modules 16&17 psychology exam 2

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This BEST illustrates:

perceptual adaptation

An inability to recognize faces is called

prosopagnosia

In an experiment described in the textbook, bar patrons preferred the taste of vinegar-laced beer in a glass labeled "MIT brew" to the taste of identical beer served in an unlabeled glass. Taste preference is a(n) _____ variable in this study.

dependent

Barbara stubbed her toe last night. It hurt and all day today she has been aware of her toe. She says, "This is so weird. I usually don't think about my toe." Barbara's typical unawareness of her toe BEST reflects:

sensory adaptation

Why do we adapt after prolonged exposure to a constant stimulus?

so that we detect potentially important changes in what's going on

Suppose someone stares at an illustration of the American flag for a while and then glances at a blank white page. Why do the red stripes look green when the person glances at the blank page?

Opponent-process cells activated by red light become fatigued.

Neurons in the visual area of the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as edges, lines, and angles, are called:

feature detectors

Pat turns to look directly at a brightly colored bird her friend has spotted in the garden. Pat is ensuring that the bird's image falls directly on her:

fovea

Denise wears an extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects.

High Amplitude

The FBI is considering a new identification method. Instead of using old-fashioned fingerprints, they have decided to scan the eye's _____ to confirm people's identity.

Iris

If people stare at an object, why does it not seem to disappear?

Their nerve cells are constantly firing.

Janice opens her eyes in the morning to see a photograph by her bedside. At that point, her eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called:

Transduction

The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This BEST illustrates:

Weber's law

Perceptual sets are the result of _____, which are concepts that people form to organize and interpret unfamiliar information.

schemas

A snack manufacturer finds that it must increase the salt content of its chips by 8 percent in order for a sample of consumers to notice that the chips are saltier than they were before. This example BEST illustrates the concept of a(n) _____ threshold.

difference

Malik knows that a passing bus is nearer than a parked car because the bus momentarily blocks his view of the car. This example illustrates the depth cue of:

interposition

Relative luminance MOST clearly contributes to:

lightness constancy

Dorothy is off to see the wizard of Oz. She perceives that the Yellow Brick Road converges to a point way off in the distance because of the depth cue of:

linear perspective

From the window of an office on a skyscraper's ninetieth floor, taxis on the street look tiny. However, a viewer knows they are not toy cars. This example illustrates the _____ depth cue of _____.

monocular; relative size

When people look at a photograph of an adult-child pair and are told that the two individuals are parent and child, the people tend to say the pair looks more alike than people who are told the pair are unrelated. This is MOST likely due to:

perceptual set

Lana cannot recognize faces. She has to fake knowing or recognizing people she has already met. Lana MOST likely suffers from:

prosopagnosia.

A famous Hollywood director has decided to present his latest film in 3-D. This will create a great moviegoing experience for viewers as 3-D movies exaggerate:

retinal disparity.

Carlos was just touched on his cheek, which is a(n) _____. In order for Carlos to know if he was kissed or slapped, Carlos needs a(n) _____.

sensation, perception