Module 8 & 9

Question refers to the excerpt below. "To the alarm of conservatives, during the 1970s the sexual revolution passed from the counterculture into the social mainstream. The number of divorces soared, reaching more than 1 million in 1975, double the number ten years earlier. The age at which both men and women married rose dramatically."—Eric Foner, historian, from Give Me Liberty! An American History 2014 How did feminism begin to alter American social attitudes, as related to this excerpt? (5 points)

It started to remove the negative stigma associated with divorce.

What did the Great Recession reveal about Americans' social safety net? (5 points)

It was much more limited than those of other countries and less able to meet the demands of economic crisis.

How was the election of President Barack Obama revolutionary? (5 points)

It was the first campaign conducted and even financed through social media.

What is significant about the Stonewall raid in 1969 to the "gay liberation" movement? (5 points)

It was the first time that homosexuals fought against police discrimination.

Question refers to the image below. © 2015 The Associated Press Which of the following social changes does this 2007 photograph of an American family reflect? (5 points)

Growing acceptance of interracial marriage

Question refers to the chart below. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics Which of the following issues in the 1970s, reflected in this chart, helped lead to the return of conservatism in American politics? (5 points)

Inflation

Question refers to the graph below. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau How does migration relate to the trend shown in the graph? (5 points)

International migration to the Sun Belt started to grow the population of those areas at a faster rate than other regions.

How did the Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia reflect a change in American social attitudes? (5 points)

Interracial marriage was becoming more acceptable, at least in the eyes of the law.

Question refers to the image below. Why did the United States get involved in the conflicts in the Koreas and Vietnam? (5 points)

Involvement was an extension of the containment policy against Communism.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "A few months ago, I told the American people I did not trade arms for hostages. My heart and my best intentions still tell me that's true, but the facts and evidence tell me it is not."—President Reagan, in a national address, 1987 What was the event that forced President Reagan to make this address? (5 points)

Iran-Contra affair

What is the significance of the Truman Doctrine to the Cold War? (5 points)

It committed the public to containment as a defense of freedom.

Question refers to the image below. © Norton 2014 What problem in the U.S. financial system in the 1990s does this cartoon reflect? (5 points)

Risky and often fraudulent banking practices

Which of the following is a true statement about the effects of terrorism on U.S. immigration? (5 points)

It grew stricter in response to fear of terrorists within the domestic borders.

How has federal legislation since the 1980s reflected American concerns about potential negative effects of international migration? (5 points)

It has created penalties for those employing illegal immigrants.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "This bill says simply that from this day forth those wishing to immigrate to America shall be admitted on the basis of their skills and their close relationship to those already here ... The fairness of this standard is so self-evident that we may well wonder that it has not always been applied ... [The previous system] has been un-American in the highest sense, because it has been untrue to the faith that brought thousands to these shores even before we were a country."—President Lyndon B. Johnson, from his Remarks at the Signing of the Immigration Bill, Liberty Island, New York, October 3, 1965 How did the change described in the excerpt directly affect postwar America? (5 points)

It increased international migration.

Question refers to the image below. © Keystone / Hulton Archive / Getty Images / Universal Images Group / Image Quest 2012 How did the announcement shown in this image affect the United States? (5 points)

It increased the buildup of weapons as part of national security, but this would later lead to public fear of nuclear war.

Which of the following makes a true statement about the role of the United States in global human rights policy? (5 points)

It is a leader in international organizations and peacekeeping missions. However, it has faced foreign criticism for its treatment of terror suspects.

How did OPEC affect the United States in the 1970s? (5 points)

It placed an embargo on oil, driving up prices for gasoline and other related products in the United States.

How did the War Powers Act in 1973 limit executive power? (5 points)

It required the president to obtain Congress's approval for certain acts of war.

Which of the following issues led to protests across college and university campuses in the early years of Nixon's administration? (5 points)

The Vietnam conflict

Question refers to the excerpt below. "I do not agree that the petitioner's (UC of Davis) admissions program violates the Constitution because ... I do not believe that anyone can truly look into America's past and still find that a remedy for the effects of the past is impermissible."—Justice Marshall, from the Dissenting Opinion in University of California v. Bakke How does this excerpt reveal a continued clash between conservative and liberal ideology in the courts? (5 points)

The writer disagrees with the majority ruling that the defendant was a victim of reverse discrimination.

Question refers to the image below. Library of Congress [Unprocessed in PR 13 CN 2007:109.03 [item] [P&P]] What argument about the environment does the artist express through the cartoon? (5 points)

There are environmental problems needing attention that affect all life on Earth.

Following the 1960s, what did neoconservatives believe had happened to the nation's sense of morals? (5 points)

They had deteriorated.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Serve the people at the bottom. The people at the top don't need your help!"—Yuri Kochiyama, activist What did Asian American activists have in common with homosexual activists? (5 points)

They had to first generate a common identity among related but different groups.

How did conservatives in the postwar era contribute to the growth of the Sun Belt? (5 points)

They promoted lower taxes and regulation.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"—President Ronald Reagan, speech at the Brandenburg Gate, 1987 What was Reagan's intention when giving this speech? (5 points)

To reduce Soviet control in Eastern Europe

How were gender roles being challenged in the 1960s and 1970s? (5 points)

Women were expected to be submissive housewives, but the divorce rate was increasing.

The Reagan Doctrine assumed that political instability, especially in the third world, resulted from (5 points)

influence of the Soviet Union

President Reagan opposed Communism so strongly that he (5 points)

provided support to undemocratic foreign groups that also opposed Communism

Reagan's economic program, known as "supply-side economics" relied on (5 points)

tax cuts and high interest rates

Question refers to the excerpt below. In a world of polarized power, the policies designed to develop a healthy international community are more than ever necessary to our own strength. As for the policy of "containment," it is one which seeks by all means short of war to (1) block further expansion of Soviet power, (2) expose the falsities of Soviet pretensions, (3) induce a retraction of the Kremlin's control and influence, and (4) in general, so foster the seeds of destruction within the Soviet system that the Kremlin is brought at least to the point of modifying its behavior to conform to generally accepted international standards.—From NSC-68, 1950 Which of the following actions of the United States most directly resulted from the foreign policy as described in the excerpt? (5 points)

Aiding South Korea in the Korean War

Question refers to the table below. Average Age at First Marriage, United States Year 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Men 27.4 26.7 25.9 25.9 25.6 23.8 23.4 23.5 25.2 27.6 Women 23.1 23.6 22.5 22.3 22.7 20.8 20.321.5 23.3 25.4 Which of the following postwar trends is most related to the trend shown in this chart? (5 points)

Baby boom

Which trend has made it difficult for the federal government to continue supporting Great Society programs? (5 points)

A decrease in federal tax revenue

Question refers to the excerpt below. "[T]echnological advances encouraged suburbanization at the historical moment when many Sunbelt cities came of age. The rise of widespread automobile use after the 1920s enabled emergent cities to spatially disperse, transforming undeveloped land on the periphery, far from streetcar lines, into prime real estate. Cities that came of age after this point, as many Sunbelt cities did, felt the spatial impact of this new pattern of land conversion made possible by the automobile. Historians Eric Monkkonen and Kenneth Jackson rightly remind us, however, that we should avoid the trap of technological determinism—attributing causality to the technological change itself ... Technology may have facilitated the trend, but cultural proclivities and governmental policy were the more powerful causal agents."—Becky M. Nicolaides, from an article in OAH Magazine of History, 2003 What other technological development encouraged growth and migration to the Sun Belt in the postwar era? (5 points)

Air conditioning

Question refers to the excerpt below. "They were taught to pity the neurotic, unfeminine, unhappy women who wanted to be poets or physicists or presidents. They learned that truly feminine women do not want careers, higher education, political rights—the independence and the opportunities that the old-fashioned feminists fought for. Some women, in their forties and fifties, still remembered painfully giving up those dreams, but most of the younger women no longer even thought about them."—Betty Friedan, from The Feminine Mystique Which of the following developments was related to the ideas portrayed in the excerpt? (5 points)

Activists began to demand social and economic equality for women.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Barbie was the exemplar 'teenager' (a term first coined during the war years) who represented a 'teen culture' that rapidly proliferated in the postwar years due to rising prosperity, spreading suburbs, and expanding leisure time. As a representation of a middle-class suburban teen empowered with new purchasing power, Barbie's mini magazines, records, clothing, and accessories were versions of those that fueled the new teen market."—From "What Barbie Dolls Have to Say about Postwar American Culture" by Miriam Forman-Brunell, historian What development coincided with and supported the trend described in the excerpt? (5 points)

Advertising toward youth

How did Iran play a role in the early Cold War? (5 points)

Allied pressure caused the removal of Soviet troops, who had attempted to secure access to oil, from Iran.

Question refers to the image below. Eric Foner, historian, from Give Me Liberty! An American History 2014 How does the information in this graph relate to feminism? (5 points)

An increasing sense of economic and social independence is thought to have caused the average marriage age to rise.

Question refers to the image below. Public Domain Which of the following aspects of the Cold War does the chart best reflect? (5 points)

Arms race

Which of the following groups was seen as the "model minority" in recent decades, and why? (5 points)

Asian Americans, because they tended to seek higher education and had greater incomes

Which of the following best describes the postwar American culture? (5 points)

Behavior conformity to conservative norms was most valued, but many youth challenged the standards.

What did conservatives denounce as part of the problem eroding the economy and American family values? (5 points)

Big government

Question refers to the excerpt below. "The threats we face today as Americans respect no nation's borders. Think of them: terrorism, the spread of weapons of mass destruction, organized crime, drug trafficking, ethnic and religious hatred, aggression by rogue states, environmental degradation. If we fail to address these threats today, we will suffer the consequences in all our tomorrows."—President Clinton, 1996 Which of the following U.S. invasions was President Clinton justifying in this quote? (5 points)

Bosnia

Question refers to the excerpt below. "These efforts will cost money, a lot of money, and that is why Congress must enact the windfall profits tax without delay. It will be money well spent. Unlike the billions of dollars that we ship to foreign countries to pay for foreign oil, these funds will be paid by Americans to Americans. These funds will go to fight, not to increase, inflation and unemployment."—President Jimmy Carter, from a speech, 1979 How did President Carter's philosophy, as shown in this excerpt, contrast with that of President Reagan? (5 points)

Carter believed increasing taxes would fight inflation and unemployment.

What relationship existed between religion and the rise of conservative culture in the postwar era? (5 points)

Christian faith was promoted and viewed as a defense against Communism.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Americans saw a presidency disintegrate before their eyes, criminal conspiracies at the highest level of government and a president driven out of office."—Bill Schneider, journalist, from "Cynicism Didn't Start with Watergate," 1997 What was the effect of the events described in this excerpt? (5 points)

Decline in public trust for elected officials

How did the Equal Rights Amendment reveal a clash between conservative and liberal Americans? (5 points)

Congress passed it, but a strong anti-ERA movement arose that prevented its ratification by the states.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Between 1990 and 2010, 30 million Hispanics were added to the American population, representing half the nation's total growth. ... Indeed, the Hispanic presence transformed American life."—Eric Foner, historian Which of the following is evidence to support the argument made in the quote? (5 points)

Controversy over requiring people to speak English

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Energy will be the immediate test of our ability to unite this nation, and it can also be the standard around which we rally. On the battlefield of energy we can win for our nation a new confidence, and we can seize control again of our common destiny."—President Jimmy Carter, from a speech, 1979 President Carter's concern with energy is a reflection of what challenge in the 1970s? (5 points)

Dependence on foreign oil

Question refers to the graph below. Source: The People History Which of the following factors most directly contributed to the trend shown in this chart? (5 points)

Disagreements between the United States and OPEC

Before 1965, the majority of migrants to the United States came from which of the following areas? (5 points)

Europe

How did social unrest in the late 1960s most significantly contribute to a conservative backlash? (5 points)

Government was viewed as unable or unwilling to take control and set things right.

How did President Nixon directly promote liberal domestic policy during his presidency? (5 points)

He created the Environmental Protection Agency.

Which of the following is an example of President Bill Clinton's actions that illustrated his commitment to ending the "era of big government"? (5 points)

He replaced the old "welfare" program with one that included strict new requirements.

Which of the following was an effect of the postwar prosperity and policies such as the G.I. Bill? (5 points)

Increasing college enrollment

Question refers to the excerpt below. "We have been farm workers for hundreds of years and boycotters for two. We did not choose the grape boycott, but we had chosen to leave our peonage, poverty and despair behind. Though our first bid for freedom, the strike, was weakened, we would not turn back. The boycott was the only way forward the growers left to us."—Dolores Huerta, from the Proclamation of the Delano Grape Workers, 1969 What was the relationship between labor and civil rights for Latino Americans in the 1960s? (5 points)

Latino Americans saw the two issues as intertwined, as employer discrimination was the basis for significant civil rights issues.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "We read about the 'dream city for veterans' in Collier's magazine. It must have been late 1947 ... It talked about rolling hills ... no child would have to cross any major thoroughfares to get to school ... Immediately, we made plans to move into a planned community, we liked the idea very much of growing up with it, being a part of it, starting from scratch."—Anthony Scariano, resident of a planned community called Park Forest, 1947 What motivated people to migrate into suburbs in the postwar era? (5 points)

Lifestyle improvement

Question refers to the excerpt below. Table 27.1 Immigration to the United States, 1960−2010 Decade Total Europe Asia Western Hemisphere Other Areas 1961−1970 3,321,584 1,123,492 427,642 1,716,374 54,076 1971−1980 4,493,302 800,368 1,588,178 1,982,735 122,021 1981−1990 7,336,940 761,550 2,738,157 3,615,225 222,008 1991−2000 9,042,999 1,359,737 2,795,672 4,486,806 400,784 2001−2010 14,974,975 1,165,176 4,088,455 8,582,601 1,138,743 Source: Eric Foner, historian, fromGive Me Liberty! An American History2014 Which of the following is true about American identity in recent decades? (5 points)

Many Americans define the English language as a basic part of their identity.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "The Refugee Act reflects our long tradition as a haven for people uprooted by persecution and political turmoil. In recent years, the number of refugees has increased greatly. Their suffering touches all and challenges us to help them, often under difficult circumstances. The Refugee Act improves procedures and coordination to respond to the often massive and rapidly changing refugee problems that have developed recently. It establishes a new admissions policy that will permit fair and equitable treatment of refugees in the United States, regardless of their country of origin. It allows us to change annual admissions levels in response to conditions overseas, policy considerations, and resources available for resettlement."—President Jimmy Carter, 1980 Which of the following was an effect of the Refugee Act of 1980? (5 points)

Migration from Latin American countries soared.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "We believe that the history and development of America show that the Indian has been subjected to duress, undue influence, unwarranted pressures, and policies which have produced uncertainty, frustration, and despair ... What we ask of America is not charity, not paternalism, even when benevolent. We ask only that the nature of our situation be recognized and made the basis of policy and action."—From the "Declaration of Indian Purpose," 1961 What did the American Indian movement want from the U.S. government? (5 points)

More autonomy and control over tribal issues and lands

Which of the following is true about gender and/or family structure in recent decades? (5 points)

National character is more diverse, and multiculturalism is more accepted.

Which of the following reflect a period of detente in the Cold War? (5 points)

Nuclear disarmament talks

On March 20, 2003, the United States invaded Iraq to seek and capture nuclear and biological weapons of mass destruction. Which of the statements about Iraq's nuclear capabilities is true? (5 points)

Nuclear weapons inspectors found no evidence that Iraq had nuclear weapons before the U.S. invasion.

How did injustice contribute to the rise of Asian American activism? (5 points)

One of the goals of Asian American activists was to obtain redress for Japanese American internment in World War II.

Why did U.S. public protests against the Vietnam conflict escalate over time? (5 points)

People were growing less confident in a chance for American success.

Question refers to the image below. Public Domain How does this Dilbert cartoon panel from 2005 illustrate how computer and Internet technology has affected Americans' social lives? (5 points)

Personal privacy is a greater issue due to the easy connection and spread of information via networks.

Question refers to the excerpt below. "In particular, the legislation provides many new benefits, benefits like respite care and prescription drugs. Since these have never been covered by Medicare, we have no real way of knowing how much these services will cost ... The program, after all, is to be paid for by the elderly themselves. So, we must control the costs of these new benefits, or we'll harm the very people we're trying to help. And yet, if administered with prudence, this program can, as I said, provide countless Americans with peace of mind."—President Reagan, 1988 The expansion of Medicare directly contradicted which of President Reagan's political platforms? (5 points)

Reduction of government

Question refers to the excerpt below. "The reality is gas prices should be much more expensive than they are because we're not incorporating the true damage to the environment and the hidden costs of mining oil and transporting it to the U.S."—Elon Musk, entrepreneur and inventor in environmentally friendly technologies Which of the following movements in recent American history does this quote support? (5 points)

Reducing reliance on fossil fuels

Question refers to the quote below. "Corporations are social organizations, the theater in which men and women realize or fail to realize purposeful and productive lives."—Lester Bangs (1948−1982), American journalist Which of the following best explains the relationship between the quote and the postwar era? (5 points)

Some Americans criticized the values of the conservative consumer culture.

Why has the wording of the USA PATRIOT Act been revised since its creation? (5 points)

Some of the wording was vague and gave the government what some considered unconstitutional abilities to survey and detain people.

What did the United States accomplish during its War on Terror? (5 points)

Successfully removed brutal regimes from power in Iraq and Afghanistan

Question refers to the excerpt below. "Fifty years ago, at the end of World War II, an unchallenged America was protected by the oceans and by our technological superiority and, very frankly, by the economic devastation of the people who could otherwise have been our competitors. We chose then to try to help rebuild our former enemies and to create a world of free trade supported by institutions which would facilitate it. ... As a result, jobs were created, and opportunity thrived all across the world. ... For the last 20 years... the middle class that was created and enlarged by the wise policies of expanding trade at the end of World War II has been under severe stress."-President Bill Clinton, from a 1993 speech What argument was President Clinton making about NAFTA by mentioning the end of World War II? (5 points)

Support NAFTA because expanding free trade will improve the U.S. economy, as well as partner economies.

How did geography contribute to the growth of political conservatism in the 1970s? (5 points)

The Sun Belt region, strongly conservative, was growing in population and investment.

Which movement was started by a leader of the Christian Right in 1979? (5 points)

The Moral Majority

Question refers to the chart below. Which of the following best explains the trend shown in the graph? (5 points)

The concern of Communist influence increased after the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident.

Which of the following best explains the "deindustrialization" of the period after 1980? (5 points)

The decline of the manufacturing industry and its related jobs

Question refers to the image below. © Universal Images Group / Image Quest 2012 What was the relationship between President Johnson's Great Society and the Vietnam conflict? (5 points)

The escalation of the Vietnam conflict caused a serious reduction in Great Society funding.

Which of the following is true about gender and/or family structure in recent decades? (5 points)

The gap in pay between men and women persists in most industries.

Question refers to the graph below. © Norton 2014 According to the graph, what happened to Americans' income between 1980 and 1990? (5 points)

The rich grew richer, while the poor grew poorer.

Question refers to the image below. © The Granger Collection / Universal Images Group / Image Quest 2012 Why did the effort to identify Communists within the United States become divisive? (5 points)

The role and methods of those conducting investigations were challenged as unconstitutional.