MOD 6

Excessive ingestion of ethanol over a long period may cause which of the following? A) physiological addiction B) memory loss C) deterioration of the liver D) all of the above

D) all of the above

Animal starch is called ________. A) amylose B) amylopectin C) cellulose D) glycogen

D) glycogen

Proteins are A) polyamides. B) polyesters. C) polysaccharides. D) polyacids.

A) polyamides.

The formula for hexane is A) C6H6. B) C6H12. C) C6H14. D) C6H10.

C) C6H14.

Amines are derivatives of A) ammonia. B) methane. C) water. D) amino acids.

A) ammonia.

In organic chemistry, compounds are generally classified by A) state. B) functional group. C) color. D) odor.

B) functional group.

Which of the following polymers is NOT made by plants? A) amylopectin B) amylose C) cellulose D) glycogen

D) glycogen

What is the primary use of hydrocarbons?

Fuels are the primary use of hydrocarbons.

One of the compounds that is present in rancid butter and body odor is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) benzaldehyde. D) formaldehyde.

B) butyric acid.

The class of compounds that serve as the source of information and control in living systems are A) amino acids. B) carbohydrates. C) nucleic acids. D) proteins.

C) nucleic acids.

Amino acids are the "building blocks" of A) carbohydrates. B) fats. C) proteins. D) vitamins.

C) proteins.

The sugar in the nucleotides of RNA is A) glucose. B) sucrose. C) ribose. D) deoxyribose.

C) ribose.

In cells, protein synthesis occurs on the A) nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) ribosomes. D) cytoplasm.

C) ribosomes.

Compounds that have two alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom are called A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) esters. D) ethers.

D) ethers.

Enzymes are A) catalysts. B) structural material. C) genetic material. D) nucleic acids.

A) catalysts.

A bottle of rum is labelled as "80 proof." The percentage of ethanol by volume in this alcoholic beverage is A) 8%. B) 40%. C) 80%. D) 160%.

B) 40%.

The compound with the formula, CHCl3, was used as an anesthetic in earlier times, but has been found to have some serious side effects. The compound is called A) methyl chloride. B) methylene chloride. C) chloroform. D) carbon tetrachloride.

C) chloroform.

Glycerol is an alcohol with ________ hydroxyl groups A) one B) two C) three D) four

C) three

The first organic compound to be synthesized in a chemist's laboratory was A) cholesterol. B) chlorophyll. C) urea. D) benzene.

C) urea.

Diethyl ether is the most important of the ethers. It is an example of an ether with the general structure A) ROR. B) ROH. C) ROR'. D) R'OH.

A) ROR.

An organic compound is best defined as A) a compound containing carbon. B) a compound of carbon and hydrogen. C) a compound produced by a living organism. D) a compound that is NOT produced in a laboratory.

A) a compound containing carbon.

Acetylene is an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic compound.

C) alkyne.

This substance used as an analgesic was first isolated from willow bark. A) benzene B) acetic acid C) salicylic acid D) ethanol

C) salicylic acid

In representing the general formula of various functional groups, the symbol R stands for A) a halogen atom. B) a ring. C) an aromatic group. D) an alkyl group.

D) an alkyl group.

The information in DNA and RNA is carried by the A) phosphate bonds. B) sugar molecules. C) length of the nucleic acid chain. D) base sequence.

D) base sequence.

The most unique property of carbon is its ability to A) form four bonds. B) bond to oxygen. C) bond to nitrogen. D) bond to carbon.

D) bond to carbon.

What functional group(s) are contained in an amino acid? A) -NH2 B) -C=O C) -COOH D) both -NH2 and -COOH

D) both -NH2 and -COOH

What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

D) butane

The functional group of the organic acids is the A) hydroxyl group. B) amine group. C) carbonyl group. D) carboxyl group.

D) carboxyl group.

When carbon tetrachloride reacts with hot water it produces phosgene (COCl2). Phosgene was used in poison-gas warfare in World War I. Based upon this chemistry, carbon tetrachloride is no longer used in A) fire extinguishers. B) anesthetics. C) chemical reactions. D) toilet bowl cleaners.

A) fire extinguishers.

Cell nutrients and waste must pass through the cell A) membrane. B) nucleus. C) ribosomes. D) chloroplasts.

A) membrane.

The ________ structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary

A) primary

An example of a disaccharide is A) sucrose. B) galactose. C) dextrose. D) fructose.

A) sucrose.

Approximately what percentage of known compounds are classified as organic compounds? A) ≈ 95% B) ≈70% C) ≈40% D) ≈ 20%

A) ≈ 95%

What is the percent alcohol by volume in a beverage that is 36 proof? A) 3.6% B) 18% C) 36% D) 72%

B) 18%

Which of the following involves a covalent bond? A) dispersion forces B) disulfide linkages C) hydrogen bonding D) salt bridges

B) disulfide linkages

Watson and Crick proposed that DNA exists as a(n) A) alpha helix. B) double helix. C) beta sheet. D) pleated sheet.

B) double helix.

Distillation of fermented grain "beer" yields 95% ethanol. What is the proof of this "grain alcohol?" A) 47.5 B) 95 C) 190 D) 200

C) 190

Human body cells have ________ chromosomes. A) 20 B) 23 C) 46 D) 53

C) 46

Which of the following serves as dietary fiber? A) starch B) galactose C) cellulose D) fructose

C) cellulose

What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

C) propane

The formula of methanol is A) COH. B) CHOH. C) CH2OH. D) CH3OH.

D) CH3OH.

What is a zwitterion? A) a compound that carries two positively charged atoms B) a compound that carries two negatively charged atoms C) a compound that carries either two positively charged atoms or two negatively charged atoms D) a compound that carries one positively charged atom and one negatively charged atom

D) a compound that carries one positively charged atom and one negatively charged atom

How is organic chemistry organized?

Organic chemistry is organized by the functional group of the molecule.

One of the primary ingredients in vinegar is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.

A) acetic acid.

The monomer unit in both starch and cellulose is ________. A) glucose B) galactose C) fructose D) sucrose

A) glucose

Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A) glucose B) starch C) sucrose D) lactose

A) glucose

Alcohols are characterized by which functional group? A) hydroxyl B) carboxyl C) halide D) ester

A) hydroxyl

In cells, primary energy production occurs in the A) mitochondria. B) nucleus. C) ribosomes. D) cell membrane.

A) mitochondria.

Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as A) homologs. B) isotopes. C) isomers. D) allotropes.

C) isomers.

Chloroplasts in plants convert A) light energy into heat energy. B) light energy into electrical energy. C) light energy into chemical energy. D) heat energy into chemical energy.

C) light energy into chemical energy.

The simplest alkane is A) monane. B) ethane. C) methane. D) propane.

C) methane.

The hydrocarbon that is used in torches along with oxygen to produce very hot flames for cutting and welding is A) ethylene. B) methane. C) propane. D) acetylene.

D) acetylene.

The substructures that distinguish plant and animal cells are A) ribosomes. B) nuclei. C) mitochondria. D) chloroplasts.

D) chloroplasts.

The sugar in the nucleotides of DNA is A) glucose. B) sucrose. C) ribose. D) deoxyribose.

D) deoxyribose.

What is the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell?

Plant cells can have vacuoles and cell walls, but plants always have chloroplasts.

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A) glucose B) fructose C) starch D) galactose

C) starch

Acetylene is A) CH4. B) C2H6. C) C2H4. D) C2H2.

D) C2H2.

An analgesic is a substance that acts as a(n) A) fever reducer. B) disinfectant. C) anesthetic. D) pain reliever.

D) pain reliever.

Why is a whole branch of chemistry dedicated to studying carbon?

There are so many compounds that contain carbon so a branch of chemistry specializes in it. There are also some unique properties of carbon like its ability to form chains and bond with itself which again lead to a large number of molecules.

Which substance causes fetal alcohol syndrome? A) CH3OH B) CH3CH2OH C) CH3CHOHCH3 D) CH3OCH3

B) CH3CH2OH

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the great variety of organic molecules? A) The ability of carbon to form chains B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds. C) Isomerism D) Carbon forms bonds with a variety of elements, including H, O, N, Cl and Br.

B) Carbon atoms can form more than four bonds.

Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is NOT correct? A) Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the human body. B) Essential amino acids cannot be incorporated into protein. C) Essential amino acids must be part of the diet. D) Some amino acids are essential for infants and children, but not for adults.

B) Essential amino acids cannot be incorporated into protein.

The element whose atoms have a unique ability to bond to each other and to other kinds of atoms is ________. A) sodium B) carbon C) sulfur D) nitrogen

B) carbon

Ethanol acts as a mild A) stimulant. B) depressant. C) hallucinogen. D) narcotic.

B) depressant.

Many of the flavors isolated from foods are A) carboxylic acids. B) esters. C) alcohols. D) ketones.

B) esters.

What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH3? A) methane B) ethane C) propane D) butane

B) ethane

The main ingredient in most antifreezes is A) ethanol. B) ethylene glycol. C) glycerol. D) gasoline.

B) ethylene glycol.

The simplest aldehyde is A) acetaldehyde. B) formaldehyde. C) benzaldehyde. D) unaldehyde.

B) formaldehyde.

Base pairing in DNA occurs through A) covalent bonds between complementary bases on nucleic acid chains. B) hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on nucleic acid chains. C) salt bonds between complementary bases on nucleic acid chains. D) an interaction that is not well understood.

B) hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on nucleic acid chains.

The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain A) only carbon and hydrogen. B) only single bonds. C) single and double bonds. D) single, double and triple bonds.

B) only single bonds.

Methanol is an important solvent. It is also an important starting material for the synthesis of other molecules. Most methanol today is obtained from the A) destructive distillation of wood. B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure. C) fermentation of corn. D) decomposition of animal waste.

B) reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure.

Alkanes are often called A) unsaturated hydrocarbons. B) saturated hydrocarbons. C) carbohydrates. D) saturated fats.

B) saturated hydrocarbons.

The parts of organic molecules that give compounds characteristic chemical and physical properties are known as A) alkyl groups. B) aromatic groups. C) functional groups. D) hydrocarbon groups.

C) functional groups.

Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as A) the chemistry of living systems B) the chemistry of substances produced by living systems C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon D) the chemistry of the non-metalic compounds

C) the chemistry of the compounds of carbon

The name carbohydrate reflects A) the ratio of carbon to hydrogen in the molecule. B) the ratio of carbonyl groups to total carbon content. C) the ratio of carbon to the combined ratio of "hydrogen to oxygen." D) the ratio of carbon to oxygen.

C) the ratio of carbon to the combined ratio of "hydrogen to oxygen."

Which of the following alkanes will have the highest boiling point? A) CH4 B) C3H8 C) C8H18 D) C20H42

D) C20H42

RNA is found primarily in the cell A) nucleus. B) ribosomes. C) mitochondria. D) RNA is found throughout the cell.

D) RNA is found throughout the cell.

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen is a(n) A) alcohol. B) carbohydrate. C) homolog. D) hydrocarbon.

D) hydrocarbon.

A phenol has a(n) ________ group attached to a benzene ring. A) amino B) carbonyl C) carboxyl D) hydroxyl

D) hydroxyl

Which of the following elements is NOT found in carbohydrates? A) carbon B) hydrogen C) oxygen D) nitrogen

D) nitrogen

Compounds with a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring are called A) alcohols. B) aromatic hydrocarbons. C) ethers. D) phenols.

D) phenols.

Which of the following bases is found in RNA but not in DNA? A) adenine B) cytosine C) guanine D) uracil

D) uracil

The general formula for a ketone is A) ROR'. B) RCOOH. C) RCOR'. D) RCOOR'.

C) RCOR'.

Esters are often used as A) anesthetics. B) disinfectants. C) fragrances. D) insecticides.

C) fragrances.

Unsaturated fats are often liquids called A) hydrogenated fats. B) oils. C) triglycerides. D) glycerol.

B) oils.

Vinegar is a solution of ________ in water. A) acetic acid B) butyric acid C) formic acid D) proprionic acid

A) acetic acid

Citronellol, C10H19OH, is a constituent of rose and germanium oils. It is used in perfumery. Chemically, citronellol is an A) alcohol. B) acid. C) alkane. D) amine.

A) alcohol.

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms is classified as an A) alkane. B) alkene. C) alkyne. D) aromatic.

A) alkane.

This substance is an ester of the phenol group of salicylic acid with acetic acid and is commonly called A) aspirin. B) Maalox. C) Milk of Magnesia. D) Tylenol.

A) aspirin.

Amino acids are multifunctional compounds that contain A) carboxyl and amine groups. B) carboxyl and amide groups. C) ester and amine groups. D) aldehyde and amide groups.

A) carboxyl and amine groups.

The intoxicating alcohol in "alcoholic" beverages is A) ethanol. B) methanol. C) propanol. D) a mixture of the above

A) ethanol.

DNA is found primarily in the cell A) nucleus. B) ribosomes. C) mitochondria. D) DNA is found throughout the cell.

A) nucleus.

CFCs have been widely used in A) refrigerators. B) pesticides. C) toasters. D) gasoline.

A) refrigerators.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as carbon tetrachloride CCl4, make good dry cleaning solvents because A) they dissolve in water. B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil. C) they are not liquids at room temperature. D) they cause no significant health problems.

B) they dissolve water insoluble stains, like grease and oil.

Which of the following statements about industrial grade ethanol and the ethanol used in alcoholic beverages is NOT correct? A) Industrial grade ethanol is made by reacting ethylene with water, while ethanol used in beverages is made by fermentation. B) Industrial grade ethanol carries no federal excise tax, while ethanol used in beverages is taxed. C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures. D) Noxious substances are added to industrial grade ethanol so it is not safe to drink.

C) Industrial grade ethanol and ethanol used in beverages have different molecular structures.

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, CH3OC(CH3)3) has been used as a gasoline additive. MTBE is an example of an ether with the general structure A) ROR. B) ROH. C) ROR'. D) R'OH.

C) ROR'.

Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of benzene are called ________ compounds. A) alkaloid B) acidic C) aromatic D) saturated

C) aromatic

The simplest carboxylic acid is commonly known as A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) propionic acid.

C) formic acid.

When a bee stings, one of the compounds it injects is A) acetic acid. B) butyric acid. C) formic acid. D) hydrochloric acid.

C) formic acid.