Module 3

A. steroid hormone B. amino acid-derived hormone C. hypothalamus D. peptide hormone E. anterior pituitary F. posterior pituitary cannot be stored in secretory vesicles storage and release site for oxytocin true endocrine gland of epithelial origin derivatives of tyrosine site of vasopressin synthesis lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface

A. cannot be stored in secretory vesicles F. storage and release site for oxytocin E. true endocrine gland of epithelial origin B. derivatives of tyrosine C. site of vasopressin synthesis D. lipophobic molecule that interacts with receptors on cell surface

The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH. B) MSH C) ACTH D) ADH (Vasopressin). E) TSH

D) ADH (Vasopressin). **Posterior pituitary: oxytocin, vasopressin (ADH) **Anterior pituitary: prolactin, GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH

Which of the following is NOT a method of hormone action? A) control of electrical signaling pathways B) control of ion or molecule transport across cell membranes C) control of enzymatic reaction rates D) All are methods of hormone action. E) control of gene expression and protein synthesis

D) All are methods of hormone action.

The majority of hormones in the body are A) neurohormones. B) amino acid-derived hormones. C) All of the hormones are present in equal amounts in the body. D) peptide hormones. E) steroid hormones.

D) peptide hormones.

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is A) FSH B) LH C) TSH D) STH E) ACTH

E) ACTH ** hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway The HPA pathway begins with hypothalamic-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which is secreted into the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system and transported to the anterior pituitary. CRH stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin) from the anterior pituitary. ACTH in turn acts on the adrenal cortex to promote synthesis and release of cortisol. Cortisol then acts as a negative feedback signal, inhibiting ACTH and CRH secretion.

The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) cAMP. B) cAMP. C) adenylyl cyclase. D) calcium. E) a G protein.

E) a G protein.

When stimulated by a particular hormone, there is a marked increase in the activity of G proteins in the membrane. The hormone is probably A) estrogen. B) a steroid. C) aldosterone. D) testosterone. E) a peptide.

E) a peptide.

Synergism occurs when A) one hormone inhibits the release of a second hormone. B) hormones working together produce a smaller effect than predicted. C) one hormone triggers the secretion of a second hormone. D) a hormone can exert its full effects only in the presence of another hormone. E) hormones working together produce a larger effect than predicted.

E) hormones working together produce a larger effect than predicted.

Match each hormone with its primary source. A. melatonin B. insulin C. epinephrine D. prolactin E. aldosterone F. calcitonin adrenal cortex pineal pancreas thyroid anterior pituitary adrenal medulla

E. adrenal cortex- aldosterone, cortisol, androgen A. pineal- melatonin B. pancreas- insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide F. thyroid- calcitonin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine D. anterior pituitary- prolactin, GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH C. adrenal medulla- epinephrine, norepinephrine **hypothalamus- trophic hormones posterior pituitary- oxytocin, vasopressin (ADH) parathyroid gland- parathyroid hormone thymus gland- thymosin, thymopoietin heart- atrial natriuretic peptide liver- angiotensinogen, insulin-like growth factors stomach/small intestine- gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, etc kidney- erythropoietin, calciferol skin- vitamin D3 testes- androgen, inhibin ovaries- estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, relaxin (pregnancy) adipose tissues- leptin, adiponectin, resistin placenta- estrogen, progesterone, chorionic somatomammotropin, chorionic gonadotropin