Mr.B

What was Napoleon's biggest mistake during those years?

The congress of Vienna

What impact did the Continental system have on the downfall of Napoleon and his Empire?

The continental system not only damaged the economy of Britain but also the nations of Europe. Napoleon did not take the problems seriously and failed to respond, this resulted in the people in his empire turning against Napoleon.

How did Great Britain come to dominate the Oceans of the World?

During the Battle of Trafalgar the British Navy, under the command of Admiral Lord Nelson defeat the combined French and Spanish Navies. This defeat meant that the British Navy was unchallenged on the worlds Oceans. His allowed the British to build its Empire with little interference from any other nation.

What prevented Napoleon from defeating the Russians?

His army was too large to be supported deep in enemy territory and the size of his army limited Napoleon's capacity for speed and mobility.

Chronicle the final years of Napoleon's career (from 1812-1815, including the key events in chronological order:

Invasion of Russia b. Destruction of Grand Army of Russia

What seven nations participated in the Congress of Vienna?

King of Prussia b. King of Bavaria c. King of Sweden, d. King of Demark, e. King of Wuttemberg, f. Emperor of Austria, g. Tsar of Russia, h. Lord Castereagh, and i. Duke of Wellington.

What European nations emerged as the new powers in the post Napoleonic Europe?

a. England, b. Austria, c. Prussia, and d. Russia

What are 4 of Napoleon's greatest accomplishments:

a. Financial/Economic i. He brought the tax collection system under control, eliminated inefficiency, waste, and corruption. ii. Established the Bank of France to provide financing to encourage trade and industrialization b. Established the Concordat of 1801 - he made amends with the Roman Catholic Church, establishing the Catholic Faith as the official religion of France c. He expanded state influence in public education. i. He created public elementary schools and secondary school called lycees ii. In 1806 established the University of France iii. Took control of Education away from the church and placed it in the hands of the secular government d. Established the Napoleonic Code: i. French law was based on two separate legal systems 1. Germanic law in Northern France and 2. The old Roman law system in the southern part of the Nation ii. Napoleon appointed a commission to organize and codify the French Law system 1. The result was the Napoleonic Code the 1st unified civil law in France, 2. became official in 1804

What contributions did von Metternich make at the Congress of Vienna?

a. He is the one individual that truly provides direction for the Congress of `kmVienna, b. He was convinced that constitutional government was bad for good government, c. He established the Continental System at the Congress of Vienna - a system that relies on a "balance of power" d. Balance of power of power meant no one nation would be allowed too much power or influence at the expense of another nation e. Europe was controlled by the aristocratic class just as it had been prior to the French Revolution.

List the problems Napoleon was facing within his Empire by 1808.

a. The Peninsular War: i. In 1808 Napoleon launched campaigns in Spain and He overthrew the Spanish Monarch Charles IV and placed his brother on the Spanish throne. ii. Small bands of Spaniards continued to resist the army of occupation. These bands of guerrillas harassed the French with everything they could, farming tools, axes, wooden sticks and even roofing tiles. iii. These forces tied up Napoleons army until 1814 iv. In 1808 A Spanish force defeated a French Army thus proving that French Soldiers could be defeated v. This war caused Napoleon to waste many men and money. b. In 1809 the Austrians ordered a war of liberation to free the German States controlled by Napoleon. This War failed and France gained over 30,000 square miles of Austria. c. Also in 1808 Napoleon face resistance from the Catholic Church. i. The Church had agreed to the Concordat of 1801 but had not agreed to the Continental system. ii. Napoleon responded by marching into the City of Rome and taking Pope Pius VII Prisoner iii. Napoleon also Annexed the Papal States iv. These heavy handed dealing with the Catholic Church caused Napoleon to lose the support of Catholic both in France and throughout Europe. d. Napoleon was having trouble with the rulers he place on thrones throughout his empire.

What did Napoleon provide France after he overthrew the Directory?

A new Constitution creating a new Government known as the Consulate.

How did Napoleon's Rise to power impact France, Europe, and the World.

Between 1799 and 1815 world history is mostly the story of Napoleon's rise and fall.

What were the Key concepts and philosophies the drove the European Leaders after the Fall of Napoleon?

. The Idea of Legitimacy, the return to pre-revolutionary states and ruling families across Europe, with the destruction of Napoleon's power, monarchs were restored to their original thrones. b. The concept of reaction - meant not only the return of dynasties and royal families, but a reestablishing of pre-revolutionary governments.

What is the Significance of Napoleon crowing himself Emperor?

As a Absolute Monarch and the Devine Right of Kings Napoleon has the Pope at the Crowing. However, he takes the Crown from the Pope and crowns himself and his wife. His signifies that he has a direct link to God and does not need the pope as an go between

What is scorched earth policy that was practiced by the Russians?

As the Russians retreated ahead of Napoleons army they destroyed everything that could be of any use to the French Army. This includes crops, buildings, animals, food supplies, and fuel

Why do your readings describe Napoleon's Empire as an "Awkward House of Cards"?

Because the Empire was held together "at the barrel of a gun" in other words Napoleon's military was the only thing keeping his empire together. He had spent most of the nation's money on his army and navy and destroyed thousands of Frenchmen's lives fighting his wars. The continental system not only damaged the economy of Britain but also the nations of Europe.

How did the vast majority of Napoleon's soldiers die in Russia?

Half of his army, 300,000, had either died in combat or taken as a Prisoner of War and another 200,000 had died of starvation, disease, and exposure.

What contributions did Tsar Alexander I make?

He discussed his enlightened ideas of liberty and liberalism b. He frightened his follow leaders with these ideas that they turned further against the idea of revolution.

What caused Napoleon's downfall in 1812?

He was overextended militarily, finically, personally. His invasion of Russia only added to the problem

Describe how Napoleon rose to power, what path did he follow?

Napoleon was born on the Island of Corsica, he attended Military school in France at the age of 9 and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant at 16. His performance at the siege of Toulon gains him the recognition of the Committee of Public Safety and a promotion to the Rank of Brigadier General. With the Directory lacking public support the Military was used to maintain power. In a Coup d'état Napoleon and others seized power. Napoleon created a new Constitution creating a government known as the Consulate.Eventually, Napoleon had himself named the 1st Council and in 1804 he declared himself the Emperor of France.

What did the Berlin Decree create?

Napoleon's Continental System.

What 2 men dominated the Congress?

Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Count Klemens von Metternich of Prussia

Describe the Continental System.

Under the Continental system the countries under Napoleon's control and those who were fearful of his Armies agreed to stop trading with Great Britain, close their ports to British shipping. Napoleon hoped to destroy Britain's economy and believed that if he was successful it would limit Britain's war fighting ability.

Where did the European meet to return to the old ways of Europe, reestablish the Status quo, the ancient regime.

Vienna

Describe Napoleon's life after 1812.

With his defeats in 1813 and 1814 Napoleon was exiled to Elba, an island in the Mediterranean and the Bourbon monarchy was restored with Louis XVIII. He escaped and made his way back to France. Upon landing in France he formed an Army and attacked an allied force in Belgium. Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815. He was sent into exile once again, this time of the Island of Helena, in the south Atlantic Ocean where he died in 1821.