Module Three: Computer Hardware
Central Processing Unit
A complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts and is primarily responsible for converting input (data) into meaningful output (information). Data travels in and out of the CPU through embedded wires called a bus.
Multi-Core Processors
A processor core is a unit on the processor with the circuitry necessary to execute instructions. A processor with multiple cores. These processors typically perform better and are more expensive than processors with fewer cores.
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit
CPU
Central Processing Unit
Firmware
Computer manufactures often update the instructions on the ROM chip, which are referred to as firmware.
Processor Cache
If a processor uses specific data frequently, it can store that data in a processor cache. A processor cache stores this data next to the processor so that it can be retrieved quickly, and easily.
Virtual Memory
If your computer runs low on RAM, it may need to swap the contents of RAM to and from the hard drive. When this takes place, your computer is said to be using virtual memory.
Random Access Memory
Is stored on one or more chips connected to the main circuit board of the computer (also referred to as the motherboard). Temporarily stores data needed by the operating system and apps you use.
Nonvolatile
Memory that does not lose its contents when power is removed.
Volatile
Memory that loses its contents when power is removed.
Read Only Memory
Permanently installed on your computer and is attached to the motherboard.
POST
Power-On Self Test
RAM
Random Access Memory
ROM
Read Only Memory
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Responsible for performing arithmetic operations.
Power-On Self Test
Tests all computer components for proper operation.
Swap File/Paging File
The area of the hard drive temporarily used to store data that cannot fit in RAM is called a swap file or paging file.
Control Unit
The control unit manages the flow of instructions within the processor.
