Musculoskeletal

Total bones in body

206

The treatment of contusions, strains, and sprains consists of intermittent application of moist or dry cold packs for up to _____ hours after injury.

72

Which statement is false about magnetic resonance imaging?

A. Credit cards with magnetic strips may be erasedB. Nonremovable cochlear implant devices can become inoperableC. Transdermal patches that have a thin layer of aluminized back must be covered with gauzeD. Jewelry and hair clips must be removed before the MRI is performed

How often must the nurse inspect the traction pin site for signs of inflammation & evidence of infection?

A.8 hours The nurse must inspect the traction pin site for signs of inflammation & evidence of infection at least every 8 hours.

What is atrophy?

A.Shrinkage-like decrease in the size of the muscleB.Fluid-filled sac found in connective tissueC.Rhythmic contraction of muscleD.Grating or crackling sound or sensation

is the movement of LIMB OR structure toward the limb

ADDUCTION

diagnostic test that visualize internal structure of joint

ARTROSCOPY

_________is the loss of skeletal muscle mass that can be caused by immobility, aging, malnutrition, medications, or a wide range of injuries or diseases that impact the musculoskeletal or nervous system.

ATROPHY

Remove constriction◦Elevate to the level of the heart◦Measure compartment pressure◦Normal is 0 to 8 mm Hg◦30-40 mm Hg-suggestive of ischemia◦Anticipate fasciotomy

Compartment Syndrome-Interventions

diagnostic test for bone density, osteoporosis

DEXA dual energy xray absorpsiometry

articular surfaces of the joint are not in contact◦A traumatic dislocation is an emergency with pain change in contour, axis, and length of the limb and loss of mobility

Dislocation

What is the rationale for ordering bone density testing of the hip in this patient?

Hip and spine bone density considered most accurate.

How should the nurse explain the patient's decreasing height?

Loss of vertebral cartilage and osteoporosis-related fractures

When the patient arrives, the nurse correlates the "kyphosis" with what physical finding? What causes kyphosis in the older adult?

Roundness in the thoracic curve

T or F Bone are constant turn over

True

How does the nurse interpret "limited circumduction"?

Unable to move the arm in a circle around the shoulder

The chest x-ray of a patient with fat embolism syndrome may show nothing of significance or there may be evidence of the classic __________ infiltrate.

White Out/ Snowstorm

is the movement that pulls a structure away from the midline

abduction

Medications not originally for pain◦Effective with analgesics◦Antiemetics◦Anxiolytics◦Antidepressants◦Anticonvulsants

adjuvant

joints that allow limited movement

amphiarthrosis

muscle tone that is paralized, no movement

atonic

minerals found in bone

calcium

active ROM

carried out by the nurse, pt.

passive ROM

carried out by the patient himself

dislocated shoulder

close reduction

A fracture with no break in the skin is a

close/ simple fracture

opioid effective for bone repair

codeine

fracture bone split into pieces

combonuted fracture

fracture damage all the way to bone

complete fracture

what causes movement of muschle

contraction

______ blunt force injury to soft tissue

contusion

A crumbling sensation (caused by the rubbing of bone fragments against each other), called __________ can be felt when gently palpating an extremity fracture.

crepitus

grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue

crepitus

_________ prolongation of expected healing time

delayed union

joints that are freely movable

diarthrosis

______caused by sudden trauma on the joint like an impact or fall. can cause damage to the surrounding ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves

dislocation

part of long bone that is the growth plate bone forming cell

distal epiphysis/ or end of long bone

laboratory studies for musculoskeletal diagnosis

electrolytes, myoglobin

diagnostic test that determine electrical potential in muscle

electromyography

A second-degree strain occurs when a ligament is completely torn or ruptured.

false

surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle

fastiotomy ( compartment syndrome)

long bone fracture complications

fat embolism

muscle tone that is weak

flaccid

name 3 types of muscle tone

flaccid, spastic, atonic

bones in skull and sternum, hematopoiesis and protection

flat bones

Although pulmonary complications, fat emboli, thromboembolic complications, and infection are all possible complications of unstable pelvic fractures, the high mortality rate is primarily related to ______________.

hemorhage

__________________ involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in size of its component cells

hypertrophy

fracture damage partial to bone

incomplete

bones found in jaw, vertebrae, movement and protection

irregular bones

biggest join found in

knee / hinge joint

forward rounding of the back. It can occur at any age but is most common in older women.

kyphosis( osteoporosis)

Epiphysis is the bone-forming cell t or f

lFalseEpiphysis is the end of a long bone. Osteoblast is a bone-forming cell

sprain affect_____

ligament

unable to move arm in a circle

limited circumduction

what bones found in upper lower extremities for weight bearing and movement

long bone

Inward curve of the spine

loridosis

strains affect_____

muscle and tendon

diagnostic test to detect tumor, fracture, bone disease, inject radioactive material 4-6 hr

nuclear scan

fracture with skin broken

open/ compact

______ collapes bone/ function in destroying, resorbing and remodelling bone

osteo CLASTs

__________ custodian of bone, mature bone cells function in bone maintenance

osteo CYTES

_______ build bone. function in bone formation

osteoBLAST

Bone cells include

osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

process of bone formation

osteogenesis

6 P's of neurovascular assessment

pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis

knee cap

patella

limb pain is described as a sensation that an amputated extremity is still present but is cramped or in an abnormal position.

phantom

function of muscular system

protect vital organs mobility movement facilitate return of blood to heart production of blood cells ( hematopoiesis) reservoir immature blood cells reservoir vital minerals

RICE stands for

rest, ice, compression, elevation

sideways curvature of the spine

scoliosis

what bones found in ankle and hands, movement

short bones

muscle tone that cant control, jerking, parkinsons

spastic

excess stretch of ligament

sprain

______ excess stretch or pulling of muscle or tendon

strains

soft tissue injury

strains and sprains

regulating factors for bone resorption and formation

stress/weigth bearing vitamin d parathyroid PTH calcitonin blood supply role of calcium( bone mass)

deformed position of the finger, in which the joint closest to the fingertip is permanently bent toward the palm while the nearest joint to the palm is bent away from it (DIP flexion with PIP hyperextension). It is commonly caused by injury or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis

swan neck

joints that are immovable

synarthrosis

muscles are attached to bones by _____

tendons

Bone is in a constant state of turnover

true

Closed reduction is an acute care management intervention for a dislocated shoulder.

true

T or F bones made of cells, protein , matrix and mineral deposit

true

T or F older adults bone are demineralize ( lose mineral content)

true

The patient with a rotator cuff tear experiences pain and difficulty when performing activities that involve raising the arms about shoulder level.

true

True of false- testing for crepitus can produce further tissue damage and should be avoided

true

With an open fracture, the wound should be covered with a sterile dressing and no attempt should be made to reduce the fracture.

true

t or f dislocation and open fracture should not attempt to reduce fracture

true

The nurse must never remove weights from skeletal traction unless a life-threatening situation occurs

true The nurse must never remove weights from skeletal traction unless a life-threatening situation occurs. Removal of the weights completely defeats their purpose & may result in injury to the patient.

close, simple, open, compact, complete, incomplete, combonuted, comopression

types of bone fracture

chest xray seen for fat embolism

white out/snowstorm infiltrate