Module 5.1
which neurons are active
According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.
relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.
opponent-process theory
After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding?
trichromatic; opponent process
At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best.
ganglion cells
Bipolar cells send their messages to ____, which are located close to the center of the eye.
retinex
Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the ____ theory of color vision.
red; green
Difficulty distinguishing between ____ and ____ is the most common form of color vision deficiency.
sensitive to detail
In comparison to the rods, cones are more ____.
receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
all-trans-retinal
Light energy converts 11-cis-retinal to ____.
the periphery; the fovea
Rods are to ____ as cones are to ____.
every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light
The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.
long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment
The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to ____.
blind spot
The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the ____.
ganglion cells
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
cones only
Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?
More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell.
Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?
It has tightly packed receptors.
Why does the fovea provide the clearest, most detailed visual information?
Photopigments
____ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.
Opsins; photopigments
____ modify the ____ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.