Mus 118 Test 1
Measure
(Bar) separated by barlines that contain a certain number of beats
Muddy Waters
1913-1983 Known as the "father" of Chicago blues Traveled to Europe and performed in 1958
Harmony
2 or more melodic voices
American Bandstand
A TV show hosted by Dick Clark Featured teens dancing Dance craze hits gained popularity - "the twist" or "funky chicken"
Interlude
A brief musical passage in a song that separates the major sections. I often contains material from the intro
Twelve bar blues
A form of 12 measure that repeats the same harmony or chord progression throughout many blues songs. Question - Answer - Question model
Sweet Soul - Sam Cooke
A major figure in the development of the sweet soul style. Referred to as the king of Soul Crossed over from Gospel to pop His "A change is gonna come" became an anthem for the civil rights movement
Beat
A regular, rhythmic pulse. Organized into measures / bars to create meter
Doo Wop progression
A repeating harmonic pattern of I - VI - IV - V found mostly in the 50's
Playlet
A short, theatrical song often with a humorous story "Yakety Yak" or "Down in Mexico"
Melody
A single, melodic voice
Music Factory
A term used to describe a team of songwriters, producers and musicians all working to crank out the next big thing Brill building and Aldon publishing in NY formed this style
Splatter Platters
AKA "Death discs" Dramatic songs portraying teen death and romance gone bad "Dead mans curve", "Teen Angel" Shangri Las made the narrative "Leader of the Pack"
String instruments
Bowed - Violin, viola, cello, bass Plucked - harp, guitar, banjo, mandolin
The pre-chorus
Brief section between the verse and chorus. Sometimes called the "lift", "channel","climb", or "set-up" Has different melody or harmony than other parts of the song
Chuck Berry B.1926
Early rocker and singer/songwriter Known for his showmanship and "duck walk" Discovered in St Louis by Muddy Waters Music was geared towards average teen
Meter
Establishes how the beats are organized in each measure.
Girl groups
Female groups of the early 60's were compromised of young girls with great voices and little experience Often times they were replaceable Ex: The shirelles, Dixie Cops, The crystals
Musical Gap 1959 - 1964
From Elvis to the Beatles - time of transition Corporate music industry takes control Folk is a response to this
Les Paul
Guitarist and arranger who worked with Mary Ford. An inventor - one of the first to experiment w the solid body guitar Is credited with inventing overdubbing
Buddy Holly
Guitarist, singer, songwriter His style blended all types of music into a more pop feel He and his band "the crickets" had the standard rock band set up of 2 guitars a bass and drums Died at 22 in a plane crash
Rhythm
How sound is organized in time
Form
How the song is organized structurally
Ben E. King
Important early figure in "sweet soul" as a singer with the Drifters Heavily influenced by Sam Cooke Worked with Leiber and Stoller during the 60's Popular songs include "Stand by Me" and "there goes my baby"
Timbre
Instrumentation of a song
The verse
It tells the story. Gives info that leads into or sets up the chorus. Sets the emotional tone
Payola Scandal
Legal and political proceeding that involved record companies paying disc jockeys to play their label on their station FCC determined it was legal as long as it was documented, taxed and acknowledged on air
Precursors to rock
Mainstream pop - happy, wholesome. Mostly marketed towards middle, white class Country and Western - Nashville was the center, Grand ole Opry was a major show on the radio/TV featuring this music, marketed towards rural, low income whites Rhythm and blues - Centers were Memphis and Chicago, mostly marketed and consumed by blacks, influences of jazz and gospel music
Fats Domino
New Orleans based early rocker Singer and pianist Had 5 gold records More widespread success than his contemporaries perhaps due to his warm persona
Refrain
Often occurs in a verse, but it is too short to be a separate section of a song. Usually contains the title of the song
Hank Williams
One of the most popular country and western musicians during the 50's Regular at the Grand Ole Opry Died at age 29
The day the music died
Phrase coined by Don McLean about a series of events that occurred in the late 50's Buddy Holly and 2 other famous musicians died in a plane crash Little Richard left music to become a priest Elvis was drafted Chuck Berry was arrested
Little Richard B.1932
Pianist, singer and songwriter Inspired by Fats Domino Known for his flamboyant, "wild man" persona "Tutti Fruti" Blacks and whites often would end up dancing together by the end of his shows
Pat Boone
Pop vocalist/guitarist, based in Nashville One of the top grossing artists of the 50's Covered songs by Fats Domino and Little Richard - they were as popular as the originals
Peter, Paul and Mary
Popular folk trio of the sixties Refined covers of other Folk musicians songs that were more popular than originals Advocated for the civil rights movement- played at the March on Washington
Elvis
Read section on Elvis in notes
The bridge
Relatively short section of contrast and new perspective or new info. Usually in a different key than the rest of the song along w different melody and harmony. Usually leads back to the chorus
Percussion
Standard - Drums, tambourine, gong Pitched - xylophone, marimba, timpani, piano, etc.
Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller
Successful songwriting team, wrote songs like "Hound Dog" and "Jailhouse Rock" Produced out of the Brill Building for Capital records
Phil Spector
Successful, eccentric, producer in the 60's Started under Lieber and Stoller Known for using a myriad of instruments to create his "wall of sound" Used a "wrecking crew" of studio musicians
The chorus
The catchy, repetitious part of the song that you sing along with. Summarizes the ideas and emotions of the song. Remains the same throughout the song
The folk response
The college generation - tired of bubblegum pop Subject in songs contained more substance Storytellers, sincere and homegrown
4/4
The most common meter (time signature). The number on the top indicates how many beats per measure
Rise of the producer
They oversee the production of a recording of a band or performer's music. They decide on things like Musical arrangement, people involved in the recording, recording techniques and equipment used
AABA
Verses and bridge based on different music
Simple verse - chorus
Verses and chorus based on the same music
Contrasting verse - chorus
Verses and choruses based on different music
Important events - 20's, 30's, and 40's
WW1 Stock market crash WW2
Wind instruments
Woodwinds - flute, reed instruments (clarinet / oboe) Brass - Trumpet, trombone, tuba, etc.
Simple verse form
a series of verses using the same underlying music. No chorus or bridge, but it may have a refrain