Module Three: Computer Hardware

Central Processing Unit

A complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts and is primarily responsible for converting input (data) into meaningful output (information). Data travels in and out of the CPU through embedded wires called a bus.

Multi-Core Processors

A processor core is a unit on the processor with the circuitry necessary to execute instructions. A processor with multiple cores. These processors typically perform better and are more expensive than processors with fewer cores.

ALU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

CPU

Central Processing Unit

Firmware

Computer manufactures often update the instructions on the ROM chip, which are referred to as firmware.

Processor Cache

If a processor uses specific data frequently, it can store that data in a processor cache. A processor cache stores this data next to the processor so that it can be retrieved quickly, and easily.

Virtual Memory

If your computer runs low on RAM, it may need to swap the contents of RAM to and from the hard drive. When this takes place, your computer is said to be using virtual memory.

Random Access Memory

Is stored on one or more chips connected to the main circuit board of the computer (also referred to as the motherboard). Temporarily stores data needed by the operating system and apps you use.

Nonvolatile

Memory that does not lose its contents when power is removed.

Volatile

Memory that loses its contents when power is removed.

Read Only Memory

Permanently installed on your computer and is attached to the motherboard.

POST

Power-On Self Test

RAM

Random Access Memory

ROM

Read Only Memory

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Responsible for performing arithmetic operations.

Power-On Self Test

Tests all computer components for proper operation.

Swap File/Paging File

The area of the hard drive temporarily used to store data that cannot fit in RAM is called a swap file or paging file.

Control Unit

The control unit manages the flow of instructions within the processor.