MODERN BIO CH 1
Rank the steps of the generalized scientific method in order. first at top to last at bottom.
1. observe and ask questions about something in natural world 2. create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions 3. carry out experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data 4. analyze your data and draw conclusions
What domain is characterized by having unicellular and multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?
Eukarya
Animalia
Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion
Fungi
Heterotrophs; obtains food by external digestion
What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
Molecule that encodes genetic instructions
Plantae
Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms
Emergent Properties
New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the smaller components of an organism interact
Standardized Variable
Parameter of the experiment that is help constant
Taxonomy
The science of naming and classifying organisms
Protista
Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms
A(n) ____ is an inherited characteristic or behavior which enables an individual to survive better than w/o the inherited characteristic.
adaptation
Experimentation
administering chemicals from tobacco to cells and recording results test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
What describes a community?
all the populations of different species that live in an area
Both Darwin and Wallace predicted that because a species of orchid on Madagascar had unusually deep nectar tubes, there must be
an insect pollinator with a long tongue to reach the nectar
A scientist who is unaware of his or her biases might be slow to accept ____.
an unexpected result
Which types of data and characteristics can scientists use to help compare evolutionary relationships between organisms?
anatomical feat biochemical aspects cellular attributes genetic characteristics
Rank the following levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom.
atom molecule organelle cell tissue organ
Particles that make up molecules are called
atoms
Producer
autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources
All of the following are Domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life
bacteria eukarya archaea
The ____ includes all parts of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.
biosphere
Discovery Science
carefully observing animals in nature w/o manipulation to them or their setting studying trends in diseases to reveal that the incidence of diabetes in correlated with incidence of obesity
A living thing or organism, exhibits certain properties of life and is composed of one or more ____, the basic units of life.
cells
Evolution
changes in genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations
Scientists decide if their data supports or rejects the hypothesis after
data is collected and analyzed
What process describes the cell division and growth of specialized tissues that produces a multicellular organism from a single, fertilized egg?
development
A(n) ____ study occurs when neither the researchers nor participants know which experimental groups are given the placebo or the true treatment to be tested.
double-blind
All are established scientific ideas that were later revised due to technological inventions and new data analysis methods.
earth is flat all organisms are either plants or animals earth is the center of the universe
What biological level includes the living and nonliving components of a particular area?
ecosystem
All of the following are characteristics of a scientific theory.
falsifiable widely accepted and supported explains many observations testable
The complex properties seen in living things are evidence that biological structure is closely tied to
function
Each type of organism is assigned a unique, two-part scientific name, which consists of the ____ of the organism
genus and specific descriptor
Control Group
group that receives a placebo or no treatment
Tissues
groups of specialized cells that function together
Consumer
heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms
Decomposer
heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from wastes and dead organisms
Using a process called ____, living organisms maintain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.
homeostasis
An experiment collects data to support or reject a(n)
hypothesis
Placebo
inert treatment given to the control group
Examples of characteristics in organisms that make them well-suited to their environment
insect is shaped like the leaf of the tree it lives on beavers have large front teeth that are good at gnawing on wood long beaks of hummingbird pollinators match the shape of tubular flowers
____ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution.
life
Independent Variable
manipulated portion of the experiment
The chemical reactions that occur within cells and allow organisms to build molecules and use energy for their activities are collectively called
metabolism
One limitation of scientific experiments is that the results can be ____ when an incorrect explanation of the results is proposed.
misinterpreted
The traits of individuals that have higher reproductive success in a particular environment become more common within a population due to
natural selection
Asexual Reproduction
offspring are virtually identical to each other genetic information comes from only one parent
A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is a(n) ____ of a plant.
organ
__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments with eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions; one example is chloroplast.
organelle
All characteristics of life
organization energy use maintenance of internal constancy (homeostasis) reproduction, growth and development evolution
Consider a species of frog that lives in many ponds throughout central California. A group of frogs in one of the ponds, NOT including the other species or organisms living there is an example of a(n)
population
Technology
practical application of scientific knowledge
What is one way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea?
presence of SNA sequence differences
Dependent Variable
response that an investigator measures
Natural ____ is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics.
selection
Cell
smallest unit that can be called life
After an experiment is completed, scientists determine if their results support their hypothesis by applying
statistical analyses
An Organ _____________ is composed of several organs that are connected and working together.
system
A theory is ___ , meaning it remains accepted but is potentially falsifiable if future tests or observations disprove it.
testable
Biologists would describe evolution as a
theory
Science and technology are often ____ because new advances in one may spawn new advances in the other.
tied together
What happens to a theory when future observations do not support its predictions?
weakens
The scientific definition of theory is "a ____," whereas the nonscientific definition of theory is "a ____."
well-tested explanation; guess