Musculoskeletal
Total bones in body
206
The treatment of contusions, strains, and sprains consists of intermittent application of moist or dry cold packs for up to _____ hours after injury.
72
Which statement is false about magnetic resonance imaging?
A. Credit cards with magnetic strips may be erasedB. Nonremovable cochlear implant devices can become inoperableC. Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauzeD. Jewelry and hair clips must be removed before the MRI is performed
How often must the nurse inspect the traction pin site for signs of inflammation & evidence of infection?
A.8 hours The nurse must inspect the traction pin site for signs of inflammation & evidence of infection at least every 8 hours.
What is atrophy?
A.Shrinkage-like decrease in the size of the muscleB.Fluid-filled sac found in connective tissueC.Rhythmic contraction of muscleD.Grating or crackling sound or sensation
is the movement of LIMB OR structure toward the limb
ADDUCTION
diagnostic test that visualize internal structure of joint
ARTROSCOPY
_________is the loss of skeletal muscle mass that can be caused by immobility, aging, malnutrition, medications, or a wide range of injuries or diseases that impact the musculoskeletal or nervous system.
ATROPHY
Remove constriction◦Elevate to the level of the heart◦Measure compartment pressure◦Normal is 0 to 8 mm Hg◦30-40 mm Hg-suggestive of ischemia◦Anticipate fasciotomy
Compartment Syndrome-Interventions
diagnostic test for bone density, osteoporosis
DEXA dual energy xray absorpsiometry
articular surfaces of the joint are not in contact◦A traumatic dislocation is an emergency with pain change in contour, axis, and length of the limb and loss of mobility
Dislocation
What is the rationale for ordering bone density testing of the hip in this patient?
Hip and spine bone density considered most accurate.
How should the nurse explain the patient's decreasing height?
Loss of vertebral cartilage and osteoporosis-related fractures
When the patient arrives, the nurse correlates the "kyphosis" with what physical finding? What causes kyphosis in the older adult?
Roundness in the thoracic curve
T or F Bone are constant turn over
True
How does the nurse interpret "limited circumduction"?
Unable to move the arm in a circle around the shoulder
The chest x-ray of a patient with fat embolism syndrome may show nothing of significance or there may be evidence of the classic __________ infiltrate.
White Out/ Snowstorm
is the movement that pulls a structure away from the midline
abduction
Medications not originally for pain◦Effective with analgesics◦Antiemetics◦Anxiolytics◦Antidepressants◦Anticonvulsants
adjuvant
joints that allow limited movement
amphiarthrosis
muscle tone that is paralized, no movement
atonic
minerals found in bone
calcium
active ROM
carried out by the nurse, pt.
passive ROM
carried out by the patient himself
dislocated shoulder
close reduction
A fracture with no break in the skin is a
close/ simple fracture
opioid effective for bone repair
codeine
fracture bone split into pieces
combonuted fracture
fracture damage all the way to bone
complete fracture
what causes movement of muschle
contraction
______ blunt force injury to soft tissue
contusion
A crumbling sensation (caused by the rubbing of bone fragments against each other), called __________ can be felt when gently palpating an extremity fracture.
crepitus
grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue
crepitus
_________ prolongation of expected healing time
delayed union
joints that are freely movable
diarthrosis
______caused by sudden trauma on the joint like an impact or fall. can cause damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves
dislocation
part of long bone that is the growth plate bone forming cell
distal epiphysis/ or end of long bone
laboratory studies for musculoskeletal diagnosis
electrolytes, myoglobin
diagnostic test that determine electrical potential in muscle
electromyography
A second-degree strain occurs when a ligament is completely torn or ruptured.
false
surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle
fastiotomy ( compartment syndrome)
long bone fracture complications
fat embolism
muscle tone that is weak
flaccid
name 3 types of muscle tone
flaccid, spastic, atonic
bones in skull and sternum, hematopoiesis and protection
flat bones
Although pulmonary complications, fat emboli, thromboembolic complications, and infection are all possible complications of unstable pelvic fractures, the high mortality rate is primarily related to ______________.
hemorhage
__________________ involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in size of its component cells
hypertrophy
fracture damage partial to bone
incomplete
bones found in jaw, vertebrae, movement and protection
irregular bones
biggest join found in
knee / hinge joint
forward rounding of the back. It can occur at any age but is most common in older women.
kyphosis( osteoporosis)
Epiphysis is the bone-forming cell t or f
lFalseEpiphysis is the end of a long bone. Osteoblast is a bone-forming cell
sprain affect_____
ligament
unable to move arm in a circle
limited circumduction
what bones found in upper lower extremities for weight bearing and movement
long bone
Inward curve of the spine
loridosis
strains affect_____
muscle and tendon
diagnostic test to detect tumor, fracture, bone disease, inject radioactive material 4-6 hr
nuclear scan
fracture with skin broken
open/ compact
______ collapes bone/ function in destroying, resorbing and remodelling bone
osteo CLASTs
__________ custodian of bone, mature bone cells function in bone maintenance
osteo CYTES
_______ build bone. function in bone formation
osteoBLAST
Bone cells include
osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes
process of bone formation
osteogenesis
6 P's of neurovascular assessment
pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis
knee cap
patella
limb pain is described as a sensation that an amputated extremity is still present but is cramped or in an abnormal position.
phantom
function of muscular system
protect vital organs mobility movement facilitate return of blood to heart production of blood cells ( hematopoiesis) reservoir immature blood cells reservoir vital minerals
RICE stands for
rest, ice, compression, elevation
sideways curvature of the spine
scoliosis
what bones found in ankle and hands, movement
short bones
muscle tone that cant control, jerking, parkinsons
spastic
excess stretch of ligament
sprain
______ excess stretch or pulling of muscle or tendon
strains
soft tissue injury
strains and sprains
regulating factors for bone resorption and formation
stress/weigth bearing vitamin d parathyroid PTH calcitonin blood supply role of calcium( bone mass)
deformed position of the finger, in which the joint closest to the fingertip is permanently bent toward the palm while the nearest joint to the palm is bent away from it (DIP flexion with PIP hyperextension). It is commonly caused by injury or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis
swan neck
joints that are immovable
synarthrosis
muscles are attached to bones by _____
tendons
Bone is in a constant state of turnover
true
Closed reduction is an acute care management intervention for a dislocated shoulder.
true
T or F bones made of cells, protein , matrix and mineral deposit
true
T or F older adults bone are demineralize ( lose mineral content)
true
The patient with a rotator cuff tear experiences pain and difficulty when performing activities that involve raising the arms about shoulder level.
true
True of false- testing for crepitus can produce further tissue damage and should be avoided
true
With an open fracture, the wound should be covered with a sterile dressing and no attempt should be made to reduce the fracture.
true
t or f dislocation and open fracture should not attempt to reduce fracture
true
The nurse must never remove weights from skeletal traction unless a life-threatening situation occurs
true The nurse must never remove weights from skeletal traction unless a life-threatening situation occurs. Removal of the weights completely defeats their purpose & may result in injury to the patient.
close, simple, open, compact, complete, incomplete, combonuted, comopression
types of bone fracture
chest xray seen for fat embolism
white out/snowstorm infiltrate