Munm 3213 final

Frank Waln

His first solo album, Born Ready, was released in 2017, followed by The Bridge the same year. He has been awarded three Native American Music Awards Many of Waln's songs tackle Native American social issues.

What is Stomp dance?

Historically, stomp dancing has its roots in the Green Corn Ceremony, springtime celebrating harvest, redemption and forgiveness. Men sing stomp dance songs in a call-and-answer format, following a male song leader, who often sets the dance rhythm using a handheld turtle shell rattle.

Buffalo Bill's Wild West Shows

In 1883, Cody founded Buffalo Bill's Wild West, an outdoor attraction that toured annually. The new show contained a lot of action including wild animals, trick performances, and theatrical reenactments. All sorts of characters from the frontier were incorporated into the show's program.

Doc Tate Nevaquaya

In addition to his efforts as performer and researcher, he was also an important teacher, working among the Comanche people as well as among other American Indian tribes. He taught his three sons how to make and play the courting flute; all are committed to keeping the tradition alive and vital.

Powwow Song Structure

In both traditions, singing is performed by a group of individuals who are arrayed in a circle around a large drum. Musically, all powwow songs share the same basic formal structure, including a steady drumbeat, but southern songs have a lower vocal range and three accented drumbeats between repetitions of each verse.

Robert Mirabal

Mirabal is also an accomplished Native American flute player and maker from Taos Pueblo in New Mexico. His flutes are world renowned and have been displayed at the Smithsonian Institute's Museum of the American Indian

#MMIW

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW)

Rebel Music

Musical expression has always been powerful for expressing social commentary, cultural identity, and resistance to oppression. There have been two distinct musical movements emerging from indigenous communities that have been explored in these videos. The use different musical styles and themes to convey their messages, though both are deeply rooted in their respective cultures. As part of the series, these videos will explore the performers, origins, cultural associations, musical influences, and instrumentation of two genres of music, Smoke Songs and Rebel Music.

Elements of storytelling

Myths and Legends Creation myths-stories that explain how their tribe came to be—are one of the most well-known for Native American tribes. In creating and sharing these myths people were able to explain every day natural occurrences, as well as their own beginnings.

Naát'áaníí Means,

Nataanii is a hip hop artists from the Navajo, Oglala Lakota, and Omaha Nations. He tells the story of the forgotten people of America.

Mary Youngblood

Native American Mary Youngblood, half Seminole and half Aleut, is the first woman to professionally record the Native American Flute, and the first woman to win not just one, but two Grammy Awards for "Best Native American Music Album"

Singers

Native Americans transmit music primarily through oral tradition. Some genres, such as social dance songs, are learned informally through imitation

"Heleluyun Yvhikvres;"

"Heleluyun Yvhikvres;" Christian hymn; Leonard J. Harjo (Muscogee(Creek)) 3:33

"Jingle Dress/ Side-Step;"

"Jingle Dress/ Side-Step;" powwow competition dance song; High Noon (Cree) 3:25

"Kokopelli's Café;"

"Kokopelli's Café;" jazz; R. Carlos Nakai Quartet - Nakai (Dineh/Navajo; Ute) 3:36

"Moaning Cavern;"

"Moaning Cavern;" adult contemporary; Mary Youngblood (Aleut/Inuit; Seminole) 2:56

"Northern Traditional/

"Northern Traditional/ Sneak-Up;" Eagle Ridge; powwow competition dance song; (Lakota) 2:13

"Rattle Songs;"

"Rattle Songs;" popular contemporary; Ulali - Pura Fe (Tuscarora); Soni Moreno (Apache); Jennifer Kreisberg (Tuscarora) 4:16

"Round Dance;"

"Round Dance;" powwow social dance song; High Noon (Cree) 4:54

"Stomp Dance;"

"Stomp Dance;" stomp dance song; Wayland Gray (lead) & New Tulsa Ground (Muscogee/Creek) 5:12

Muscogee Hymns

Foley says this intertwining of African American, Native American, and European Christian influences explains the title of Harjo's documentary.

Changes - Bacone College

From 1927 to 1957, however, Bacone College changed course and pursued a new strategy of emphasizing the Indian identities of its students and projecting

Mike Cliff a.k.a "Witko"

He, along with Mike Cliff AKA Witko an indigenous street artist, born in Pine Ridge, SD are on a mission to spread the truth.

"The Pale Faced Indian" (know its musical evolution)

ethnic slur used by some native americans. "Indian Outlaw". tim mcgraw song that contains several

Acee Blue Eagle

His birth name was Alexander C. McIntosh, he also went by Chebon Ahbulah (Laughing Boy), and Lumhee Holot-Tee (Blue Eagle), and was an enrolled member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Artist, educator, dancer, and Native American flute player.

"What Makes the Red Man Red"

"What Made the Red Man Red?" is a song from the 1953 Disney animated film Peter Pan with music by Sammy Fain and lyrics by Sammy Cahn, in which "the natives tell their story through stereotypical dance while singing". Some modern audiences consider it "racist and offensive" due to its exaggerated stereotypes.

"When the Moon is Full;"

"When the Moon is Full;" Native flute courtship song; Doc Tate Nevaquaya (Comanche) 3:28

Woody Crumbo

A Pottawatomie Indian, Crumbo explores in his art the traditions and ceremonies of his own tribe as well as those of the Creek, Sioux, and Kiowa nations, and says of his work, "I have always painted with the desire of developing Indian art so that it may be judged on art standards rather on its value as a curio—I am

Mouthpiece

A block on the outside of the instrument directs the player's breath from the first chamber—called the slow air chamber—into the second chamber—called the sound chamber.

Head Singers and Host Drums

A closed Drum means the head singer has chosen the singers he wants to sing with him.

Supaman

A member of the Apsáalooke (or Crow) Nation, Supaman is energized by the movement for indigenous unity. He's also passionate about another culture: hip-hop. Drawn to parallels in the genre's stories of systematic oppression, Supaman was inspired by B-boying and the Rock City Crew, and began DJing in the '90s.

Sneak-up Dance

A ​"sneak up" is a traditional song and dance performed at a powwow. The dancers' movements recall those of past warriors who would slip behind enemy lines to launch an attack, and the traditional dance features slow steps and head movements that reflect the importance of observation, made in time with the music.

Start

All Pow Wows begins with a Grand Entry. This is when all dancers enter the circle and art is led by the Veterans and Head Dancers. An opening prayer is also said. During this time, please stand up, refrain from talking or eating, and do this at each Grand Entry

Northern Traditional (storytelling)

As Native Americans explored their land, storytelling became an important tool. It was used to pass down traditions such as local customs, how to live off the land and how to survive in the natural environment in which they lived.

Fancy Dance (know the history)

Fancy dance, Pan-Indian dancing, Fancy Feather or Fancy War Dance is a style of dance some believe was originally created by members of the Ponca Tribe in the 1920's and 1930's, in an attempt to preserve their culture and religion. It is loosely based on the war dance.

Honor Beats - what they sound like and how do the dancers honor them

At times during a song, there will be honor beats. These are louder beats in a slower tempo, and are done out of respect for the drum. There are many songs and dances in American Indian cultures. Some songs have words, (honor songs, for instance); others have "vocables," a melody to dance to.

Belo Cozad

Belo Cozad (1864-1950), a legendary Kiowa flute player, explains in this recording (before the section presented here) how the wooden flute song that he plays was obtained from an ancestor who learned it from a spirit.

Buddy Red Bow

Buddy Red Bow was born Warfield Richards in 1948 on Pine Ridge Reservation, the home of the Lakota Sioux, a warrior tribe that had produced legendary chiefs like Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull. Saunders's "Red Bow" could be interpreted as an extended metaphor for political propaganda that aims at separating social groups and breeding hatred and hostility between them for their interest

"Know Me" by Litefoot

Created a space for contemporary Native American musicians

Cultural Misappropriation

Cultural appropriation is the inappropriate or unacknowledged adoption of an element or elements of one culture or identity by members of another culture or identity. This can be especially controversial when members of a dominant culture appropriate from minority cultures

Jingle Dress (know the origin story)

During a drum ceremony, the little girl wore a dress lined in rows of silver cones made out of the lids of snuff cans. The father encouraged her to dance, and as the night wore on, her health improved. This is the origin story of the Ojibwe jingle dress.

Fancy Dance/ Ruffle;"

Fancy Dance/ Ruffle;" powwow competition dance song; Cozad (Kiowa) 1:37

Fancy

Fancy dance, Pan-Indian dancing, Fancy Feather or Fancy War Dance is a style of dance some believe was originally created by members of the Ponca Tribe in the 1920's and 1930's, in an attempt to preserve their culture and religion. It is loosely based on the war dance.

Vibrato

In some flutists vibrato occurs naturally as a result of having good breath support. Sometimes, though, vibrato can be a difficult concept for the beginning flutist, because being an internal process it is hard to grasp. It has been said that vibrato is something a performer should feel, not something to be learned.

Muscogee

In the removal treaty of 1832, Muscogee leadership exchanged the last of the cherished Muscogee ancestral homelands for new lands in Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Many of the Lower Muscogee had settled in the new homeland after the treaty of Washington in 1827.

Inez Jasper

Inez Jasper was born and raised in Chilliwack, British Columbia. She is of Sto:lo, Ojibway and Métis heritage. She is the daughter of Mark Point, a former Skowkale First Nation chief, and the niece of Steven Point, a former Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia. Inez's lyrics speak of strength, cultural roots and pride in identity. As for her music...it speaks for itself.

"Intertribal;"

Intertribal powwow social dance song; Cozad (Kiowa) 4:16

Block (also know other related terms)

It forms the roof of the flue, routing your airstream from the exit hole of the slow air chamber to the sound hole. The airstream then hits the splitting edge at the far end of the sound hole, which sets up the vibration that causes the flute to sound.

Straight/Southern Straight

It is believed that the Ponca tribe of Oklahoma created this style of dance. The Straight Dance is a formal, tailored, prestigious form of southern dance. The overall effect is of reassuring solidity, with everything closely matched and coordinated. It looks as if it is planned all at one time.

Fancy Shawl (know the history)

It is often called Northern Shawl, as it come from the Northern Tribes along the U.S. and Canadian Border. It is similar in dancing and bright colors to the Men's Fancy Dance. The ladies wear their shawls over their shoulders, and dance by jumping and spinning around, keeping time with the music.

Kevin Locke

Kevin Locke (Tokaheya Inajin in Lakota translation "First to Rise") is a world famous visionary Hoop Dancer, preeminent player of the Indigenous Northern Plains flute, traditional storyteller, cultural ambassador, recording artist and educator. Kevin is Lakota and Anishnabe.

Caporal

Los caporales dance represents the mestizo or mulatto who was the foreman of the black slaves brought to Bolivia during the colonial period. The dance of the "negritos" served as the basis for its music, which was initially based on adaptations of huaynos [huayño: another type of Bolivian folk music]

Flag Song

Many Indian tribes around the turn of the century adopted a song with which to honor the flag of the United States. The Flag Song has since been utilized by the tribes at the beginning of virtually all events in almost precisely the same manner in which mainstream America has adopted the Star Spangled Banner.

How would you describe the music? (Sounds and Form)

Men sing stomp dance songs in a call-and-answer format, following a male song leader, who often sets the dance rhythm using a handheld turtle shell rattle.

Carlos Nakai

Of Navajo-Ute heritage, R. Carlos Nakai is the world's premier performer of the Native American flute. He began his musical studies on the trumpet, but a car accident ruined his embouchure. His musical interests took a turn when he was given a traditional cedar flute as a gift and challenged to master it.

Where did it originate?

Of the modern native peoples with historical ties to Alabama, stomp dances are performed by the Creek, Cherokee, and Yuchi peoples in Oklahoma, but their dances are evocative of the dances and events that these groups performed in Alabama prior to removal in the 1830s.

Paul Goble's "love flute" - know the story and how the flute was constructed

On the fourth day the young man slept at the edge of a forest. In that half-dream state between waking and sleep, two Elk Men appeared to him, and told him that they had come to help him. "We have come to give you this flute", one said, and when he blew into the flute he carried, the sound was so beautiful that even the forest stood breathlessly listening. The Elk Man told him, "This flute is made from the wood of the cedar, because cedars grow where the winds blow. Woodpecker made these finger holes in the flute with his beak." The other Elk Man told him "All the birds and animals helped to make this flute, and their voices sing within it. When you play this flute for the girl you love, all our voices sing with you. Your music will speak the words of love that your voice alone cannot."

Buckskin

One of the oldest form of Native American Women's Dance is Buckskin. This is a dance of elegance and grace. The movement is smooth and flowing. The ladies wear fine, hand-crafted buckskin dresses, decorated with intricate bead designs. Northern dresses are fully beaded on the shoulders, or cape. This dance has evolved from the Hethuska Dances. It is believed that the Ponca tribe of American Indians created this style.

Round Dance

Originally started with the plains area tribes, the round dance has spread throughout Indian country and was started as a means to bring communities together, usually during winter months, to share songs and stories and to have fun. The round dance songs usually consist of love, loss, and humor.

Prayer Song

Origins of these Sacred Songs It is said these songs come from a collaboration between the singer and the spirits and are often inspired by the sounds of nature - a breeze through the trees, trickling stream, or the rhythm of the earth's heartbeat. Other ceremonial songs are believed to come directly from the spirits.

Side-Step

Performed at traditional pow-wows, it subsumed the earlier Women's (Kwe) Dance, taking its shuffle footwork and adding it to the repertoire of the Jingle Dance as a second distinct style. That gives the Jingle Dress Dance two dissimilar footwork styles, "straight" and "round" (also called "side-step," or "shuffle"). Women's Northern Traditional has a similar side-step style, but the tempo and beat pattern of the music for the Jingle Round Dance is unique and unrelated to any other genre of pow-wow song. If an Anishinaabeg Drum can be found, it is rare for one that is not Anishnaabeg to be invited to sing one of these songs. Most Drums, however, can sing the Traditional or straight songs that accompany the more common straight style of the jingle dance.

The Drum (what is stands for and its importance)

Regarded as a living entity, the drum is viewed simultaneously as a spiritual guardian and a musical instrument, a living tradition and a reference to a past way of life. The most important Native American instrument was, and still is, the drum, as one can tell by simply going to any powwow.

Powwow Etiquette

Remain standing and remove any hats during the entire grand entry — the master of ceremonies will announce when it begins. Do not refer to dancers' regalia (clothing) as costumes. These handcrafted outfits are given much thought, time, and expense. Do not touch a dancer's regalia without asking his or her permission.

The Offering - Mary Youngblood

She is one of the few artists known for performing on a variety of Native American flutes including multi-chambered and diatonic flutes. Heart of the World is Mary's second recording and features her melodic songs played on an assortment of these special instruments. This is an album of wonderful meditative music. No vocals. Almost entirely of the Indian Flute.

Turtle Shell Leg Rattles (know other types of instrument constructions as well)

Small turtle shell rattles are frequently used by Native Americans. However, the shells of large snapping turtles were originally used by Seneca

Materials used to make the flutes

Some materials they were made from include: various woods, bone, reed, clay, and metal. There were two main types of vertically-held flutes in the Southwest. The flutes found among the Pueblo tribes were made of bamboo or cane. There were six holes drilled into the wood, separated into groups of three.

Cozad Singers - who are they?

The Cozad Singers are a Kiowa drum group from Anadarko, Oklahoma. The group was founded by Leonard Cozad, Sr. in the 1930s, and consists of Leonard, his sons, grandsons, and other members of the family.

What is the Green Corn religion?

The Green Corn Ceremony (Busk) is an annual ceremony practiced among various Native American peoples associated with the beginning of the yearly corn harvest.

Northern Traditional

The Northern Traditional dance evokes the style of Plains Indians, their hunting parties and warriors, their Traditional outfits, and their bravery and courage as peoples of America who lived off the land long before settlers came and disrupted their ways of life.

Who dances and what dance steps are performed?

The Stomp Dance is a ceremony that contains both religious and social meaning. To the Muscogee Creeks, Cherokees, and other Southeastern Indians the Stomp Dance is affiliated with the Green Corn Ceremony. The term "Stomp Dance" is an English term, which refers to the "shuffle and stomp" movements of the dance.

Southern Men's Straight (know Helushka)

The Straight Dance, also known as Southern Straight Dance or Southern Traditional, is a style of Native American pow wow dancing. The dance recounts the story of hunting or war parties searching for the enemy. known for the smoothness and movements bestowing pride Movements highlight the dancers standing "straight up and bend down" dance steps

Importance of the eagle

The eagle is the strongest and bravest of all birds. For this reason, Native Americans have chosen the eagle and its feathers as a symbol of what is highest, bravest, strongest and holiest. In the Native American culture, eagle feathers are given to another in honor, and the feathers are worn with dignity and pride.

Push-Up

The lead singer, the first the people hear, will sing alone a phrase or a tune called lead or push-up. The rest of the group repeats the lead, this is called second. Then all the singers sing the melody (first part) and a repetition of the melody (second part) together.

Grass

The name "Grass Dance" comes from the custom. of some tribes wearing braided grass in their belts to symbolize the scalps of. their enemies. Among the Sioux, the older form of dance was called peji ipiyaka. ogna wacipi (they dance with the grass in their belts).

Head Man and Head Woman Dancers

The positions of Head Man and Head Lady Dancer are places of honor. The role of the Head Dancers is to lead off the dancing on every song. Exceptions would come for certain exhibition dances and at other times directed by the Master of Ceremonies.

Grass Dance (know the history)

The premise put forth by Wissler in his study is that Grass Dancing originated among the Pawnee circa 1840, and was first called Iruska, meaning "the fire is in me." From the Pawnee the dance spread to the Omaha, then to the Nakota (Santee), and finally to the Lakota, who named it the "Omaha Dance,' in honor of the Omaha people from whom they felt the dance originated.

Cloth

This is a regal dance of elegance and formal dance of the Pow Wow. The movement is a gentle, graceful sway in exact time to the music. The dancers carry themselves with great dignity. The belt is either silver conchos or beaded with a drag. The women also wear three other items on the belt. They are the awl case, strike a lite bag and tobacco pouch. The dancer sometimes wears a scarf and choker. The dancers dress originates from the reservation period Kiowa and Comanche camp dresses.

Tom Mauchahty Ware

Tom Mauchahty-Ware is a Kiowa-Comanche flute player and singer. He is a descendent of Belo Cozad, a well-known Kiowa flute player. He is also the son of Wilson Ware, a fancy-dance champion and powwow singer who died in 1961.

Women's Traditional (Buckskin and Cloth)

Traditional is a dance that exemplifies dignity, grace, and modesty. The women can move in several ways. Some move in a bounce style, originated by the Lakota, Dakota and Nakota of the north. Some Traditional Women dancers zigzag or sidestep in a circle around the arena, always with a bounce movement.

Where is it practiced now?

Traditional stomp dances take place at Kullihoma Grounds, which is located 10 miles east of Ada, Oklahoma, on Hwy. 1. Contact the Cultural Resources office at (580) 622-7140 for more information concerning Kullihoma stomp dances

Warble

directing the air blade slightly high over the fipple edge and further enhanced by adding support of the air column slightly compressed in the pressure chamber of the flute.

Finger holes

either five or six finger holes, but any particular instrument may have from zero to seven finger holes. The instrument may include a finger hole covered by the thumb.

Contest Powwow

is a community-sponsored, intertribal event predominated by nontribal (i.e., non-Ojibwe) dancers and singers. The dance traditions of contest powwows are those most often associated with Plains cultures.

Kokolpelli

is a fertility deity, usually depicted as a humpbacked flute player who is venerated by some Native American cultures in the Southwestern United The ancient Kokopelli represents story, growth, joy, and more to the people native to the Four Corners area.

Jingle Dress

is a prayer or medicine dance to help heal afflicted people. Most stories point to the origins among the Ojibwe of the Minnesota-Ontario boundary area, circa 1900 to 1920. Notice, the rows of decorative metal cones hang about 1 inch from the dresses and clink together as the dancer moves. The jingle-dress dance style began among the Ojibwa in the Wisconsin area around 1920, and sometime during the next decade it spread to the Sioux of North Dakota.

"Indian Outlaw"

is a song written by Tommy Barnes, Jumpin' Gene Simmons and John D. Loudermilk, and performed by American country music artist Tim McGraw.

M.C. - Master of Ceremony

is a term traditionally associated with someone who determines the forms to be observed on a public occasion, acts as host at a formal event, or is host for a program of entertainment.

La Danza De Los Voladores (know performance elements and the roles of the performers)

is an ancient Mesoamerican ceremony/ritual still performed today, albeit in modified form, in isolated pockets in Mexico. It is believed to have originated with the Nahua, Huastec and Otomi peoples in central Mexico, and then spread throughout most of Mesoamerica. The ritual consists of dance and the climbing of a 30-meter (98 ft 5 in) pole from which four of the five participants then launch themselves tied with ropes to descend to the ground.

Cultural Appropriation

is when someone from the dominant culture (i.e. the most visible and accepted culture in a society) takes aspects of an oppressed encourages everyone to see Indigenous people and culture as relics of the past, which is not just wrong.

Grand Entry

powwow. ... ancestor of the contemporary powwow's Grand Entry, during which groups of dancers follow a color guard into the arena in a predetermined sequence. The Grand Entry not only marks the beginning of the event but also motivates dancers to arrive in a timely manner, because competition points are deducted from...

Fancy Shawl

represents the opening of a cocoon when the butterfly emerges. The shawl is usually the most extravagant piece. The fringed shawls are colorful and flashy, often featuring embroidery or ribbon work. The fringe on the shawl have movement that coincides with the dancer. Origin: Ojibwe people. late 1920's the dance was given to the Lakota and it spread westward into the Dakotas and Montana.