Music as a World Phenomenon

Bipa instrument

introduced into Korea from Central Asia; one of the most important 3-stringed instruments during Unified Silla period (668-935); 5 strings plucked w/ finger picks

Ajaeng instrument

introduced into Korea from china; 7 strings played w/wooden bow; originally used in ensemble

Bonang instrument

musical instrument used in Javanese gamelan; collection of small gongs placed horizontally into strings in a wooden frame

Reed-Free Instrument

no reed in the instrument

xylophone

opposite of metallphone; wooden keys

melody

organization of pitches/notes in a given intervallic patten

Komungo instrument

originally had 4 strings and then converted into 6 strings of twisted silk (the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th strings are stretched over 16 moveable bridges); preferred zither of the Gorguryo kingdom 37BC-668AD

organum

parallel movement

Camouflage

practice common among enslaved African-Americans where they concealed a prohibited activity with the accepted one.

reinterpretation

process of attributing new functions to an old structures; theory is widely applied to the study of surviving musical instruments from one culture to another

assimilation

process through which a cultural element or a musical instrument is submitted before it is fully accepted by a society

rhythmic pattern

unit of time composed of various note value that is repeated throughout a composition

aerophone

Any instrument-such as a flute or trumpet-whose sound is generated by a vibrating column of air.

So Sam SI

Same morphology w/middle eastern rebab/belongs to family of spike fiddles; long neck w/o sound board; 3 bowed strings and requires special tequnique for bowing

Khong Wong instrument

Thailand- hammered melodic instrument that performs main melody or harmonized w/main melody; found in Mahori and Piphat ensembles

Ching instrument

Thailand- pair of hand-held cymbals made of bronze material; fulfills role of conductor in ensemble; indicates the movement of the piece w/the number of strokes per measure

Ranat Ek instrument

Thailand- prominent idiophone instrument in all classical ensembles and the accompaniment of narratives; plays main melody at higher register; capable of improv and ornamentation

Kabuki

Japan- all female actors are played as male actors known as Onagata; orchestra composed of several melodic and percussive instruments that accompany singing and performs between acts and during the intermission

Gagaku

Japan- designed to be performed at a court for a philosophic, moral, or religious purpose

Sho instrument

Japan- free-reed instrument w/17 bamboo pipes requiring circular breathing; important instrument in Japanese court music called Gagaku

Shamisen instrument

Japan-3 strings plucked w/large ivory pick; introduced into Japan from China 1562; including narratives and associated w/the artistic activities of Geisha (female artists); plays in trio ensemble; sound box is covered w/domestic animal skin ( dog,cat)

Shakuhachi instrument

Japan-traditional bamboo flute associated w/religious monks; considered to be instrument for meditation

Bugaku

Japanese court dances accompanied by court music (gagaku), where dancers often wear elaborate masks; blue and green colors represent Korean influence

three types of narratives in Japan

Kabuki, Unaraku, Noh

Janggu instrument

Korean Instrument- double headed drum w/hourglass frame; stricken with 2 sticks

Piri Instrument

Korean double-reed instrument used in both folk and classical (court) music

Pansori Narrative

Korean genre of musical storytelling performed by a singer and a drummer

Buk instrument

Korean- shallow barell-shaped double headed drum with rounded wooden frame; used in court and folk music; only instrument to accompany the narrative Pansori; struck w/stick and hand

Angklung instrument

Thailand-idiophone made of various bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame; shaken to produce a sound; alone this is not an instrument

Ranat Thum instrument

Thailand-prominent idiophone instrument in all classical ensembles and the accompaniment of narratives; accompaniment of the main melody at a lower register; capable of improv and ornamentation

interval

The distance between two notes

Fiddle

and chordophone that is bowed to produce the sound, such as european violin and viola

zither

any chordophone that is played horizontally such as the santur, koto, etc

metallphone

any idiophone w/metal keys

Khaen instrument

bamboo free-reed areophone Northeast Thailand; 16 bamboo pipes are arranged in 2 rows in 8; need cicular breathing teqnique;

Harp

chordophone played by plucking the strings toward the player as in the case of the kora instrument

Lute

chordphone that is held like a guitar, banjo, ud, and pipa belong to this family

beat

crossing of sound waves emitted by 2 closely related pitches

polyphony

different movement several voices (think motzart)

Kabuki

evolved human actors who can speak; painted faces

Noh

evolved human actors who speak; masks; fairytale; has ensemble on stage

double-reed

here the reed functions in the similar manner as the single-reed but with 2 slightly separate blades

tempo

indicates how slow or fast a composition is performed

Gong, Ageng instrument

indonesia- pair of the largest gongs in the Colotomic (rhythmic) section of the gamelan; 16 beat cycle; believed to emit deep and rich sound w/13 or more accoustic beats

free- reed instruments

instrument that produces sound as air flows past a vibrating reed in a frame

Jache instrument

11-12 frets made of bamboo,ivory,bone, or wood, affixed to the board w/wax or glue

Kayagum or Kayakeum Instrument

12 strings stretched over 12 moveable bridges; strings are flicked and plucked with fingers and nails; originated 16th century Korea

harmony

2+ pitches produced at the same time

Sanjo Ajaeng instument

8 strings, folk music ad shamen ensembles

membranophone

A category of musical instruments in which the sound is produced by the vibration of a tightly stretched membrane, as in a drum

Suling Instrument

Indonesia- end-blown flute

Borobuhur

Indonesia- plentitude of islanic instruments on relif panels on Borbudur walls which shows the importance of Islamic influence on Indian music

Wayang Kuilt Narrative

Indonesia- puppet shadow play

wayang golek Narrative

Indonesia- puppet theatre sometimes combined with human characters

Kendhang instrument

Indonesia-double-headed membranophone; in gamelan it gives rhythmic cues to indicate sections of a piece

Gamelan Instrument

Indonesia-melodic gong, large

Gender Instrument

Indonesia-multi-octave metallophone played in the loud and fast section of the Central Javanese gamelan to embellish the main theme; 12-14 thin bronze keys suspended over individual tube resonators; played with mallet

Kecak

Indonsia-Balinese dance and rhythmic chant depicting the battle from the Hindu epic 'Ramayana' where the people play the role of monkeys to rescue Princess Sita from Ravana

chordophone

Instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string stretched between two points; the string may be set in motion by bowing, striking, or plucking.

lyre

a chordophone plucked side-to-side as in the case of the Cupids Harp, or the African krar

idiophone

an instrument the whole of which vibrates to produce a sound when struck, shaken, or scraped, such as a bell, gong, or rattle.

Danso instrument

korean flute specifically made for folk music and can be also found in plastic modern-day. Pitch is one octave higher played then written.

Daegeum instrument

large bamboo flute used in traditional Korean music as well as folk

Unaraku

life sized doll that is manipulated by three people & dolls don't speak; warriors and samurai

pitch

rate of vibration per second of any sound

single-reed

reed installed into the mouthpiece, serve to trigger the vibration of the column of air that produces the sound

meter

regular division of time in a given measure

heterophone

same movement several voices

monophony

single voice movement

sonic level

sound waves of music production: pitch, note, interval, melody, harmony, polyphony, heterophony

temporal level

the beat at which we experience music: meter, tempo, rhythmic pattern, zone of cultural interaction, reinterpretation, assimilation, camouflage, metallphone, xylophone

Hagaeguem instrument

traditional Korean fiddle; played vertically w/bow fixed between two silk strings; melodic instrument in Korean court, chambers, and folk music ensembles; introduced into Korea from China during Koryo period (918-1392)

note

visual representation of the pitch; we hear the pitch and see the note

Zone of Cultural Interaction

zone in which a cultural element is shared by its habitants (musical instrument, religious belief, language, etc)