional activities - The athlete must wait a minimum of 20 minutes and express confidence in returning to play - The athlete must ice for 20 minutes, demonstrate normal sensation and strength bilaterally, and score within 90% of baseline on neuropsychological testing

The athlete must demonstrate normal sensation and strength bilaterally, be cleared for any associated injuries, and express confidence in returning to play

A professional badminton player is returning to a sport-specific training progression following rotator cuff repair. After initiating some serving drills with sport equipment, the athlete comes in the following day complaining of soreness in the erector spinae musculature. Which of the following observations might indicate to the clinician that the athlete is not yet ready to progress to this level of functional training? - The athlete grunts while completing the serve, indicating he is eliciting a significant amount of core power - The athlete seems to be hyperextending his trunk in order to get the racket in the correct position to complete the serving motion - The athlete seems to be rotating his trunk on the follow-through phase of the serve as his arm comes across his body - The athlete begins to become winded and rests with hands on knees after completing 7 to 10 serves

The athlete seems to be hyperextending his trunk in order to get the racket in the correct position to complete the serving motion

During preseason football a sophomore records a third day prepractice weight of 193 lbs. His first session prepractice weight was 200 lb. What actions should be taken in managing this athlete? - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids before and while participating fully in the practice session - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and be held out of practice until he returns to his normal body weight - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and should be restricted from full-contact drills during practice - The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and be allowed to practice until he demonstrates or experiences signs and symptoms of exertional heat illness

The athlete should be encouraged to drink fluids and be held out of practice until he returns to his normal body weight

A soccer player is brought into the athletic training room by his teammates. They report that they were playing pick-up when someone kicked a ball and the athlete did not see the ball coming toward his head. The athlete turned unexpectedly and met the full force of the ball with his head and face. Your evaluation reveals that the athlete's bottom three central incisors appear to have been forced down into their sockets. What action should the athletic trainer take to manage this injury? - The athlete should be immediately transported to a trauma-trained dentist or the emergency department - The athlete should be asked to bite on a gauze pad to hold the teeth in place and then referred to the team dentist - The athletic trainer should attempt to gently reposition the teeth and then refer to the team dentist - The athlete should be allowed to return back to his dorm to rest and then return for reevaluation later in the day as the teeth will more than likely rebound to their original position

The athlete should be immediately transported to a trauma-trained dentist or the emergency department

A beach volleyball player complains of blurred vision, light sensitivity, and the sensation of "having something in her eye" after diving in the sand. Evaluation reveals no visible foreign objects, but similar sensations remain after flushing the eye with sterile saline solution. Examination utilizing a fluorescein strip reveals a possible corneal abrasion. How should this condition be managed? - The eye should be patched, and the athlete should be instructed to return in 24 hours for reevaluation - The athlete should be provided with nonprescription contact lenses to protect the healing area - The athlete should be referred to an ophthalmologist for topical antibiotic and anesthetic treatment as needed - The eye should be patched, and the athlete should be referred to the emergency department for evaluation

The athlete should be referred to an ophthalmologist for topical antibiotic and anesthetic treatment as needed

An athlete sustains a blow to the head in the first few minutes of a contest and is diagnosed with a concussion. According to the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5), what recommendation is made regarding returning this athlete to the contest? - The athlete can be returned to the contest before half-time if his SCAT5 scores indicate a "normal" rating - The athlete can be returned to the contest after half-time is his SCAT5 scores indicate a "normal" rating - The athlete can return to the contest immediately, as long as he is not demonstrating any of the SCAT5 "red flags," such as neck pain or tenderness, double vision, severe or increasing headache, and vomiting - The athlete should not be returned to participation on that day

The athlete should not be returned to participation on that day

A physician's rehabilitation prescription states the following: "Dx: 4 wks s/p ACL recon US 100% qod. LE: CKC exs qd." Which of the following best illustrates correct application of this prescription? - The athlete should receive ultrasound at 100% intensity every day and complete concentric knee contractions every day - The athlete should receive continuous ultrasound every other day and complete mini-squat exercises every day - The athlete should receive ultrasound before each rehabilitation session and complete terminal knee extensions every other day - The athlete should complete concentric knee cocontractions while receiving continuous ultrasound daily - The athlete should receive 100% intensity ultrasound every other day and complete BAPS board exercises twice a day for the next 4 weeks

The athlete should receive continuous ultrasound every other day and complete mini-squat exercises every day

The volleyball team is participating in a beach volleyball tournament. The coach has given the players sunscreen with SPF 15. What does an SPF of 15 imply? - The athletes can be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red - The athletes can safely stay in the sun for 150 minutes before their skin turns red - The athletes have 15 microlayers of skin protection against harmful UV rays - The athletes will have protection against 15 different types of UV rays - The athletes can safely stay in the sun for 15 hours before their skin turns red

The athletes can be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light 15 times longer than they could without any sunscreen before their skin turns red

You are concerned that a 12-year-old figure skater who practices 3 hours each day may be demonstrating negative psychological consequences of maintaining high-intensity training for an extended period. What potential negative aspect of this training should you explain to the parents of this child? - The child will experience body image issues and may develop an eating disorder - The child will become self-centered and introverted - The child may exhibit abnormal sleeping and eating patterns - The child will likely grow up to be unable to handle failure in life - The child may experience a desire to be with her friends all the time

The child may exhibit abnormal sleeping and eating patterns

An athletic trainer working in the industrial setting is attempting to make the exercises she selects for her patients as job specific as possible. Which of the following staff members might assist the athletic trainer in creating this type of work-specific exercise program? - The employee's supervisor - The plant nurse - The plant's risk management specialist - The company's ergonomist

The company's ergonomist

A lacrosse player has been diagnosed with a concussion based on his medical history and physical examination findings. To incorporate best-practice guidelines into your management of this athlete's condition, you have consulted the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on concussion management. Each clinical practice recommendation in this document is followed by a Strength Of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) letter, A, B, or C. Which of the following is correct regarding this lettering system? - The letter B indicates the recommendation is based on published case series or studies of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, or screening - The letter A indicates the recommendation is based on inconsistent or limited-quality experimental evidence - The letter C indicates the recommendation is based on consensus, usual practice, or opinion - The letter C indicates the recommendation is based on consistent and good-quality experimental evidence

The letter C indicates the recommendation is based on consensus, usual practice, or opinion

A basketball player is struck in the ear by the opponent's open hand. The player reports immediate, intense ear pain, a whistling sound, and decreased hearing. During your evaluation, you visualize a small tympanic membrane perforation. What instructions will you give this athlete until a physician can evaluate? - All tympanic membrane perforations require surgical repair, so the player should look into his insurance coverage - The player will be required to miss 4 to 6 weeks of practice and will most likely be prescribed an antibiotic - The player's tympanic membrane will most likely heal on its own, but the player must avoid getting water in the ear - The injury will permanently affect the player's hearing, so he should immediately contact disability services on campus to schedule a consultation

The player's tympanic membrane will most likely heal on its own, but the player must avoid getting water in the ear

A member of the rifle team reports to your athletic training facility complaining of posterior scapular and thoracic muscle pain. On review of his medical records, you note he has been treated for muscular trigger points in the postural muscles where he is reporting pain. What is the potential cause of his trigger point development? - The postural muscles become inhibited in response to stress or strain - The postural muscles become weakened in response to stress or strain - The postural muscles become overactivated and tightened or shortened in response to stress or strain - The postural muscles become actively insufficient in response to stress or strain

The postural muscles become overactivated and tightened or shortened in response to stress or strain

After her second year, the head athletic trainer for your school's football program recognizes the need to reduce the incidence of skin conditions among players and develops an educational and personal hygiene program that drastically minimizes the number of skin conditions over the next three seasons. What type of leadership has this athletic trainer exhibited? - Transactional - Experimental - Transformational - Informational

Transformational

Your junior varsity softball coach calls you from an extended road trip to report that his starting pitcher sustained a blow to the anterior aspect of her lower leg when she was unable to field a batted ball. The player is experiencing localized anterior tibial pain with moderate swelling, discoloration, and point tenderness. You discuss with the coach situations in which he may need to seek additional medical assistance. Using the table, assign each of the following signs and symptoms to the appropriate referral category. (Treat at home; Make an appointment with the physician; Go to the emergency department) A: Unable to bear weight 2 days after injury B: Footdrop experienced 12 hours after injury C: Increased pain 6 hours after injury D: Increased swelling 8 hours after injury E: Localized increase in tissue temperature 2 hours after injury F: Distal paresthesia concentrated in the first web space 8 hours after injury G: No relief of initial level of pain 3 days after injury H: Low-grade fever and increased redness 24 hours after injury I: Distal decreased capillary refill 12 hours after injury

Treat at home: C, D, E Make an appointment with the physician: A, G Go to the emergency department: B, F, H, I

When using kinesio tape to treat a patient with patellofemoral pain syndrome to provide proprioceptive feedback on patellar positioning, how should the tape be applied? - Two Y-shaped strips with one anchored on the front of the thigh with the Y wrapping around the patella and the other anchored near the tibial tuberosity with the Y wrapping around the patella - Two long strips with one anchored on the front of the thigh wrapping along the medial aspects of the patella and ending on the medial distal tibia and the other starting on the anterior thigh and wrapping along the lateral aspect of the patella and ending on the lateral aspect of the tibia - Three short strips placed medial to lateral just above the patella, across the middle of the patella, and at the inferior pole of the patella - Three long strips all beginning at the tibial tuberosity and ending on the anterior thigh above the patella, one medial to the patella, one directly over the patella, and one lateral to the patella

Two Y-shaped strips with one anchored on the front of the thigh with the Y wrapping around the patella and the other anchored near the tibial tuberosity with the Y wrapping around the patella

A high school freshman athlete presents with polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia, along with a recent loss in body weight. What condition do you suspect, and what tests can your physician order to assist in confirming your initial impression? - Type 2 diabetes mellitus; complete blood count and thyroid-stimulating hormone - Type 1 diabetes mellitus; fasting blood glucose level - Kidney stones; urinalysis - Urinary tract infection; urinalysis

Type 1 diabetes mellitus; fasting blood glucose level

A high school pitcher complains of medial elbow pain in the late cocking and early acceleration phase of throwing. He also notes a decrease in velocity and accuracy as well as decrease in the total number of pitches he is able to throw before he gets tired. What condition is likely to result in this type of functional impairment? - Supinator muscle strain - Distal biceps tendon rupture - Forearm compartment syndrome - Ulnar nerve sprain

Ulnar nerve sprain

Which of the following pain patterns is radicular pain? - Right shoulder, right upper quadrant, and bilateral inner thigh pain attributed to gallbladder pathology - Left shoulder, left upper quadrant, and left side low back pain attributed to spleen pathology - Neck, left chest, left scapula, and left forearm pain attributed to cardiac pathology - Unilateral sciatic nerve pain attributed to L5 nerve root pathology

Unilateral sciatic nerve pain attributed to L5 nerve root pathology

A pitcher is struck in the head by a battered ball. Palpation of the injured area reveals what may be a small depressed skull fracture. The athletic trainer elects to perform the halo test to confirm the suspected diagnosis. Why is it important to wear gloves while performing this special test? - It prevents the introduction of infection into the fracture site - It protects the athletic trainer from exposure to bleeding, as a laceration often accompanies an injury of this nature - Universal precautions are required, as cerebrospinal fluid may carry bloodborne pathogens - Insertion of the gauze into the external auditory canal may introduce bacteria to the ear canal

Universal precautions are required, as cerebrospinal fluid may carry bloodborne pathogens

A high school basketball player with a history of bilateral ankle sprains has just completed a 3-week-long treatment and rehabilitation program for a lateral ankle sprain of the right ankle joint. One of your outcome measures for this patient is active and passive ankle joint dorsiflexion range of motion. How should this outcome measure be used? - Use a goniometer to measure the active dorsiflexion range of motion of the right ankle and compare it with the passive dorsiflexion range of motion of the same ankle joint - Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive dorsiflexion range of motion of the right ankle and compare them with the same measurements of the left ankle - Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive range of motion of the right ankle and compare these values with measurements obtained before the patient's first treatment and rehabilitation session - Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive range of motion of the right ankle and compare these values with normative range of motion values

Use a goniometer to measure the active and passive range of motion of the right ankle and compare these values with normative range of motion values

Athletic trainers are increasingly using portable electronic devices, such as iPads, tablets, and smartphones, to assist with medical documentation and to access medical records. Whereas these devices may decrease time spent documenting, allowing for more time for patient care, maintaining confidentiality can be a challenge. What action should be taken when using electronic portable devices to safeguard patient information? - Use the same password to unlock the device as the owner has for e-mail and accessing network accounts to maintain consistency - Use only devices enabled with image identification so only the device owner can access the device and the software program within - Use a two-lock system whereby one password is used to access the device and a second, different, password is used to enter the software program - Use only devices and software programs that provide for backup to an external hard drive and adhere to a routine backup procedure

Use a two-lock system whereby one password is used to access the device and a second, different, password is used to enter the software program

During practice, a member of your softball team approaches you complaining of intensely itchy erythematous areas on her body. As you begin to question her about this condition, you note some facial edema and that she is beginning to have difficulty breathing and talking because her tongue is swelling. What is the most appropriate immediate treatment for this athlete's condition? - Apply ice bags over the throat and mouth areas - Use an epinephrine autoinjector - Give the athlete two doses of an oral antihistamine - Use a rapid-acting beta-agonist inhaler - Apply topical anesthetic over erythematous areas

Use an epinephrine autoinjector

A recently certified athletic trainer is hired in the early summer by an outpatient sports medicine clinic to provide care for student athletes at a local junior college where football preseason begins the first week of August. On a hot and humid afternoon on the seventh day of preseason, when an athlete presents with symptoms consistent with heat illness, the athletic trainer fails to assess and treat the athlete in accordance with the profession's standard of care. Knowing the prognosis for the ill athlete is poor and he failed to provide proper medical care, the athletic trainer falsifies all medical documentation related to the incident. By which clause can the athletic trainer's employer, the sports medicine clinic, be held liable for the athletic trainer's actions? - Contributory negligence - Vicarious liability - Governmental immunity - Assumption of risk

Vicarious liability

Which of the following tests assesses cranial nerve II? - Lateral and vertical gaze - Double simultaneous stimulation of the trigeminal nerve - Symmetric smile - Visual acuity - Pupil reaction to light

Visual acuity

It is often helpful to have patients quantify their pain in an objective manner. Which of the following pain scales is most useful when conducting serial measurements, as it is more difficult for the patient to intentionally skew the measurement? - Numeric rating scale - Visual analog scale - McGill Pain Questionnaire - Referred pain outcome measure

Visual analog scale

You have administered an electrotherapy treatment aimed at decreasing shoulder pain in your 20-year-old patient. What pain assessment tool can provide the most unbiased assessment of the extent to which the treatment you have provided decreased your patient's shoulder pain? - Numeric rating scale - McGill Pain Questionnaire - Visual analog scale - Verbal descriptor scale

Visual analog scale

Before releasing an athlete who has sustained a cerebral concussion to the responsible adult who will be monitoring him overnight, which of the following signs and symptoms require immediate referral to the emergency department? - Headache - Lethargy - Inability to concentrate - Vomiting - Irritability

Vomiting

Athletic trainers, similar to all health-care providers, have a legal, moral, and ethical responsibility to know not only the correct use of each therapeutic device but also the contraindications and precautions for administering each device. The user's guide provided by the therapeutic modality manufacturer lists the absolute contraindications, relative contraindications, and precautions for that device. What is meant by the term "relative contraindication"? - Ways misuse of the modality can cause harm to the patient - Conditions or situations for which the modality must not be used under any circumstances - Ways the treatment can be modified to accommodate a patient's condition or situation - Conditions or situations for which the modality can be used, provided that the patient signs a legal waiver

Ways the treatment can be modified to accommodate a patient's condition or situation

A patient has been told to be completely non-weight-bearing on his lower extremity and has been instructed on the proper use of crutches. Which of the following statements about this use of crutches is correct? - The patient should maintain normal gait pattern by making contact with the crutch and the opposite limb simultaneously - The patient should contact the floor with the two crutches and the injured limb simultaneously - When descending stairs, the uninvolved limb leads, by touching down on the lower step before the involved limb, and crutches follow - When ascending stairs, the uninvolved limb leads, and crutches stay on the riser below, then crutches and involved limb follow up together

When ascending stairs, the uninvolved limb leads, and crutches stay on the riser below, then crutches and involved limb follow up together

When performing cardiac auscultations, which of the following findings would necessitate referral to a physician for further evaluation? - During inspiration, the S2 sound is split into two components - While taking the carotid pulse during auscultation, you note that the "lubb" sound is synchronous with the carotid pulse - When auscultating over the fourth intercostal space along the lower left sternal border, you fail to hear a bruit sound - When auscultating over the mitral valve, you note turbulent blood flow or valvular vibration during systole and diastole - When auscultating over the second right intercostal space at the right sternal border, you note a loud "lubb-dupp" sound

When auscultating over the mitral valve, you note turbulent blood flow or valvular vibration during systole and diastole

In which of the following situations should the athletic trainer refer an athlete to an outside health-care provider rather than continue to treat the athlete? - When the relationship with the athlete serves the athletic trainer's needs more than it serves the athlete - When an athlete is frustrated with the progress being made during rehabilitation - When an athlete is pulling away from the team and coaches due to strong feelings of homesickness - When the athletic trainer seems to be thinking about the athlete's needs and ways to address these needs during nonworking hours - When an athlete confesses to taking somebody else's attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder prescription to stay up and study for a midterm examination

When the relationship with the athlete serves the athletic trainer's needs more than it serves the athlete

An athlete ruptures the extensor tendon dorsal to the middle phalanx of the index finger of his right hand. How should this best be splinted? - With the proximal interphalangeal joint in flexion and the distal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the metacarpophalangeal joint - With the distal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joint - With the proximal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joint - With the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints in extension without restricting movement of the metacarpophalangeal joint - With the metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint in full extension

With the proximal interphalangeal joint in extension without restricting movement of the adjacent joint