Mus 118 Test 1

Measure

(Bar) separated by barlines that contain a certain number of beats

Muddy Waters

1913-1983 Known as the "father" of Chicago blues Traveled to Europe and performed in 1958

Harmony

2 or more melodic voices

American Bandstand

A TV show hosted by Dick Clark Featured teens dancing Dance craze hits gained popularity - "the twist" or "funky chicken"

Interlude

A brief musical passage in a song that separates the major sections. I often contains material from the intro

Twelve bar blues

A form of 12 measure that repeats the same harmony or chord progression throughout many blues songs. Question - Answer - Question model

Sweet Soul - Sam Cooke

A major figure in the development of the sweet soul style. Referred to as the king of Soul Crossed over from Gospel to pop His "A change is gonna come" became an anthem for the civil rights movement

Beat

A regular, rhythmic pulse. Organized into measures / bars to create meter

Doo Wop progression

A repeating harmonic pattern of I - VI - IV - V found mostly in the 50's

Playlet

A short, theatrical song often with a humorous story "Yakety Yak" or "Down in Mexico"

Melody

A single, melodic voice

Music Factory

A term used to describe a team of songwriters, producers and musicians all working to crank out the next big thing Brill building and Aldon publishing in NY formed this style

Splatter Platters

AKA "Death discs" Dramatic songs portraying teen death and romance gone bad "Dead mans curve", "Teen Angel" Shangri Las made the narrative "Leader of the Pack"

String instruments

Bowed - Violin, viola, cello, bass Plucked - harp, guitar, banjo, mandolin

The pre-chorus

Brief section between the verse and chorus. Sometimes called the "lift", "channel","climb", or "set-up" Has different melody or harmony than other parts of the song

Chuck Berry B.1926

Early rocker and singer/songwriter Known for his showmanship and "duck walk" Discovered in St Louis by Muddy Waters Music was geared towards average teen

Meter

Establishes how the beats are organized in each measure.

Girl groups

Female groups of the early 60's were compromised of young girls with great voices and little experience Often times they were replaceable Ex: The shirelles, Dixie Cops, The crystals

Musical Gap 1959 - 1964

From Elvis to the Beatles - time of transition Corporate music industry takes control Folk is a response to this

Les Paul

Guitarist and arranger who worked with Mary Ford. An inventor - one of the first to experiment w the solid body guitar Is credited with inventing overdubbing

Buddy Holly

Guitarist, singer, songwriter His style blended all types of music into a more pop feel He and his band "the crickets" had the standard rock band set up of 2 guitars a bass and drums Died at 22 in a plane crash

Rhythm

How sound is organized in time

Form

How the song is organized structurally

Ben E. King

Important early figure in "sweet soul" as a singer with the Drifters Heavily influenced by Sam Cooke Worked with Leiber and Stoller during the 60's Popular songs include "Stand by Me" and "there goes my baby"

Timbre

Instrumentation of a song

The verse

It tells the story. Gives info that leads into or sets up the chorus. Sets the emotional tone

Payola Scandal

Legal and political proceeding that involved record companies paying disc jockeys to play their label on their station FCC determined it was legal as long as it was documented, taxed and acknowledged on air

Precursors to rock

Mainstream pop - happy, wholesome. Mostly marketed towards middle, white class Country and Western - Nashville was the center, Grand ole Opry was a major show on the radio/TV featuring this music, marketed towards rural, low income whites Rhythm and blues - Centers were Memphis and Chicago, mostly marketed and consumed by blacks, influences of jazz and gospel music

Fats Domino

New Orleans based early rocker Singer and pianist Had 5 gold records More widespread success than his contemporaries perhaps due to his warm persona

Refrain

Often occurs in a verse, but it is too short to be a separate section of a song. Usually contains the title of the song

Hank Williams

One of the most popular country and western musicians during the 50's Regular at the Grand Ole Opry Died at age 29

The day the music died

Phrase coined by Don McLean about a series of events that occurred in the late 50's Buddy Holly and 2 other famous musicians died in a plane crash Little Richard left music to become a priest Elvis was drafted Chuck Berry was arrested

Little Richard B.1932

Pianist, singer and songwriter Inspired by Fats Domino Known for his flamboyant, "wild man" persona "Tutti Fruti" Blacks and whites often would end up dancing together by the end of his shows

Pat Boone

Pop vocalist/guitarist, based in Nashville One of the top grossing artists of the 50's Covered songs by Fats Domino and Little Richard - they were as popular as the originals

Peter, Paul and Mary

Popular folk trio of the sixties Refined covers of other Folk musicians songs that were more popular than originals Advocated for the civil rights movement- played at the March on Washington

Elvis

Read section on Elvis in notes

The bridge

Relatively short section of contrast and new perspective or new info. Usually in a different key than the rest of the song along w different melody and harmony. Usually leads back to the chorus

Percussion

Standard - Drums, tambourine, gong Pitched - xylophone, marimba, timpani, piano, etc.

Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller

Successful songwriting team, wrote songs like "Hound Dog" and "Jailhouse Rock" Produced out of the Brill Building for Capital records

Phil Spector

Successful, eccentric, producer in the 60's Started under Lieber and Stoller Known for using a myriad of instruments to create his "wall of sound" Used a "wrecking crew" of studio musicians

The chorus

The catchy, repetitious part of the song that you sing along with. Summarizes the ideas and emotions of the song. Remains the same throughout the song

The folk response

The college generation - tired of bubblegum pop Subject in songs contained more substance Storytellers, sincere and homegrown

4/4

The most common meter (time signature). The number on the top indicates how many beats per measure

Rise of the producer

They oversee the production of a recording of a band or performer's music. They decide on things like Musical arrangement, people involved in the recording, recording techniques and equipment used

AABA

Verses and bridge based on different music

Simple verse - chorus

Verses and chorus based on the same music

Contrasting verse - chorus

Verses and choruses based on different music

Important events - 20's, 30's, and 40's

WW1 Stock market crash WW2

Wind instruments

Woodwinds - flute, reed instruments (clarinet / oboe) Brass - Trumpet, trombone, tuba, etc.

Simple verse form

a series of verses using the same underlying music. No chorus or bridge, but it may have a refrain