module 14

Samantha and Gebriel take their son to Sea World. When they asked him two years later if he remembered going he answered no. Their son was probably what age at the time of the trip?

2.5 years of age

When does the brain cortex peak at producing neurons during prenatal development?

28 weeks

This famous experiment involving rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers was conducted by:

Harry and Margaret Harlow.

The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by _____ and his cognitive development theory.

Piaget

Imagine that 10-year-old children were shown photographs of 3-year-old preschoolers and asked to spot former classmates. What were the probable results?

They forgot all their classmates.

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This BEST illustrates the process of:

accommodation

Piaget gave the name _____ to the ability to change one's mental frameworks on the basis of new information and experiences.

accommodation

Maura and Trish are eighth graders who have been caught smoking. Maura's parents yell at her, ground her for a month, and take away her television and Internet privileges for two months. Trish's parents talk to her about their disappointment and concern; additionally, they make her spend every afternoon for a week at the library researching the dangers of smoking and discussing her findings with them each night at dinner. With respect to Baumrind's parenting styles, Maura's parents are MOST likely _____ and Trish's are MOST likely _____.

authoritarian; authoritative

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks a concept of _____.

conservation

Babies should be put to sleep on their backs to prevent:

crib death

In one study described in the textbook, infants with difficult temperaments were randomly assigned to either a condition in which their mothers received sensitivity training or a condition in which their mothers received no training. In this study, infants whose mothers received sensitivity training were in the _____ group.

experimental

Ten-year-old Janelle is sad. She is crying. Her older brother looks at her and then continues watching television. He may be showing signs of:

impaired theory of mind.

the biological growth process, called ________, explains why most children begin walking by about 12 to 15 months

maturation

Nature is to nurture as _____ is to _____.

maturation; experience

Which description is matched with the correct parenting style?

responsive, demanding — authoritative

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow was interested in which of the mothers the infant monkeys would seek out when they were startled or frightened. In these studies the dependent variable was the:

surrogate that the infant monkey preferred when it was startled.

Mary's inability to toilet train her 10-month-old infant is MOST likely due to:

the lack of necessary maturation.

Based on Harlow's research with monkeys, what is the MOST helpful thing a person can do for a frightened infant or child?

touch or hold her

Marcus is the son of a teenage mother. She could not handle taking care of him and put him up for adoption when he was 4 weeks old. Marcus was adopted by a family that loves and cares for him. It is MOST likely that Marcus will:

become a normal adult with average intelligence.

Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of:

conservation.