Music as a World Phenomenon
Bipa instrument
introduced into Korea from Central Asia; one of the most important 3-stringed instruments during Unified Silla period (668-935); 5 strings plucked w/ finger picks
Ajaeng instrument
introduced into Korea from china; 7 strings played w/wooden bow; originally used in ensemble
Bonang instrument
musical instrument used in Javanese gamelan; collection of small gongs placed horizontally into strings in a wooden frame
Reed-Free Instrument
no reed in the instrument
xylophone
opposite of metallphone; wooden keys
melody
organization of pitches/notes in a given intervallic patten
Komungo instrument
originally had 4 strings and then converted into 6 strings of twisted silk (the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th strings are stretched over 16 moveable bridges); preferred zither of the Gorguryo kingdom 37BC-668AD
organum
parallel movement
Camouflage
practice common among enslaved African-Americans where they concealed a prohibited activity with the accepted one.
reinterpretation
process of attributing new functions to an old structures; theory is widely applied to the study of surviving musical instruments from one culture to another
assimilation
process through which a cultural element or a musical instrument is submitted before it is fully accepted by a society
rhythmic pattern
unit of time composed of various note value that is repeated throughout a composition
aerophone
Any instrument-such as a flute or trumpet-whose sound is generated by a vibrating column of air.
So Sam SI
Same morphology w/middle eastern rebab/belongs to family of spike fiddles; long neck w/o sound board; 3 bowed strings and requires special tequnique for bowing
Khong Wong instrument
Thailand- hammered melodic instrument that performs main melody or harmonized w/main melody; found in Mahori and Piphat ensembles
Ching instrument
Thailand- pair of hand-held cymbals made of bronze material; fulfills role of conductor in ensemble; indicates the movement of the piece w/the number of strokes per measure
Ranat Ek instrument
Thailand- prominent idiophone instrument in all classical ensembles and the accompaniment of narratives; plays main melody at higher register; capable of improv and ornamentation
Kabuki
Japan- all female actors are played as male actors known as Onagata; orchestra composed of several melodic and percussive instruments that accompany singing and performs between acts and during the intermission
Gagaku
Japan- designed to be performed at a court for a philosophic, moral, or religious purpose
Sho instrument
Japan- free-reed instrument w/17 bamboo pipes requiring circular breathing; important instrument in Japanese court music called Gagaku
Shamisen instrument
Japan-3 strings plucked w/large ivory pick; introduced into Japan from China 1562; including narratives and associated w/the artistic activities of Geisha (female artists); plays in trio ensemble; sound box is covered w/domestic animal skin ( dog,cat)
Shakuhachi instrument
Japan-traditional bamboo flute associated w/religious monks; considered to be instrument for meditation
Bugaku
Japanese court dances accompanied by court music (gagaku), where dancers often wear elaborate masks; blue and green colors represent Korean influence
three types of narratives in Japan
Kabuki, Unaraku, Noh
Janggu instrument
Korean Instrument- double headed drum w/hourglass frame; stricken with 2 sticks
Piri Instrument
Korean double-reed instrument used in both folk and classical (court) music
Pansori Narrative
Korean genre of musical storytelling performed by a singer and a drummer
Buk instrument
Korean- shallow barell-shaped double headed drum with rounded wooden frame; used in court and folk music; only instrument to accompany the narrative Pansori; struck w/stick and hand
Angklung instrument
Thailand-idiophone made of various bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame; shaken to produce a sound; alone this is not an instrument
Ranat Thum instrument
Thailand-prominent idiophone instrument in all classical ensembles and the accompaniment of narratives; accompaniment of the main melody at a lower register; capable of improv and ornamentation
interval
The distance between two notes
Fiddle
and chordophone that is bowed to produce the sound, such as european violin and viola
zither
any chordophone that is played horizontally such as the santur, koto, etc
metallphone
any idiophone w/metal keys
Khaen instrument
bamboo free-reed areophone Northeast Thailand; 16 bamboo pipes are arranged in 2 rows in 8; need cicular breathing teqnique;
Harp
chordophone played by plucking the strings toward the player as in the case of the kora instrument
Lute
chordphone that is held like a guitar, banjo, ud, and pipa belong to this family
beat
crossing of sound waves emitted by 2 closely related pitches
polyphony
different movement several voices (think motzart)
Kabuki
evolved human actors who can speak; painted faces
Noh
evolved human actors who speak; masks; fairytale; has ensemble on stage
double-reed
here the reed functions in the similar manner as the single-reed but with 2 slightly separate blades
tempo
indicates how slow or fast a composition is performed
Gong, Ageng instrument
indonesia- pair of the largest gongs in the Colotomic (rhythmic) section of the gamelan; 16 beat cycle; believed to emit deep and rich sound w/13 or more accoustic beats
free- reed instruments
instrument that produces sound as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame
Jache instrument
11-12 frets made of bamboo,ivory,bone, or wood, affixed to the board w/wax or glue
Kayagum or Kayakeum Instrument
12 strings stretched over 12 moveable bridges; strings are flicked and plucked with fingers and nails; originated 16th century Korea
harmony
2+ pitches produced at the same time
Sanjo Ajaeng instument
8 strings, folk music ad shamen ensembles
membranophone
A category of musical instruments in which the sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched membrane, as in a drum
Suling Instrument
Indonesia- end-blown flute
Borobuhur
Indonesia- plentitude of islanic instruments on relif panels on Borbudur walls which shows the importance of Islamic influence on Indian music
Wayang Kuilt Narrative
Indonesia- puppet shadow play
wayang golek Narrative
Indonesia- puppet theatre sometimes combined with human characters
Kendhang instrument
Indonesia-double-headed membranophone; in gamelan it gives rhythmic cues to indicate sections of a piece
Gamelan Instrument
Indonesia-melodic gong, large
Gender Instrument
Indonesia-multi-octave metallophone played in the loud and fast section of the Central Javanese gamelan to embellish the main theme; 12-14 thin bronze keys suspended over individual tube resonators; played with mallet
Kecak
Indonsia-Balinese dance and rhythmic chant depicting the battle from the Hindu epic 'Ramayana' where the people play the role of monkeys to rescue Princess Sita from Ravana
chordophone
Instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string stretched between two points; the string may be set in motion by bowing, striking, or plucking.
lyre
a chordophone plucked side-to-side as in the case of the Cupids Harp, or the African krar
idiophone
an instrument the whole of which vibrates to produce a sound when struck, shaken, or scraped, such as a bell, gong, or rattle.
Danso instrument
korean flute specifically made for folk music and can be also found in plastic modern-day. Pitch is one octave higher played then written.
Daegeum instrument
large bamboo flute used in traditional Korean music as well as folk
Unaraku
life sized doll that is manipulated by three people & dolls don't speak; warriors and samurai
pitch
rate of vibration per second of any sound
single-reed
reed installed into the mouthpiece, serve to trigger the vibration of the column of air that produces the sound
meter
regular division of time in a given measure
heterophone
same movement several voices
monophony
single voice movement
sonic level
sound waves of music production: pitch, note, interval, melody, harmony, polyphony, heterophony
temporal level
the beat at which we experience music: meter, tempo, rhythmic pattern, zone of cultural interaction, reinterpretation, assimilation, camouflage, metallphone, xylophone
Hagaeguem instrument
traditional Korean fiddle; played vertically w/bow fixed between two silk strings; melodic instrument in Korean court, chambers, and folk music ensembles; introduced into Korea from China during Koryo period (918-1392)
note
visual representation of the pitch; we hear the pitch and see the note
Zone of Cultural Interaction
zone in which a cultural element is shared by its habitants (musical instrument, religious belief, language, etc)