Module 5.1

which neurons are active

According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.​

relative activity of short, medium, and long wavelengths

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, the most important factor in determining the color we see is the ____.​

opponent-process theory

After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding?​

​trichromatic; opponent process

At the level of rods and cones, the ____ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells, the ____ theory seems to fit best.​

​ganglion cells

Bipolar cells send their messages to ____, which are located close to the center of the eye.​

retinex

Color and brightness constancy are best explained by the ____ theory of color vision.​

red; green

Difficulty distinguishing between ____ and ____ is the most common form of color vision deficiency.​

sensitive to detail

In comparison to the rods, cones are more ____.​

receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

In what order does visual information pass through the retina?​

all-trans-retinal

Light energy converts 11-cis-retinal to ____.

the periphery; the fovea

Rods are to ____ as cones are to ____.​

every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light

The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.​

​long- and medium-wavelength cones making the same photopigment

The most common form of color vision deficiency is due to ____.​

blind spot

The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the ____.​

ganglion cells

The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?​

​cones only

Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?​

More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell.

Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye?​

​It has tightly packed receptors.

Why does the fovea provide the clearest, most detailed visual information?

Photopigments

____ are chemicals that release energy when struck by light.​

​Opsins; photopigments

____ modify the ____ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.