Music-Final exam study guide Historical Periods
Please select all statements that apply to the ENLIGHTENMENT
- BUILT ON the foundation - REFORM SOCIETY based on scientific thinking - Challenge Authorities (intentional antagonism)
Baroque Opera
- Claudio Monteverdi - Henry Purcell - Jean-Baptiste Lully
prominent figures
- Franz Joseph Haydn-developed his own original style - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- composed symphonies at age 8 - Ludwig van Beethoven- considered classical and romantic composer
Please select all statements that apply to the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION.
- LAID the foundation for new scientific thinking - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY for the sake of science - No Challenge to the Social Order (at least not deliberate)
General music characteristics- Classical period
- Melody- structured symmetrical phrases; organized in two parts - Dynamics- gradual dynamics appears - Rhythm- regular but not mechanic - Harmony- straightforward harmonic progressions - Texture- thinner texture toward more homophony - Form- Regularity of forms- binary, ternary, rondo
Choose all answers that apply. The term Baroque:
- Originates from the Portuguese word, "barroco" - Translates to, "oddly shaped pearl" - Refers to art and music from 1600 to 1750
Music characteristics of Baroque period
- Rhythm- steady beat - Melody- Continuous, mostly disjunct/decorated - Texture- Polyphonic, harmonies change fast - Counterprint- complex and rule-bound type of p. - Dynamics- terraced dynamics- very loud-very soft - Harmony- Basso Continuo- bass instrument and another instrument that plays chords.
Which of the following events occurred in the Baroque Period? There can be more than one answer.
- The Scientific Revolution - The Thirty Years War
Which of these statements are true? There could be more than one answer. Correct!
- Theatre also became a place for Baroque audiences to learn about and contemplate current issues and events. - Baroque architecture began as an expression of the triumph of the Catholic Church and was built to express its wealth and power. - Much of the Art of the Baroque period was encouraged and sponsored by the Catholic Church.
A musical movement is:
A complete, self-contained section within a larger music composition.
A Baroque suite is...
A multi-movement instrumental work based on rhythms of popular dances
The Baroque concerto is...
A piece that contrasts a soloist or group of soloists against an orchestra
Suppose you are listening to the first movement of a symphony written in the Classical period. You have heard the first section, in which two themes were introduced, and a second section, in which segments of those themes were expanded and developed. What would you expect next?
A varied repeat of the first section with a return of the two original themes
Hildegard of Bingen
Abbess of a religious house in Western Germany; one of first important women composesrs and contributor to Gregorian chant; had visions and was mystic and prophet to kings, popes, emperors, priests- "O' Strength of Wisdom"
Hildegard had a great creative and scholarly mind, and can be credited with the following accomplishments:
All of the above.
Identify the event that did not occur during the Classical period:
American Civil Rights Movement
Which one of the following statements is NOT true?
An aria follows speech rhythms while recitative is more melodious
One of the most important keyboard works of the late Baroque period is:
Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier
During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called:
Basso Continuo
Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music?
Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections
Which composer augmented traditional forms through increased length, number of movements, and intricacy of harmony, and added a chorus into the symphonic form?
Beethoven
Who is considered both a Classical and a Romantic composer:
Beethoven
Gregorian chant developed largely in the:
Benedictine monasteries of Italy
Farinelli was a famous:
Castrado
Musical notation was first developed because:
Catholic leaders needed to standardize worship
Life in the Baroque period was based on one's...
Class
Who composed L'Orfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form?
Claudio Monteverdi
The first resounding public success in the history of English opera was: Dido and Aeneas (1689), the story of a doomed love affair between Aeneas (the hero of Virgil's Aeneid) and Dido (the queen of Carthage) was
Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell
Which of the following characteristics are associated with the rococo style? Correct!
Elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness
Henry Purcell
English Opera
The sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are:
Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation
A fugue is a traditional form of composition in which all the parts enter at the same time using the same theme.
False
Beethoven transformed opera into an accessible, realistic art with approachable characters for contemporary audiences.
False
Empiricism is a value of that grew out of the Enlightenment.
False
Following a Good Friday service in the Sistine Chapel, Pope Marcellus II praised the choir for singing complicated repertoire.
False
Haydn was a controversial figure.
False
In the Baroque period, musicians were primarily worked free-lance.
False
Mozart was a child prodigy who wrote for the piano, chamber music, and many symphonies, but he only wrote one opera.
False
Mozart's The Magic Flute does not embody Enlightenment ideals because it celebrates the aristocracy as morally superior.
False
The Kyrie is the second longest text of the Mass Ordinary and consists of 25 words.
False
The mythological story of "Orpheus" was only adapted musically by one composer.
False
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote comic operas intended only for the aristocracy.
False
The origins of European Opera
First imagined by members of the Florentine Camerata - Courtiers, composers, poets, and scholars led by Count Giovanni de' Bardi - ancident greek sung drama
The classical Symphony
Four-movement structure
One important composer from the Renaissance period was:
Giovanni de Palestrina
Instrumental music
Growth of instrumental music bringing development of instruments as modern symphonic music. (woodwinds, strings, brasses, and percussion) - Consorts
Which composer is referred to as the "Father of the Symphony"?
Haydn
Who composed what is known as "The Surprise Symphony"?
Haydn
The Renaissance may be described as an age in which:
Individualism, humanism, and secular values started to flourish once again.
The Mass Ordinary includes the:
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
With which librettist did Mozart transform opera into an accessible, realistic art with approachable characters for contemporary audiences?
Lorenzo da Ponte
Which of the following were important composers of the Classical period?
Mozart and Haydn
In 1562, the Council of Trent turned its debates to music. Their concerns included all of the following except:
Music for worship was syllabic and homorhythmic
Around 1026, the Italian monk Guido of Arezzo became the first to ever record:
Music notation
Renaissance period
Music- polyphonic, Golden age, growth of choral, a cappella
Sonata
Musical works that were played instead of sung
Vincenzo Galilei, father of Galileo and member of the Florentine Camerata developed a new approach to the composition of vocal music. He argued that:
Polyphony was unable to express the dramatic needs of poetry, so homophony should be used instead.
According to Monteverdi, what is the difference between prima pratica and seconda pratica?
Prima pratica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices
Suite
Series of movements based upon the rhythm and style of a particular dance
Differences between Hildegard's music and most Gregorian chants include all except for:
She adhered more strictly to rules regarding form and mode.
Gothic Style
Similar to the earlier buildings of Romanesque, instead featured pointed arches rather rounded.
Which type of opera has the following characteristics: German language; Spoken Dialogue; Magical plots/elements
Singspiel
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of Gregorian Chant from the Medieval period?
Smooth melodies sung a cappella with monophonic texture.
Aria
Solo song- most ornate form of monody found in baroque Italian Opera
Monteverdi
Stile moderno
The new style of opera called opera buffa that emerged during the Classical period. It differed from opera in previous periods because...
Stories were based on "real people," and the music was light and humorous.
Recitative
Style of vocal writing in which the pitches and rhythms are determined by sound and meaning of the text.
Which of the following is a composition for an orchestra ensemble?
Symphony
Which group was credited with inventing the recitative?
The Florentine Camerata
A unifying factor for social, political, and cultural life in the Medieval period was...
The Roman Catholic Church
According to legend, Pope Gregory received the entire body of a chant from:
The holy spirit in the form of a dove
Which of the following choices is the defining characteristic of polyphony?
The independence and equality of concurrent melodic lines.
Art
The rococo style emphasized elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness - classical architecture reflected the revival of interest in Greek and Roman themes
Luther complained about all of the following except for:
The use of participatory vernacular hymns
During the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works __________.
To be played
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Tragedie Lyrique
Gregorian chant was first notated in the 11th century, but is in fact much older.
True
Medieval period- In 1517, Martin Luther published 95 theses, each of which recorded a complaint about the Catholic Church.
True
Most Gregorian chants are not associated with a specific composer.
True
Opera buffa (comic opera) portrayed members of various social classes in humorous situations.
True
Palestrina was an advocate for the ars perfecta style of music composition.
True
Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is a setting of the Mass Ordinary.
True
The Pope convened the Council of Trent (1545-1563) to address the crisis that was arising as communities broke away from the Catholic Church. Correct!
True
The Scientific Revolution was a 17th century phenomenon whereas the Enlightenment was more focused on the 18th century.
True
Unlike most chant composers, the Benedictine Abbess Hildegard of Bingen wrote original texts for her chants.
True
When composing The Magic Flute, Mozart tailored his writing to the individual performers who were going to sing arias.
True
What do you call a piece of music where a violin soloist plays with an orchestra?
Violin Concerto
History of Gregorian Chant
Was named Pope Gregory I
How does the musical notation of Guido of Arezzo differ from modern-day notation?
all of the above
Which of the following phrases best describes music of the Classical period?
balanced and well-constructed
Classical Orchestra
becomes increasingly important - the piano - new instrument: clarinet - French horn takes on more importances - enlargement
Gregorian Chant
body of music developed in Medival Catholic Church-setting of the Nicene creed dates to at least 11th century.
The Renaissance period saw inventions and developments that:
changed the physical and intellectual landscape of Europe
Classical Period
intellectuals considered themselves free from restrictions of middle ages. - The Enlightenment- great cultural movement - The age of reason- human control over the world - Philosophy and Science
John Dawland
luntenist and singer - The first book of songs and Ayres
Secular music
madrigal embodies many of the developments in Renaissance-era-secular vocal music. - Italy and England - Originated in Italy around 1530 - Designed to convey in as much detail as possible the meanings of poems. Word painting.
A string________________ is composed of two violins, one viola, and a cello.
quartet
Guido d'Arezzo
the foundation of holy roman empire in 800, spread across europe. -"Ut queant laxis"
In the Baroque period, it was believed that music...
was a powerful communication tool and could arouse any emotion in its listeners
In the Baroque period, music for keyboard...
was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos.