Modules 1 - 8 Linux Megaset
Which of the following operators reverses the meaning of a test statement?
!
Which of the following characters can be entered at the beginning of a line in a shell script to ensure that line is recognized as a comment rather than try to execute it?
#
Which prompt does the root user receive when logged in to the system?
#
If you have more lines in the file, then you can jump a specific number of lines by entering ____ along with ____.
#, j
To navigate to the end of a line, press ____.
$
Which prompt do regular users receive when logged in to the system?
$
What is the total cost of the software needed to install a native Linux server?
$0
Which of the following is used for combining two outputs?
&
Which of the following special characters are used as wildcards?
*, *', "?", "[ ]", "~"
Which parameter specifies that the command is related to a change of date?
+%D
Which parameter specifies that the command is related to a change of time?
+%T
You need to make the shell script executable. Which of the parameter along with the chmod command should you use?
+x
Which of the following group is used for a regular file?
-
After typing the command umask 731, the permissions on all subsequently created files and directories will be affected. In this case, what will be the permissions on all new files?
---r--rw-
The command chmod 317 file1 would produce which of the following lines in the ls command?
--wx--xrwx 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file
Using which parameter of the fsck command can you check the mounted file systems?
-M
Which parameter should you use with the fsck command to view the list of unmounted filesystems?
-M
To display more information about the Linux distribution being used, which parameter should you use with the uname command?
-a
When working with the vi editor, other than pressing "I", pressing which another key will invoke the insert mode?
-a
Which parameter of the quotacheck command checks for locally mounted filesystems that have quota enabled?
-a
Which parameter should you use to list the empty devices with the lsblk command?
-a
Which two parameters should you use with fsck to auto repair errors if they are detected?
-a, -y
Which parameter should you use to list the device size in bytes with the lsblk com
-b
Using the grep command, you want to count the number of lines in which the searched text appears. Which parameter should you use?
-c
Which parameter of quotacheck command creates the quota files for each filesystem that has quota enabled?
-c
Which parameter should be used with the shutdown command to cancel a scheduled shutdown?
-c
Which parameter do you use with the setfacl command to define a default ACL?
-d
Which parameter of the lsblk command will list only the main devices, not the slave devices?
-d
Which parameter should you use with the fsck command to force to check the integrity of a filesystem?
-f
Which parameter of the quotacheck command checks for the group quota?
-g
Callie wants to make sure that a filesystem is checked every 20 days. Which of the following options, when used with the tune2fs command, would set a full filesystem check to run every 14 days?
-i 14d
Which of the following can be used for comparing values within an if statement?
-lt, =
To display the network node hostname of the Linux system, which parameter of the uname command should you use?
-n
Which parameter of the grep command displays the line number of the line that contains the searched text?
-n
To copy a directory and the files contained in it to another directory, which of the following parameters should be used with the cp command?
-r
Which of the following parameter should be used with the rm command to remove a directory?
-r
Which parameter of the uname command will display the kernel version number?
-r
Which parameter should be used with the shutdown command to schedule a shutdown?
-r
Which of the following permissions would show for a symbolic link when displayed with the ls -l command?
-rw-r--r--
To display the kernel name, which parameter should you use with the uname command?
-s
Which parameter is used to create a symbolic link rather than a hard link with the ln command?
-s
Which parameter should you use to copy the hardware time to system time?
-s
Which parameter of the quotacheck command creates the quota files for a user quota?
-u
Which parameter should you use with the uname command to display its release date?
-v
Which parameter should you use with the hwclock command to set it as the system clock?
-w
Which of the following file is executed when a login shell exits?
.bash_logout
Which of the following is activated when the user logs on and also loads the environment variables?
.profile
What is the extension of a shell script?
.sh
Given the following output from /etc/fstab, which filesystems will be automatically checked on boot by the fsck command?
/, /proc, and swap
Which two partitions do you typically create at minimum during a Fedora Linux installation?
/, swap
Where is the pwd command located in this system?
/bin
In what directory is Stage 2 of the GRUB2 boot loader stored?
/boot
GRUB2 stage 2 resides in which directory?
/boot/grub, /boot/grub2
If you make any changes to the /etc/default/grub file, you need to ensure that the ____ file is updated.
/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Which of the following would be the correct device for the primary master PATA hard disk?
/dev/hda
Which of the following would be the device file for the third partition on the second SATA drive on a Linux system?
/dev/sdb3
You plug a USB flash memory drive into a system that has two SATA hard disks. How will the partition on this USB flash memory drive be identified by Linux?
/dev/sdc1
Which of the following two directories contain files that are static and cannot be changed by a user?
/etc, /boot
Which file contains the Ubuntu boot settings?
/etc/default/grub
Jackson wants to automatically mount a secondary internal hard drive when his Linux workstation boots up. In which of the following files should he configure an entry for the partition on the drive that he wants to mount?
/etc/fstab
The ____ file lists the partitions that will be detected at the boot time. It also defines which filesystem is mounted as the root partition (/).
/etc/fstab
To configure the disk quota, you first add the filesystems that require the quotas implemented to the ____ file.
/etc/fstab
Which directory stores most UNIX SysV rc scripts?
/etc/init.d
Which file does the UNIX SysV init daemon reference on startup to determine the default runlevel?
/etc/inittab
Which of the following files is always executed immediately after any user logs in to a Linux system and receives a BASH shell?
/etc/profile
Which of the following is the global profile used for all the users in a Linux system?
/etc/profile
What is the name of the directory that contains symbolic links to UNIX SysV rc scripts for runlevel 2?
/etc/rc2.d
Which directory stores the symbolic links for the Apache Web server?
/etc/rcX.d/
Lynn runs the locate command and the results include many files from a directory that she doesn't want to include in her search. Which of the following files could Lynn modify so that the locate command no longer includes those results?
/etc/updatedb.conf
To mount a CD-ROM, in which directory should you create a directory?
/mount
You can use view the ____ file to view the hard drive details.
/proc/partitions
To which directory will the test ZFS volume from the previous question be mounted by the ZFS system?
/test
You want to view log files to get information about a problem that occurred during a Linux installation. In which directory will you likely find the log files?
/var/log
Which of the following directories are unshareable?
/var/log, /proc
Which of the following standard input value is used for the default keyboard?
0
Which runlevel halts the system?
0
Which of the following umask settings will result in new files receiving the default permissions -rw-------?
0177
To support secure authentication, you must configure the administrator account (root) and at least ____ regular user account(s). In the space provided, enter only the numeric value.
1
What is the number of MBR partitions contained in a hard drive?
1
What is the octal value of execute permission?
1
Which two standard output values are used for the default terminal?
1, 2
When examining a Linux kernel version number of 4.18.8, what is the minor number?
18
Linux servers are typically installed in a rack using rackmount server hardware. Which of the following describes the minimum height of a rackmount server?
1U
What is the default value of SGID?
2
Which of the following variables could access the value "/etc" within the sample shell script, if the sample shell script was executed using the bash sample /var /etc /bin command?
2
Which of the following kernels are developmental kernels?
2.3.4, 4.1-rc5
What is the size of /dev/sda in GB?
21.5
The inode number of the links is 267865. What is the inode number of the links2 file?
267865
What is the size of the rc.conf file in bytes?
281
If the physical extent of a volume group is set to 32MB, what is the maximum logical volume size?
2TB
How many instances of the term "root" were found in the passwd file? In the space provided, enter only the numeric value.
4
What is the default value of SUID?
4
What is the maximum number of Primary partitions that can be stored on a Hard disk?
4
What is the maximum number of primary and extended partitions can you define on a hard drive?
4
What is the octal value of read permission?
4
When examining a Linux kernel version number of 4.18.8, what is the major number?
4
What is the octal value of SUID?
4000
A Linux system that is configured to work in graphical mode, what is the run level?
5
What is the default runlevel in most Linux distributions?
5
What sector size in bytes is used on /dev/sda?
512
In the lab, we used the reboot command to reboot the system. What runlevel does the reboot command correspond to?
6
Which runlevel shuts down the system and then reboots it with the mentioned level as the default runlevel?
6
What is the standard permission for files?
666
If you create a file on which no one other than root has read, write, or execute permissions, which value should you use with the chmod command?
700
Which value with the chmod command will make a shell script executable?
700
What is the numeric representation of the mode of a newly created directory?
777
What is the standard permission for directories?
777
When examining a Linux kernel version number of 4.18.8, what is the revision number?
8
When using the gdisk command, what is the default GUID used?
8300
The output of a command is redirected to a new file with the help of the ____ operator.
>
To send the content of one file to another file, you can use the ____ redirector.
>
Which operator will overwrite the contents of an existing file?
>
To append the information to an existing file, which type of redirector should be used>
>>
Which of the following will take output from a command and append it to the end of a file?
>>
Which operator will append the output to the same file without overwriting it?
>>
When using the vi text editor, which of the following keys, when in command mode, will change to insert mode and place the cursor at the end of the current line?
A
You noticed a file in your home directory that has a + symbol appended to the mode. What does this indicate?
Additional entries exist within the ACL of the file that can be viewed using the getfacl command.
Which of the following special characters cannot be used with the grep command unless you use them as metacharacters?
All
Which variables are contained in /etc/profile?
All
Which of the following settings can be configured under the Slow Keys section in Typing Assist dialog box?
All except Beep when a key is released
In which of the following ways can an access control list be configured?
All of the above
Which of the following are common methods for gaining support for Linux?
All of the above
Which of the following are true of the echo command?
All of the other options are true
A Linux server can NOT provide which of the services listed?
All of these can be provided
Which of the following key combinations would switch from tty1 to tty3?
Alt+Shift+F3
What is the most common open source Web server available for Linux?
Apache
For Ubuntu, what is the name of the Apache Web server package on Ubuntu?
Apache2
How do you indicate a comment line in a shell script?
Begin the line with #.
The most common method of Linux clustering is known as ____ clustering.
Beowulf
Which of the following is an absolute pathname?
C:\myFolder\resume
Which settings, when being configured, bring up the Hover Click dialog box?
Click assist
Jim has just installed two new SAS SSDs in his system. He properly installs the hardware in his machine. Before he can use them for data storage and retrieval, what must he do?
Create one or more partitions on each of the SSDs, mount any partitions created on the two SSDs such that they are accessible by the operating system, format any partitions created on the SSDs with a valid filesystem recognized by Linux
When sitting at a computer running Linux, what key combination do you press to open the graphical terminal?
Ctrl+Alt+F1
On which distribution is the Ubuntu Linux distribution based?
Debian
Which two people are accredited with creating the UNIX operating system?
Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson
What component of a Linux server is used to connect to a Fibre Channel SAN?
FC HBA
What was created to define a standard directory structure and common file location for Linux?
FHS
A symbolic link is also known as a soft link and is depicted by an @ symbol appearing at the beginning of the filename when viewed using the ls -l command. True or False?
False
After a partition on a hard disk is formatted with a filesystem, all partitions on that hard disk drive must use the same filesystem. True or False?
False
BTRFS filesystems do not need to be checked for errors as they are resilient to data corruption. True or False?
False
Because stderr and stdout represent the results of a command and stdin represents the input required for a command, only stderr and stdout can be redirected to/from a file. True or False?
False
Character devices typically transfer data more quickly than block devices. True or False?
False
DM-MPIO can be configured to provide multiple, redundant connections to data stored on a SAN. True or False?
False
Linux commands entered via the command line are not case sensitive. True or False?
False
Only the root user can modify a file that has the immutable attribute set. True or False?
False
The less command offers less functionality than the more command. True or False?
False
There is no real difference between the "S" and "s" special permissions when displayed using the ls -l command. One just means it is on a file, and the other that it is on a directory. True or False?
False
Users enter commands directly to the kernel of the Linux operating system. True or False?
False
When using the vi text editor, which of the following keys, when in command mode, will move to the last line in the document?
G
Which common GUI environments are available in most Linux distributions?
GNOME, KDE
Linux is freely developed and considered open source software. It is covered under this public license.
GNU
To which license does Linux adhere?
GNU General Public License
Which choice is considered a legacy boot loader?
GRUB
When you have more than one operating system, you can boot directly to the last operating system in the list. You will need to change the ____ setting.
GRUB_DEFAULT
Which parameter in the /etc/default/grub file makes Ubuntu the default operating system if there is another operating system loaded?
GRUB_DEFAULT
If you want to change the Ubuntu boot timing, which parameter should you edit?
GRUB_TIMEOUT
The GUID Partition Table is used on hard disks that are ____ 2 TB in size.
Greater than or equal to
Which type of link can only exist on the local system?
Hard link
Which type of link is another directory entry for the source file and carries those same properties, such as file permissions, of the source file?
Hard link
Which assistive technology will make a desktop environment more accessible to a person with low vision?
High contrast
.After typing the ls -a command, you notice a file whose filename begins with a dot ( . ). What does this mean?
It is a hidden file.
What does &> accomplish when entered on the command line after a command?
It redirects both stderr and stdout to the same location.
Which of the following will the split command do on a file when no other options are specified?
It will split a file into new equally sized files that are 1/10th of the original file size.
After typing the ls -F command, you notice a filename that ends with an * (asterisk) character. What does this mean?
It's an executable file.
What must a user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked whether to overwrite an existing file?
Just type cp or mv as they run in interactive mode by default.
What hypervisor functionality is built in to the Linux kernel?
KVM
Which of these choices can NOT be used to manage networked virtual machines?
KVM
Which of the following Linux distributions is likely to be used by a CyberSecurity worker?
Kali
When installing the latest Linux version, you can choose Red Hat, Ubuntu, GNOME or KDE distributions. Which of the choices will be common to all distributions?
Kernel
Linux was developed by ____ to resemble the ____ operating system.
Linus Torvalds, MINIX
When the core components of the Linux operating system are packaged together with other Open Source Software, it is called a:
Linux distribution
When viewing the output of the lsmod command, you notice several modules that start with vmw. What does this indicate?
Linux is running as a guest operating system.
What are some good reasons for using Linux in a corporate environment?
Linux software is unlikely to become abandoned by its developers, Linux is secure and has a lower total cost of ownership than other operating systems, Linux is widely available for many platforms and supports many programming languages.
Which of the following would be a term applicable to an email program on a workstation that is used to view email?
MUA
You want to configure the runlevels that a particular upstart daemon is started in. What should you do?
Modify the daemon configuration file within the /etc/init directory
Which of the following can be used to synchronize the time between a number of Linux servers and workstations on a network with a time clock source on the Internet?
NTP
Which of the choices is NOT used to identify a Linux kernel version?
Name
A Linux developmental kernel is classified as -rc2. What does this indicate?
Needs more testing
You attempt to perform the git commit -m "Added listdir function" but the command fails. What are possible reasons for the failure?
No files added to Git index beforehand. The user performing commit has not set their Git user information. The user performing commit is not running command from within Git repo directory.
Many types of software are available today. Which type of software does Linux represent?
Open source software
Which term describes the security analysis that attempts to break into systems to test the strength of the system?
Penetration test
How can you protect a metacharacter (such as the $ character) from shell interpretation?
Precede it with a \.
How can you specify a text pattern that must be at the beginning of a line of text using a regular expression?
Precede the string with a ^.
How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor?
Press the Esc key.
Which of the following statements are true?
Quotas can limit both user space and the number of files a user can own, hard limits can never be exceeded, soft limits allow a user to exceed them for a certain period of time.
Which of the following RAID levels is not fault tolerant?
RAID 0
What type of redundant storage configuration is most common for hosting the operating system and applications on a server?
RAID 1
Which parameter should you use to reload an application's configuration files without restarting the system?
Reload
Who formed the Free Software Foundation to promote open development?
Richard Stallman
The root user utilizes the chgrp command to give ownership of a file to another user. What must the root user do to regain ownership of the file?
Run chgrp again listing the root user as the new owner
When using the fdisk -l command, what type of device contains the boot partition?
SATA
Which of the following types of cloud platforms would a webmail service offered to the general public be considered?
SaaS
Which of the following can be used on Linux to provide file and print services?
Samba
After you log in to a terminal, you receive a user interface called a ____.
Shell
Every computer consists of physical components and non-physical components. The non-physical components of a computer that understand how to work with the physical components are referred to as:
Software
Which of the following is not an example of virtualization software that can be used to install Linux within another operating system?
Spiceworks
What does the /var directory contain?
Spools and log files
Which type of link is a pointer to the source file?
Symbolic link
When files or directories are deleted from a Linux system, the ____ process continues to reference them unless the process is reloaded.
Systemctl
Which choice identifies a compressed archive of files that can be installed on a Linux system without updating the central software database?
Tarball
Just type "the answer is not red nor blue." ????
The answer is not red nor blue.
Which of the following does a Linux kernel use to store the value of epoch time?
The number of seconds since January 1, 1970
Which of the following are characteristics of Open Source Software?
The software is developed collaboratively, any bugs are fixed quickly.
In the lab, you configured your virtual hard disk file to manage its size dynamically. This type of allocation is also referred to as which of the following choices?
Thin provisioning
What would be the result of running the command chown :root file1.txt?
This would set the group ownership of file1 to root.
A directory is a type of file. True or False?
True
Hard links need to reside on the same filesystem as the target, whereas symbolic links need not be on the same filesystem as the target. True or False?
True
If you boot your computer from Linux live media, you will be able to use a fully-functional Linux system prior to installing Linux on permanent storage. True or False?
True
Linux has only one root directory per directory tree. True or False?
True
The lvextend command can be used to add unused space within a volume group to an existing logical volume. True or False?
True
The operating system software is necessary for a computer to function. True or False?
True
The sed and awk commands are filter commands commonly used to format data within a pipe. True or False?
True
To install Linux within a virtual machine, you can specify the path to an ISO image that contains the Linux installation media within virtualization software without having to first write the ISO image to a DVD or USB flash drive. True or False?
True
Which of the following statements is true?
UTF-8 is commonly used to provide Unicode character set support
After typing the ls -F command, you see the following line in the output: -rw-r-xr-- 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 What do these permissions mean?
User1 has read and write permission, members of the root group have read and execute permissions, and all others have read permissions to the file.
Which of the following statements regarding LVM structure is correct?
VGs are comprised of one or more PVs.
Which of the following feature flashes the entire screen?
Visual alerts
The core component of the Linux operating system is the Linux kernel. If you were a Linux systems administrator for a company, when would you need to upgrade your Linux kernel?
When you need support in Linux for new hardware, when you need to increase the stability of Linux
What would be the effect of using the alias command to make an alias for the date command named cat in honor of your favorite pet?
When you use the cat command at the command prompt with the intention of viewing a text file, the date appears instead.
What is the core component of the Linux GUI?
X-Windows
Which two implementations of X Windows are commonly used in Linux?
X.org, Wayland,
When a new date is set with the date command, what is the default format?
YYYY-MM-DD
You have redirected stderr to a file called Errors. You view the contents of this file afterward and notice that there are six error messages. After repeating the procedure, you notice that there are only two error messages in this file. Why?
You did not append the Standard Error to the Error file and as a result, it was overwritten when the command was run a second time.
Which of the filesystems listed provides much of the same functionality as RAID?
ZFS
Where is the Crosshairs setting located?
Zoom settings
Using wildcard metacharacters, how can you indicate a character that is not an a or b or c or d?
[!a-d]
Which of the following lines can be used to perform command substitution within a shell script?
`command`, $(command)
Garrett wants to search through a csv file to find all rows that have either the name John or Bob in them and display them out to the terminal. Which of the following commands could Garrett use to perform this search?
a grep -E "(John|Bob)" salesemployees.csv
Which of the following could result in a segmentation fault (fatal signal 11) during a Fedora installation?
all of the above
When using two output redirects, >>, on an existing file, the file contents will be ____.
appended
What command is equivalent to the man -k keyword command?
apropos
Which of the following types of encryption uses a pair of keys known as a public and private?
asymmetric
What is the default shell in Linux called?
bash
Which are two methods to execute a shell script named plab.sh?
bash plab.sh, ./plab.sh
Which command should you use to find the UID of a filesystem?
blkid
Which of the following directories are contained within the root directory?
boot, etc, home
Which of the following sub-directories are part of the root directory?
boot, usr, home, var, tmp
We used 756 in this lab to set the mode of a file named project2. If we had used the value 675, who would be affected?
both user and group
Which of the following settings can be configured on the Typing Assist dialog box?
bounce keys, sticky keys, slow keys
What keystroke will open a grub> prompt at the Grub boot screen?
c
Which of the following commands can be used to display a calendar for the current month?
cal
Which of the following results would be created by the command sequence:echo 'apple banana carrot dog elephant' | while read a b c; do echo result: $c $b $a; done
carrot dog elephant banana apple
In a scenario, where you have multiple conditions, it is best to use ____ statements.
case esac
You want to see the filesystems that are in use on the system. What command could you use?
cat /etc/mtab, df -T
Which of the following commands will display the current CPU(s) detected by a Linux system?
cat /proc/cpuinfo
When applied to a directory, the SGID special permission ____.
causes all new files created in the directory to have the same group membership as the directory and not the entity that created them
A user typed in the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pending. How could that user navigate to the /home/jim directory?
cd ../..
If a user's current directory is /home/mary/project1, which command could she use to move to the etc directory directly under the root?
cd /etc
If you need to visit the Documents directory in the home directory of the user Administrator, what would be the correct command?
cd /home/administrator/Documents
Which of the following will display the message welcome home if the cd /home/user1 command is successfully executed?
cd /home/user1 && echo "welcome home"
Which of the following are examples of an absolute path?
cd /var/cache, cd /etc
What is the relative path to get into the Documents directory?
cd Documents/
Which command will take you back to the home directory?
cd \
Which of the following are examples of a relative path?
cd.., cd ../backups, cd Documents/
The main configuration file for GRUB2 is /boot/grub/grub____. This file is automatically built via entries within the /etc/default/grub file.
cfg
Which of the following commands can be used to start a UNIX SysV daemon called lala in runlevels 1, 2 and 3?
chkconfig --level 123 lala on
A file has the following permissions r----x-w-. The command chmod 143 would have the same effect as the command ____.
chmod u=x,g=r,o=wx file1
Which command will add the read, write, and execute permissions to Everyone on a file named plab.txt?
chmod ugo+rwx plab.txt
Which of the following commands will change the user ownership and group ownership of file1 to user1 and root, respectively?
chown user1:root file1
Which commands can be used to change the group in a file permission?
chown, chgrp
Which command can you use during a system rescue to switch from the root of the live OS to the root of the Linux system installed on the hard disk?
chroot
Which command blanks the terminal screen, erasing previously displayed output?
clear
The United States Air Force was able to install Linux on a popular gaming console and then connect over 1,700 of these systems together to work as one big supercomputer. Which of the following types of technologies did they implement?
clustering
The vi editor can function in which two of the following modes?
command insert
The default output of a command is displayed on the ____.
console, screen
The ____ command is another filter that is used to print the selected output of a file onto the screen.
cut
Which command should you run after installing a new kernel module to update the module dependency database?
depmod
The ____ command displays the information about the mounted filesystems.
df
The ____ utility is meant to list the disk space usage on filesystems.
df
Which command is used to display the amount of free space that exists on a filesystem?
df
Which command should you use to determine the partition of the current working directory?
df .
Kate wants to compare two text files to identify what might have been changed from one version to another. Which of the following commands can she use to do this?
diff document1.txt document2.txt
To which of the following can you apply the default ACL?
directories
What does the command dumpe2fs -h do?
displays the number of used and available inodes for an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem
What does the du -s /var command do?
displays the total size of the /var directory
Which of the following commands will display messages that were displayed during the boot sequence by the kernel?
dmesg
Which command is used to determine the disk usage?
du
Which command will allow you to find out the total space taken by each of the directories in a Linux system?
du -h --max-depth=1
To navigate to the end of a word, press ____ and you will jump to the end of the word.
e
Which command is used to format a partition on a hard disk drive with the ext4 filesystem?
e2mkfs -t ext4 device
After issuing the fsck -M /dev/sda1 command, which command should generate the output as 0 or 1?
echo $?
The current value for the HOME variable is displayed by which of the following commands?
echo ~, echo $HOME
To count the number of lines in /etc/yum.conf that either start with 1 or end with 01, which of the following commands should be used?
egrep -c '^1|01$' /etc/yum.conf
Which command prints the all exported environment variables?
env
Which command will list the environment variables?
env
What are the three standard Linux permissions?
execute, read, write
The ____ command is another filter that converts tabs to spaces, without affecting the source file. By default, a tab consists of eight spaces.
expand
Before a user-defined variable can be used by processes that run in subshells, that variable must be ____.
export
Which command enables you to export variables to be used by other processes?
export
The B-tree filesystem is a replacement for which filesystem?
ext4
ZFS volumes are mounted at boot time from entries within /etc/fstab by default. True or false?
false
Which command allows you to display the existing partitions on a disk?
fdisk -l
Every if construct begins with if and must be terminated with?
fi
The if decision construct will always end with the statement ____.
fi
The ____ command will display file types using special characters.
file
Which type of information is indicated by an inode?
file size, file type, access permission
What will the wildcard regular expression file[a-c] return?
filea, fileb, filec
Which of the following does iso9660 identify?
filesystem
Which command works only when you are in the root directory?
find
Which of the following is not a piece of information that the Fedora installation program prompts you for?
firewall settings
The ____ command is used to define the uniform spacing between words and sentences.
fmt
The ____ loop runs through a list of values in a list until the time list values are exhausted.
for loop
Which of the following terms describes a type of useful and legitimate software that is distributed by a developer where they do not charge for the software but also do not distribute the source code along with it?
freeware
Which command is used to verify the integrity of a filesystem?
fsck
Which utility can repair a damaged filesystem?
fsck
To remove the write permissions for a group, which two parameters should you use with the chmod command?
g-w
Which of the following commands can only be used to create partitions on a GPT hard disk?
gdisk
Which command do you need to use to verify the ACLs on a directory after they have been applied?
getfacl
You can verify the permissions on this file using the ____ command.
getfacl, ls -l
Which of the following files can you add filenames to so that the git add * command will not stage them?
gitignore
What systemd target corresponds to runlevel 5?
graphical.target
Chase is trying to extract records for employees 423 through 428 out of a comma separated values file and store them in another one. Which of the following commands would accomplish this?
grep "42[3-8]" employees.csv > employees-newhires.csv cat employees.csv | grep "42[3-8]" > employees-newhires.csv grep "42[3-8]" < employees.csv > employees-newhires.csv
Jo has received a text file which contains multiple instances of his name spelled correctly as well as multiple instances spelled as Joe. Which of the following commands would search a text file for any occurrences of either spelling and display them out to the terminal?
grep "Joe*" document1.txt, grep -E "Joe*" document1.txt, grep -E "Joe?" document1.txt
Which of the following commands will not interpret regular expressions, which translates into faster results being returned?
grep -F, fgrep
Which of the following will look at the /etc/passwd file for any lines containing the word root and display them out to the screen while simultaneously writing the results to a file?
grep root /etc/passwd | tee ~/root.txt
In the command mode, pressing which letter would move one character to the left?
h
What command can you use to safely shut down the Linux system immediately?
halt
When searching with the which command, most of the commands were found in the same directory. Which choices were in a different directory than the others?
halt
A device file ____.
has no data section, displays a major and minor number in place of a file size
Which of the following indicates the second MBR partition on the third hard disk drive to GRUB2?
hd2,msdo2
Match each Linux name on the left side of the screen with its description by dragging it to the correct spot the Name column.
hda - Primary master PATA hard disk hdb - Primary slave PATA hard disk hdc - Secondary master PATA hard disk hdd - Secondary slave PATA hard disk
Which of the following can be used to compare the hardware clock to the system clock, writing a new result to a new line every 10 seconds?
hwclock -c
You have recently modified the system time using the date command. What command can you run to ensure that the same time is updated within the system BIOS?
hwclock -w
Which of the following describes a computer that is used to access an iSCSI hard disk across the network?
iSCSI initiator
Which of the following commands can be used to convert files between different character encodings?
iconv
You can use the ____ loop to check for a condition and perform a task.
if
The ____ statements are mainly used for making a decision and therefore, are known as decision-making statements.
if else
What equivalent to the man command generally provides an easier-to-read description of the queried command and contains links to other related information?
info
The first daemon loaded on a Linux system is ____.
init
Which command causes the system to enter Single User Mode?
init 1
Which file contains the default runlevel information?
inittab
Sandra needs to obtain the latest image of Fedora so that she can install it as a virtual machine on her Windows workstation. Which of the following file formats is Sandra likely to find available for download from Fedora's website in order to allow her to use the file as the source for booting and installing Linux as a VM?
iso
The iso9660 filesystem is used on CD-ROMs. What filesystem is used if you convert a CD-Rom to a disk image ISO file?
iso9660
Which of the following commands can be used on a modern Linux system to view hardware information that was captured at the beginning of the boot process?
journalctl -k
Which of the following will invalid entries in the GRUB2 configuration cause?
kernel panic, system halt
The Master Boot Record (MBR) is used on hard disks that are ____ 2 TB in size.
less than
In order to create and manage KVM or Qemu virtual machines, a Linux system must have which of the following installed?
libvert
Which command is used to create links?
ln
Which of the following commands will create a symbolic link named foo.txt to an original file named bar.txt
ln bar.txt foo.txt
Which command can be used to modify the default locale on the system?
localectl
Wayne is using the command line and is in his home directory. Which of the following will display a list of all files and their sizes from his home directory?
ls -al ~, ls -al /home/wayne
Which command would you use to view the assigned SGID?
ls -ld
Which of the following commands can be used to display general hardware information for the entire system?
lshw
Which of the following commands can quickly determine whether your network hardware was detected properly following a Linux installation?
lshw -class network
The ____ utility is meant to list the SCSI devices on a system.
lsscsi
You know a Linux command will perform a desired function for you, but you cannot remember the full name of the command. You do remember it will flush a variable from your system. Which command typed at a command prompt displays a list of commands that would likely contain the command you desire?
man -k flush
Dustin runs a command at the command line trying to find out what kernel version the system is running. However, it doesn't give him the information he needs. He knows there is an option that can be used to display the kernel version. How can he find out which option to use?
man uname
Mindy wants to create a new subdirectory at ~/2019projects/projectx/projectplans to start storing the initial project plans for projectx. However, this is the first project she has worked on in 2019 and the 2019projects directory does not exist yet. Which of the following commands will create the higher level directories if they do not already exist?
mkdir -p ~/2019projects/project/projectplans
To create a subdirectory within a directory, which of the following commands should be used?
mkdir myfolder/mydocs
Which of the following commands cannot be used to create an exFAT filesystem on a USB thumb drive that is recognized as /dev/sdb?
mkfs exfat /dev/sdb1
Leonard wants to find detailed information about the Bluetooth kernel module. Which of the following commands can he use to display this information?
modinfo bluetooth
Which of the following tasks can be performed using disk management tools in Linux?
monitor free and used space, remove partitions, specifying the type of filesystem on a partition, create partitions
Which of the following command lists all the partitions and their mount points on a hard disk?
mount
Which command mounts all existing filesystems in /etc/fstab?
mount -a
To view the current partitions mounted, which command should you use?
mount -v
A user runs the fsck command with the -f option on an ext4 filesystem that is showing signs of corruption. How would that user locate any files the system was unable to repair?
mount the filesystem and check the lost+found directory underneath the mount point
What does the mv command do?
moves a directory, moves a file
Linux is a ____ and ____ operating system.
multiuser, multitasker
Which of the following is the default window manager used by the GNOME version 3 desktop environment?
mutter
Which command do you use to rename files and directories?
mv
When using an internet browser in Linux to reach a website, how is the address www.linux.org handled?
none of these are correct
Which of the following are factors that determine which Linux distribution a user will use?
package manager support, hardware platform, kernel features
We asked the user to enter a positive or negative number and used 4 as an example Given what you know about the script, the number 5 would be classified as a ____ number.
positive
Clint has run the command parted /dev/sdb and wants to display a list of the existing partitions that exist on that drive. Which of the following commands can he use to display the existing partitions?
Which command prints partial or full environment variables?
printenv
Which of the following types of servers can be used to cache requested Internet resources so that they can be more quickly delivered to users requesting the same resource while at the same time reducing the burden on the external network connection to the Internet for an organization?
proxy server
Mike has changed directory into one subdirectory after the next and has lost track of where he's at in the directory tree. Which of the following commands can he use to tell him the full path to the current subdirectory he is in?
pwd
Which command would a user type on the command line to find out the current directory in the directory tree?
pwd
What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor?
quit without saving any changes.
Where is the /proc filesystem stored?
ram
Which construct can be used in a shell script to read stdin and place it in a variable?
read
The command "cd etc" uses a(n) ____ path.
relative
A special device file is used to ____.
represent hardware devices such as hard disk drives and ports
If "resume" is the name of a file in the home directory off the root of the filesystem and your present working directory is home, what is the relative name for the file named resume?
resume
Which of the following commands is used to delete a file?
rm
Which of the following commands will delete a directory and all of the files contained within it?
rm -rf olddir
When you boot a Linux system, the ____ filesystem is mounted as part of the initialization process.
root
Which package should you use to verify if the ACL package is installed on the CentOS system?
rpm
Aria has modified the hard disk that hosts the operating system by using the fdisk command. The fdisk command indicates that the new partition information must be manually reloaded. Which of the following should she do next?
run the partprobe command, reboot the system
Which of the following commands will show the current runlevel along with the previous runlevel?
runlevel
The default permissions given by the system prior to analyzing the umask are____ for directories and ____ for files.
rwxrwxrwx and rw-rw-rwe.
Which of the following refers to the third primary partition on the second SAS hard disk within Linux?
sdb3
The which command ____.
searches for a file only in directories that are in the PATH variable
To delete all the blank lines at the end of the file, which of the following commands should be used?
sed '/^ / d' yumtest.conf
Which of the following is not a type of RAID?
serial RAID
Which command could you use to see a list of all environment and user-defined shell variables as well as their current values?
set
Which command prints the name and value of each shell variable available?
set
Which command do you use to define an access ACL?
setfacl
Which of the following commands will power off a Linux system after a 10 minute delay?
shutdown -P 10
What kernel option can be specified within a boot loader to force the system to boot to Single User Mode?
single
The ____ utility is meant to print the drive information.
smartctl
Which type of RAID can be entirely configured during the Linux installation process?
software RAID
Which command can be used to start X Windows, the window manager, and the default desktop environment?
startx
Which command displays values like when last accessed, modified, or changed for a specific file?
stat
The | (pipe) metacharacter take the stdout of a command and sends it to another command as ____.
stdin or input
Which command searches for and displays any text contents of a binary file?
strings
Which of the following is a separate partition that moves items from computer memory to its hard drive?
swap
Which type of partition moves items from the computer memory to its hard drive?
swap
Which of the following Systemd commands can be used to stop a daemon called lala?
systemctl stop lala.service
A Linux command that displays a file on the screen, beginning with the last line of the file and ending with the first line of the file.
tac
Which of the following commands will shut down a Linux system?
telinit 0, shutdown -h now, poweroff
Which two commands can be used to change the runlevel?
telinit, init
When you change the data in a file that is hard-linked to three others, ____.
the data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hard-linked files are modified because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size
A user types the command head /poems/mary. What will be displayed on the terminal screen?
the first 10 lines of the file mary
Which culture embraced the term "GNU" (GNU's Not UNIX) and laid the free software groundwork for Linux?
the hacker culture
Which of the following is a type of software that allows a piece of hardware to host multiple operating systems?
thin client
When configuring a virtual hard disk file, which term refers to the feature that allows the virtual hard disk file to expand dynamically as space is requested by the guest operating system?
thin provisioning
Which of the following options can be specified in the GRUB Legacy configuration file to set how long the boot menu is displayed before loading the default image?
timeout
Which of the following information is displayed using the lsblk command?
total size of the partition, mount points if any are available, the total size of the block
Which of the following commands can be used to update the last modified timestamp on a file, or if the file specified does not exist will create the file?
touch file.txt
A for construct is a loop construct that processes a specified list of objects. As a result, it is executed as long as there are remaining objects to process. True or false?
true
Both aliases and functions can be used to store commands that can be executed, but functions can also accept positional parameters. True or false?
true
True or false? When using the output redirect > on an existing, the contents of the file will be replaced.
true
Given the following output from the ls command, how many files are linked with file1?
two
Elijah is done working with an external USB hard drive and wants to properly disconnect it. Which of the following commands should he use before unplugging the USB cable?
umount
You can use ____ to convert the spaces back to default tabs in a file.
unexpand
How many partitions does GPT allow you to create on a disk?
unlimited
A user mounts a device to a mount point directory and realizes afterward she needs files previously found within the mount point directory. What should this user do?
unmount the device from the directory
What must you do to successfully run the fsck command on a filesystem?
unmount the filesystem
Which utility has replaced the chkconfig utility in Ubuntu?
update-rc.d
On a system using the KVM hypervisor, which of the following modules would you expect to see as part of the output of the lsmod command on a guest Linux virtual machine?
virtio
Which of the following commands will count the number of lines in a file named data.csv?
wc -l data.csv
Which of the following server roles does Apache perform?
web server
Which of the following executes a list of commands repeatedly till the specified condition is reached?
while
Which two loops run until a statement becomes true?
while, until
Which command displays the users who are currently logged in to the Linux system?
who
Which command should you enter to save and exit a file that is opened in the vi editor?
wq
Which command can be used to repair an XFS filesystem?
xfs_repair /dev/sdb1
What command can be used to create a ZFS volume called test from the space on /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc that functions like RAID level 1?
zpool create test mirror /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
Which operator is typically used with the xargs command?
|
Regardless of your username you can always refer to your own home directory by using the ____ metacharacter.
~
If the ~/.bash_profile does not exist, then the ____ file is read.
~/.bash_login
The ____ gets executed only during a login shell.
~/.bash_profile
The ____ profile is the user configuration file in which the user environment can be configured.
~/.bash_profile
