MODULE1 ch5 test PSYC230

Which of the following theorists proposed that a structure in the brain called the Language Acquisition Device is responsible for the similarities in language development that have been found in infants around the world? a) Melissa Bower b) B.F. Skinner c) Noam Chomsky d) Dan Slobin

Noam Chomsky

Infant intelligence tests are poor prediction of later intellectual performance because they primarily measure a) cognitive skills such as object permeance b) sensory & motor skills c) individual differences in rates of language development d) the effects of early educational experiences such as daycare attendance

sensory & motor skills

___________ learning from repeated exposure to particular experiences results in the development of "known" combinations of actives, or expectancies a) observational b) sensorimotor c) schematic d) linguistic

schematic

Lucy discovered that by kicking the side of her crib, she cold cause the mobile that is mounted on it to share. Since then, she kicks the side the crib every time her parents put her to bed, and squeals with joy when she sees the mobile shaking. Lucy's behavior fits Piaget's notion of a _______________. a) primary circular reaction b) secondary circular reaction c) tertiary circular reaction d) sensorimotor circular reaction

secondary circular reaction

According to Piaget, what kind of thinking is developed & refined during infancy? a) sensory accommodations b) schematic motor learning c) primary sensory reactions d) sensorimotor intelligence

sensorimotor intelligence

The rapid increase in vocabulary growth that occurs between 16 & 24 months is called ____________ a) the naming explosion b) telegraphic speech c) overextension d) verbal representation

the naming explosion

Inflections are _______________. a) grammatical markers b) changes in pitch c) the special features of language that adults use when they speak to infants d) informal rules for turn-taking that speakers follow

grammatical markers

In infants between the ages of 12 & 18 months, single words combined with gestures & intonation functions as sentences. These utterances are called ______________ a) holophrases b) telegraphic speech c) overregularizations d) overextensions

holophrases

Chun Lee surprised his mother when he climbed to the top shelf of the pantry in search of a cookie when she wasn't looking. Chun Lee's behavior is consistent with substage ______ of the sensorimotor stage. a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 3

6

Which statement about deferred imitation is true? a) a 14-month old can defer imitation for up to a week b) 9-month olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours c) deferred imitation doesn't happen until at least 18 months of age d) the longest that a child under 14 months of age can defer imitation is 3-4 hours

9-month olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours

What researcher demonstrated the importance of contextual cues in infant memory? a) Piaget b) Baillargeon c) Spelke d) Rovee-Collier

Roved-Collier

According to this chapter, what happens when an infant's vocabulary reaches 50 words? a) she begins to speak in sentences b) she adds intonations to her speech that show she can distinguish between statements and questions c) a vocabulary growth spurt begins d) her speech becomes more understandable

a vocabulary growth spurt begins

______________ cite research showing that children's language errors follow rules in support of their theories of language development a) interactionists b) nativists c) both interactionists & nativists d) neither interactionists or nativists

both interactionists & nativists

Most children who talk later than others ________________________. a) have some type of intellectual disability b) catch up with their peers by the time they enter school c) progress slowly through Piaget's sensorimotor stage d) come from homes with insufficient linguistic stimulation

catch up with their peers by the time they enter school

According to Piaget, which of the following behaviors indicate that an infant is nearing the end of the first stage of cognitive development? a) means-end behavior b) primary circular reactions c) deferred imitation d) object permeance

deferred imitation

Scores on infant intelligence tests do not predict scores on tests later in childhood very well because ________________________. a) infant tests rely on babies' sensory & motor skills b) it is impossible to measure intelligence in infants c) all infants are equally intelligent d) they do not have appropriate norms

infant tests rely on babies' sensory & motor skills

Which statement about infant memory is false? a) infant memories are strongly tied to the context in which they occurred b) infants younger than 3 months of age do not form memories c) lost infant memories can be reactivated with contextual cues d) memory abilities improve dramatically over the first 6 months

infants younger than 3 months of age do not form memories

____________ argue that language development is a sub-process of general cognitive development a) learning theorists b) nativists c) interactionists d) cognitive developmentalists

interactionists

Which of the following items are not included in the Bayley-III scales of infant intelligence but were not included in earlier versions? a) items that assess motor skills b) items that assess sensory skills c) items that assess cognitive & language development d) items that assess sensorimotor intelligence

items that assess cognitive & language development

In an experiment, a researcher finds that infants given sweet liquids suck more rapidly than infants who are given non-sweet liquids. This demonstrates that infant learning in influences by _________ a) delayed gratification b) deferred gratification c) classical conditioning d) operant conditioning

operant conditioning

Which term refers to the words that an infant understands? a) expressive language b) receptive language c) grammatical language d) infant-directed speech

receptive language

In what substage did Piaget find that infants develop means-end behavior? a) substage 1 b) substage 2 c) substage 3 d) substage 4

substage 4

The A-not-B error refers to an infant's _____________ a) lack of object permeance b) inability to identify the source of a sound c) tendency to look for a hidden object where it was last seen d) inability to exhibit deferred imitation

tendency to look for a hidden object where it was last seen

According to this chapter, intelligence is ___________________. a) the ability to take in & use information to function within a particular environment b) the ability to function well within one's family c) the ability to rapidly solve problems d) the ability to use information & solve problems across a variety of cultures

the ability to take in & use information to function within a particular environment

With regard to culture & language development, which statement is false? a) cooing, babbling, & holophrases paper in the same order in all cultures b) in young infants in all cultures, receptive vocabulary is larger than expressive vocabulary c) turkish infants do not exhibit telegraphic speech d) the word order in infants' telegraphic speech is the same in all cultures

the word order in infants' telegraphic speech is the same in all cultures