Module 8

Which of the following examples BEST illustrates the influence of Machiavellianism?

Jakayla lied and told her boss she contributed more than her team members to increase her chance of being promoted to the senior project lead position.

Which of the following examples BEST illustrates a high degree of risk propensity?

Jonas "borrows" $500 from petty cash and uses the money to buy lottery tickets in hopes of being able to pay back his colleague.

Which of the following methods of increasing job satisfaction describes work sharing?

Two workers do the same job but split the hours between them as if it were one full-time job.

Which of the following methods of increasing job satisfaction means that two workers do the same job but split the hours between them as if it were one full-time job?

Work sharing

Yusef never misses work, always puts in extra effort, and produces great work, but he nonetheless believes he is undeserving of the promotion his was given. Yusef has _______.

a low level of self-esteem

Personality is _______.

a set of psychological attributes that makes an individual unique

Josie calls in sick to work because she has a case of strep throat. This is an example of legitimate _______.

absenteeism

A manager who believes in _______ will provide some type of reward to employees who exhibit behaviors that she wants to see.

positive reinforcement

Rather than lose Garrett to the competition when his wife was transferred out east, Garrett's firm offered him the option of _______, which enabled him to stay at his current job but work at home from his new location.

telecommuting

Parker knows that if he keeps an eye on his employees by periodically walking around the production floor, he can increase their productivity through what's known as _______.

the Hawthorne effect

Which of the following statements about job satisfaction is FALSE?

Employees who experience high levels of job satisfaction at their organization will be more productive.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about job satisfaction?

Employees who have a greater level of organizational commitment will likely overlook minor areas of dissatisfaction with their jobs.

Which of the following is the theory of motivation that states that people evaluate their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others?

Equity theory

Which of the following examples BEST illustrates the need for achievement?

Evan continually looks for new and better methods for doing his work.

Which of the following describes positive reinforcement?

A reward given to employees who exhibit desired behaviors

With regard to two-factor theory, which of the following combinations matches the presence of both required factors?

Advancement and working conditions

Lyle observed his coworker making snide and sarcastic comments about other employees, which he doesn't feel is right. Lyle's _______ about his coworker's behavior is negative.

Attitude

Which of the following is one of the "big five" personality traits?

Conscientiousness

Which of the following scenarios BEST explains motivation?

Cecil works diligently in order to maximize his productivity due to a set of forces that causes him to behave in this manner.

Curtis isn't particularly passionate about his job, but he performs well because he wants to get a raise. Which of the following explains Curtis's motivation?

Classical theory of motivation

Which theory states that employees are motivated by money?

Classical theory of motivation

________ refers to the extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills.

Emotional intelligence

Daria and her coworkers are being challenged to get 10 new credit card applications in one afternoon, for which they can earn a $25 bonus. Daria doesn't bother customers with the applications because she doesn't believe the goal is possible. Which of the following explains why Daria doesn't try?

Expectancy theory

Which of the following lets employees come in at 7:30 a.m. or 8:30 a.m. as long as they put in their entire 8-hour day?

Flextime

Which of the following explanations BEST describes motivation as proposed by Theory Y?

Individuals are self-motivated, work hard, and learn continuously.

_______ is a person's beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people that guide his or her behavior.

Intention

With regard to two-factor theory, which of the following combinations matches the presence of both required factors?

Interpersonal relations and recognition

________ is the extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real effect on what happens to them.

Locus of control

Kyle is ambitious and he often claims the work of his coworkers as his own to get ahead at work. Which personality trait is responsible for influencing Kyle's behavior?

Machiavellianism

Which of the following is the term for the theory of motivation describing five levels of human needs and arguing that basic needs must be fulfilled before people work to satisfy higher-level needs?

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs model

Which of the following could a manager use to assess dimensions of personality such as sensing or judging?

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Which of the following is an example of employee behavior?

Organizational citizenship

________ is defined as the behavior of individuals who make a positive overall contribution to the organization.

Organizational citizenship

Which of the following is an example of the Hawthorne effect?

Parker's employees are more productive because he pays close attention to them.

Which of the following grants employees the authority to take greater responsibility for their own performance in order to increase job satisfaction?

Participative management and empowerment

Which of the following is a belief of Theory X managers?

People are naturally lazy and uncooperative.

_______ is the extent to which the contributions an individual makes to an organization matches that organization's inducements.

Person-job fit

What are the two basic categories of individual differences?

Personality and attitudes

Which of the following big five personality descriptions best defines someone who demonstrates agreeableness?

Someone who is gentle, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and good-natured in dealing with others

Which of the following best defines cognitive dissonance?

The conflict and anxiety experienced by an individual when two sets of cognitions or perceptions are contradictory or incongruent

What is the meaning of person-job fit?

The extent to which the contributions an individual makes to an organization matches that organization's inducements

Which of the following best defines equity theory?

The theory of motivation holding that people evaluate their treatment by the organization relative to the treatment of others

What is the definition of performance behaviors?

The total set of work-related behaviors that an organization expects employees to display

Lee is a proponent of _______, as demonstrated by his faith in people to be self-motivated, to work hard, and to learn continuously.

Theory Y

A person's _______ is how they feel about something. It's similar to emotions, but less able to be controlled and more instinctive.

affect

The personality trait _______ is the extent to which a person believes that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems such as organizations.

authoritarianism

What you think you know about a person or subject is _______, and this knowledge may or may not be entirely accurate.

cognition

When two sets of cognitions or perceptions are contradictory or incongruent, a person experiences a level of conflict and anxiety called ________.

cognitive dissonance

As a wedding photographer, Andre relies on his social skills, particularly empathy, to deal successfully with stressed out brides and their families. His _______ is well-developed and suited to his career.

emotional intelligence

John has been drinking on the job causing his work to suffer, and lately has started stealing small items from the office. Both of these actions are examples of _______.

counterproductive behavior

According to the Myers-Briggs framework, _______ get their energy from being around other people, whereas introverts are worn out by others and need solitude to recharge their energy.

extroverts

According to the Myers-Briggs framework, the dimension of sensing versus _______ describes whether a person prefers concrete things or more abstract concepts.

intuition

To rectify a situation of high turnover caused by a number of dissatisfied employees leaving the firm, managers could implement a(n) _______ program, which would give employees more incentive to stay by adding motivating factors to their daily activities.

job enrichment

Cain has pushed for _______ at the factory where he works because he knows that adding variety to what workers do can positively impact motivation.

job redesign

An employee and manager who work together to set up and measure individual performance goals that contribute to organizational goals are demonstrating _______.

management by objectives

According to the classical theory of motivation, workers are motivated solely by ________.

money

Ron always wants to know how many successful sales calls he's made at the end of each day. He's constantly trying new methods and processes in order to figure out what will be most successful. Ron is motivated by a high _______.

need for achievement

Phil didn't join the office bowling team, and he rarely attends the monthly birthday celebrations for his coworkers. In fact, Phil is planning to ask his manager about the possibility of telecommuting. Given this information, Phil MOST likely has a low _______.

need for affiliation

Politicians are a group of people with a strong _______. They often have previous careers in finance or law where they could control money or information.

need for power

An employee who has a long history with the company demonstrates _______.

organizational commitment

Employees' expectations of their contributions and organizations' expectations of inducements constitute _______.

psychological contracts

Sandra is already on probation for being habitually late to work, so her manager fires her. Sandra's termination is an example of _______.

punishment

Extraversion refers to a person's comfort level with ________.

relationships

During the interview she was conducting, Lexie got a strong sense about the candidate's _______, as demonstrated by the candidate's confidence in his abilities to accomplish the necessary tasks as Lexie explained them.

self-efficacy

Joe is the "new guy," but he quickly catches on as to what behavior is acceptable and what is not by watching others and then changing his behavior accordingly, a practice known as _______.

social learning

When a firm's employees have limited motivation and low job satisfaction, _______ is likely to be high.

turnover