Mod 6 exam (final)

The greenhouse effect

is caused by gases such as carbon dioxide trapping heat in the earth's atmosphere.

When it comes to the carbon footprint, because of its required usage of land, ______ is the most costly food source.

beef

Which of the following technologies seeks to manipulate components of the environment to bring about positive change?

Geoengineering

Which of the following is an example of an alternative energy that uses renewable resources?

Geothermal energy

Sunlight consists of a wave and a particle. The particle is also known as a(an)

photon

How does climate change affect earth's oceans?

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce _____.

CO2

Which of the following describes a disadvantage of nuclear energy, especially compared to other alternative energy sources?

Nuclear energy is not always safe because of the radioactivity involved

Climate change influences individuals and species by

all choices are correct

Because fossil fuels are the remains of once living organisms, they contain reservoirs of ______ that are released into the atmosphere when they are burned.

carbon

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO2, and cellular respiration ______ atmospheric CO2.

consumes; produces

According to the evidence of climate change, there has been an overall ______ in ocean and land temperature, and an overall ______ in ice formations.

increase; decrease

Why is solar energy considered to be a better option in mitigating climate change?

it releases far less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere compared to burning fossil fuels

Which of the following have scientists shown to be the link between climate change and the survival rate of invasive species?

the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions

Climate can best be described as

the average weather patterns in a given area over long periods of time.

Which of the following diets would contribute to the lowest carbon footprint?

Vegan

How do greenhouse gases cause climate warming?

Greenhouse gases prevent radiation of infrared energy back into space, trapping the heat near the earth's surface and causing the climate to warm.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between climate change and global warming?

The increase in temperature is one aspect of climate change and can result in the increased temperature of the planet, which is known as global warming.

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions?

The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

The decrease in the ocean's pH is called ocean acidification. What impact has this had on shellfish?

Their shells are weak due to the lack of calcification.

Hemlock trees support life of other organisms. Climate change has increased the rate of infection of Hemlocks with woolly adelgid. These kill the trees which decrease the habitat of animals and other insects. This is an example of how climate change impacts the

community level

Place the following levels of biological organization in order, with the smallest, least inclusive level first.

1-Species 2-population 3-community 4-ecosystem 5-biosphere

What two products of the light reaction are used in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks?

All choices are correct

Methane

All choices are correct

The carbon cycle includes

All choices are correct

Which of the following is evidence that weather patterns have changed because of climate change?

All of the answer choices are correct.

How do invasive species impact ecosystems?

All of the choices are correct

As climate change continues, the prevalence of vector-borne disease has increased. Why is this?

As climates have warmed and winters have become less severe, the range of mosquitos and ticks has increased, bringing with them the diseases they carry

If a scientist was studying methods to reduce the heating of earth by reducing the amount of solar heat from being trapped in greenhouse gases, this scientist would be studying

Solar radiation management

Evolution is a natural process that occurs over time. Evolution has been disrupted by climate change because the changes are occuring at such a rapid rate,

species are not able to adapt to the changes fast enough

Fossil fuels play a role in the carbon cycle

All choices are correct

Which of the following produces the greatest amount of carbon emissions and has the greatest impact on the human carbon footprint?

Driving cars powered by gasoline

Agricultural crops are being genetically engineered to be more tolerant of climate change. Which of the following describes a change that would help crops be more tolerant of climate change?

Engineer crops to withstand extremely hot temperatures

Which of the following is the most likely cause for the sudden sharp increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?

Human activities, including the use of fossil fuels, changes in agricultural practices, and deforestation

In what way is new technologies beneficial as we work to mitigate climate change?

Many technologies have the potential to reduce the impacts of the greenhouse effect and prevent climate change from getting any worse.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

Methane and carbon dioxide

What is the main difference in the formation of coal vs. the formation of natural gas and oil?

Natural gas and oil formed mainly from deposits of plants and animals living in oceans and coal formed mainly from the remains of plants and animals in swampy anoxic environments.

Which of the following sources of alternative energy involves using uranium or other materials to split the nucleus of an atom?

Nuclear energy

Which of the following acts as a source of carbon dioxide within the carbon cycle?

Respiration from humans and animals

Which of the following would fall under the definition of an alternative energy?

Solar

Which of the following processes contributes the greatest amount of CO2 to the atmosphere?

The burning of fossil fuels

According to this figure, Arctic Sea ice is _____ on average.

decreasing in volume

A(An) ______ represents the interactions of biological communities and the abiotic factors within the inhabited location.

ecosystem

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen?

glaciers and snow coverage decrease

Photosynthesis takes carbon in from the atmosphere and uses it to form ______, the energy source for all plants and animals to use in cellular respiration.

glucose

If the downward slope of the line continues, what would be the expected sea ice volume in 2020?

A little over 13.5 millions of square kilometers

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis?

The visible spectrum of light

The measure of the impact on climate change by a person or a company is known as their

carbon footprint

_____ is a product of photosynthesis and is a carbon-based molecule that is the chief source of energy for most organisms.

glucose

Since the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in the levels of atmospheric CO2 as a result of

increased human activity.

Over the past several decades, the overall trend for earth's temperatures has been

increases in overall global temperatures at an accelerating rate, a phenomenon known as global warming.