MODULE1 ch5 test PSYC230
Which of the following theorists proposed that a structure in the brain called the Language Acquisition Device is responsible for the similarities in language development that have been found in infants around the world? a) Melissa Bower b) B.F. Skinner c) Noam Chomsky d) Dan Slobin
Noam Chomsky
Infant intelligence tests are poor prediction of later intellectual performance because they primarily measure a) cognitive skills such as object permeance b) sensory & motor skills c) individual differences in rates of language development d) the effects of early educational experiences such as daycare attendance
sensory & motor skills
___________ learning from repeated exposure to particular experiences results in the development of "known" combinations of actives, or expectancies a) observational b) sensorimotor c) schematic d) linguistic
schematic
Lucy discovered that by kicking the side of her crib, she cold cause the mobile that is mounted on it to share. Since then, she kicks the side the crib every time her parents put her to bed, and squeals with joy when she sees the mobile shaking. Lucy's behavior fits Piaget's notion of a _______________. a) primary circular reaction b) secondary circular reaction c) tertiary circular reaction d) sensorimotor circular reaction
secondary circular reaction
According to Piaget, what kind of thinking is developed & refined during infancy? a) sensory accommodations b) schematic motor learning c) primary sensory reactions d) sensorimotor intelligence
sensorimotor intelligence
The rapid increase in vocabulary growth that occurs between 16 & 24 months is called ____________ a) the naming explosion b) telegraphic speech c) overextension d) verbal representation
the naming explosion
Inflections are _______________. a) grammatical markers b) changes in pitch c) the special features of language that adults use when they speak to infants d) informal rules for turn-taking that speakers follow
grammatical markers
In infants between the ages of 12 & 18 months, single words combined with gestures & intonation functions as sentences. These utterances are called ______________ a) holophrases b) telegraphic speech c) overregularizations d) overextensions
holophrases
Chun Lee surprised his mother when he climbed to the top shelf of the pantry in search of a cookie when she wasn't looking. Chun Lee's behavior is consistent with substage ______ of the sensorimotor stage. a) 6 b) 5 c) 4 d) 3
6
Which statement about deferred imitation is true? a) a 14-month old can defer imitation for up to a week b) 9-month olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours c) deferred imitation doesn't happen until at least 18 months of age d) the longest that a child under 14 months of age can defer imitation is 3-4 hours
9-month olds can defer their imitation for as long as 24 hours
What researcher demonstrated the importance of contextual cues in infant memory? a) Piaget b) Baillargeon c) Spelke d) Rovee-Collier
Roved-Collier
According to this chapter, what happens when an infant's vocabulary reaches 50 words? a) she begins to speak in sentences b) she adds intonations to her speech that show she can distinguish between statements and questions c) a vocabulary growth spurt begins d) her speech becomes more understandable
a vocabulary growth spurt begins
______________ cite research showing that children's language errors follow rules in support of their theories of language development a) interactionists b) nativists c) both interactionists & nativists d) neither interactionists or nativists
both interactionists & nativists
Most children who talk later than others ________________________. a) have some type of intellectual disability b) catch up with their peers by the time they enter school c) progress slowly through Piaget's sensorimotor stage d) come from homes with insufficient linguistic stimulation
catch up with their peers by the time they enter school
According to Piaget, which of the following behaviors indicate that an infant is nearing the end of the first stage of cognitive development? a) means-end behavior b) primary circular reactions c) deferred imitation d) object permeance
deferred imitation
Scores on infant intelligence tests do not predict scores on tests later in childhood very well because ________________________. a) infant tests rely on babies' sensory & motor skills b) it is impossible to measure intelligence in infants c) all infants are equally intelligent d) they do not have appropriate norms
infant tests rely on babies' sensory & motor skills
Which statement about infant memory is false? a) infant memories are strongly tied to the context in which they occurred b) infants younger than 3 months of age do not form memories c) lost infant memories can be reactivated with contextual cues d) memory abilities improve dramatically over the first 6 months
infants younger than 3 months of age do not form memories
____________ argue that language development is a sub-process of general cognitive development a) learning theorists b) nativists c) interactionists d) cognitive developmentalists
interactionists
Which of the following items are not included in the Bayley-III scales of infant intelligence but were not included in earlier versions? a) items that assess motor skills b) items that assess sensory skills c) items that assess cognitive & language development d) items that assess sensorimotor intelligence
items that assess cognitive & language development
In an experiment, a researcher finds that infants given sweet liquids suck more rapidly than infants who are given non-sweet liquids. This demonstrates that infant learning in influences by _________ a) delayed gratification b) deferred gratification c) classical conditioning d) operant conditioning
operant conditioning
Which term refers to the words that an infant understands? a) expressive language b) receptive language c) grammatical language d) infant-directed speech
receptive language
In what substage did Piaget find that infants develop means-end behavior? a) substage 1 b) substage 2 c) substage 3 d) substage 4
substage 4
The A-not-B error refers to an infant's _____________ a) lack of object permeance b) inability to identify the source of a sound c) tendency to look for a hidden object where it was last seen d) inability to exhibit deferred imitation
tendency to look for a hidden object where it was last seen
According to this chapter, intelligence is ___________________. a) the ability to take in & use information to function within a particular environment b) the ability to function well within one's family c) the ability to rapidly solve problems d) the ability to use information & solve problems across a variety of cultures
the ability to take in & use information to function within a particular environment
With regard to culture & language development, which statement is false? a) cooing, babbling, & holophrases paper in the same order in all cultures b) in young infants in all cultures, receptive vocabulary is larger than expressive vocabulary c) turkish infants do not exhibit telegraphic speech d) the word order in infants' telegraphic speech is the same in all cultures
the word order in infants' telegraphic speech is the same in all cultures