MODERN BIO CH 1

Rank the steps of the generalized scientific method in order. first at top to last at bottom.

1. observe and ask questions about something in natural world 2. create a hypothesis to explain your observations and make predictions 3. carry out experiment(s) to test the hypothesis and collect data 4. analyze your data and draw conclusions

What domain is characterized by having unicellular and multicellular organisms whose cells contain a nucleus?

Eukarya

Animalia

Heterotrophs; obtain food by ingestion

Fungi

Heterotrophs; obtains food by external digestion

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Molecule that encodes genetic instructions

Plantae

Multicellular; almost all are autotrophic organisms

Emergent Properties

New complex functions and characteristics that arise when the smaller components of an organism interact

Standardized Variable

Parameter of the experiment that is help constant

Taxonomy

The science of naming and classifying organisms

Protista

Unicellular and multicellular organisms; autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms

A(n) ____ is an inherited characteristic or behavior which enables an individual to survive better than w/o the inherited characteristic.

adaptation

Experimentation

administering chemicals from tobacco to cells and recording results test of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

What describes a community?

all the populations of different species that live in an area

Both Darwin and Wallace predicted that because a species of orchid on Madagascar had unusually deep nectar tubes, there must be

an insect pollinator with a long tongue to reach the nectar

A scientist who is unaware of his or her biases might be slow to accept ____.

an unexpected result

Which types of data and characteristics can scientists use to help compare evolutionary relationships between organisms?

anatomical feat biochemical aspects cellular attributes genetic characteristics

Rank the following levels of biological organization from smallest at the top to largest at the bottom.

atom molecule organelle cell tissue organ

Particles that make up molecules are called

atoms

Producer

autotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from nonliving sources

All of the following are Domain names in the taxonomic hierarchy of life

bacteria eukarya archaea

The ____ includes all parts of Earth and its atmosphere where life can survive.

biosphere

Discovery Science

carefully observing animals in nature w/o manipulation to them or their setting studying trends in diseases to reveal that the incidence of diabetes in correlated with incidence of obesity

A living thing or organism, exhibits certain properties of life and is composed of one or more ____, the basic units of life.

cells

Evolution

changes in genetic makeup of a population over multiple generations

Scientists decide if their data supports or rejects the hypothesis after

data is collected and analyzed

What process describes the cell division and growth of specialized tissues that produces a multicellular organism from a single, fertilized egg?

development

A(n) ____ study occurs when neither the researchers nor participants know which experimental groups are given the placebo or the true treatment to be tested.

double-blind

All are established scientific ideas that were later revised due to technological inventions and new data analysis methods.

earth is flat all organisms are either plants or animals earth is the center of the universe

What biological level includes the living and nonliving components of a particular area?

ecosystem

All of the following are characteristics of a scientific theory.

falsifiable widely accepted and supported explains many observations testable

The complex properties seen in living things are evidence that biological structure is closely tied to

function

Each type of organism is assigned a unique, two-part scientific name, which consists of the ____ of the organism

genus and specific descriptor

Control Group

group that receives a placebo or no treatment

Tissues

groups of specialized cells that function together

Consumer

heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients by eating other organisms

Decomposer

heterotroph that obtains energy and nutrients from wastes and dead organisms

Using a process called ____, living organisms maintain a state of internal constancy or equilibrium, such as a constant range of temperatures, nutrients, or water.

homeostasis

An experiment collects data to support or reject a(n)

hypothesis

Placebo

inert treatment given to the control group

Examples of characteristics in organisms that make them well-suited to their environment

insect is shaped like the leaf of the tree it lives on beavers have large front teeth that are good at gnawing on wood long beaks of hummingbird pollinators match the shape of tubular flowers

____ is characterized by cellular organization, energy requirements, homeostasis, reproduction, growth, development, and evolution.

life

Independent Variable

manipulated portion of the experiment

The chemical reactions that occur within cells and allow organisms to build molecules and use energy for their activities are collectively called

metabolism

One limitation of scientific experiments is that the results can be ____ when an incorrect explanation of the results is proposed.

misinterpreted

The traits of individuals that have higher reproductive success in a particular environment become more common within a population due to

natural selection

Asexual Reproduction

offspring are virtually identical to each other genetic information comes from only one parent

A leaf is composed of several tissues organized to work together and is a(n) ____ of a plant.

organ

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments with eukaryotic cells that carry out specialized functions; one example is chloroplast.

organelle

All characteristics of life

organization energy use maintenance of internal constancy (homeostasis) reproduction, growth and development evolution

Consider a species of frog that lives in many ponds throughout central California. A group of frogs in one of the ponds, NOT including the other species or organisms living there is an example of a(n)

population

Technology

practical application of scientific knowledge

What is one way that organisms in the domain Bacteria differ from organisms in the domain Archaea?

presence of SNA sequence differences

Dependent Variable

response that an investigator measures

Natural ____ is a mechanism of evolution in which certain individuals from a population exhibit enhanced reproductive success based on inherited characteristics.

selection

Cell

smallest unit that can be called life

After an experiment is completed, scientists determine if their results support their hypothesis by applying

statistical analyses

An Organ _____________ is composed of several organs that are connected and working together.

system

A theory is ___ , meaning it remains accepted but is potentially falsifiable if future tests or observations disprove it.

testable

Biologists would describe evolution as a

theory

Science and technology are often ____ because new advances in one may spawn new advances in the other.

tied together

What happens to a theory when future observations do not support its predictions?

weakens

The scientific definition of theory is "a ____," whereas the nonscientific definition of theory is "a ____."

well-tested explanation; guess