Music-Final exam study guide Historical Periods

Please select all statements that apply to the ENLIGHTENMENT

- BUILT ON the foundation - REFORM SOCIETY based on scientific thinking - Challenge Authorities (intentional antagonism)

Baroque Opera

- Claudio Monteverdi - Henry Purcell - Jean-Baptiste Lully

prominent figures

- Franz Joseph Haydn-developed his own original style - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- composed symphonies at age 8 - Ludwig van Beethoven- considered classical and romantic composer

Please select all statements that apply to the SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION.

- LAID the foundation for new scientific thinking - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY for the sake of science - No Challenge to the Social Order (at least not deliberate)

General music characteristics- Classical period

- Melody- structured symmetrical phrases; organized in two parts - Dynamics- gradual dynamics appears - Rhythm- regular but not mechanic - Harmony- straightforward harmonic progressions - Texture- thinner texture toward more homophony - Form- Regularity of forms- binary, ternary, rondo

Choose all answers that apply. The term Baroque:

- Originates from the Portuguese word, "barroco" - Translates to, "oddly shaped pearl" - Refers to art and music from 1600 to 1750

Music characteristics of Baroque period

- Rhythm- steady beat - Melody- Continuous, mostly disjunct/decorated - Texture- Polyphonic, harmonies change fast - Counterprint- complex and rule-bound type of p. - Dynamics- terraced dynamics- very loud-very soft - Harmony- Basso Continuo- bass instrument and another instrument that plays chords.

Which of the following events occurred in the Baroque Period? There can be more than one answer.

- The Scientific Revolution - The Thirty Years War

Which of these statements are true? There could be more than one answer. Correct!

- Theatre also became a place for Baroque audiences to learn about and contemplate current issues and events. - Baroque architecture began as an expression of the triumph of the Catholic Church and was built to express its wealth and power. - Much of the Art of the Baroque period was encouraged and sponsored by the Catholic Church.

A musical movement is:

A complete, self-contained section within a larger music composition.

A Baroque suite is...

A multi-movement instrumental work based on rhythms of popular dances

The Baroque concerto is...

A piece that contrasts a soloist or group of soloists against an orchestra

Suppose you are listening to the first movement of a symphony written in the Classical period. You have heard the first section, in which two themes were introduced, and a second section, in which segments of those themes were expanded and developed. What would you expect next?

A varied repeat of the first section with a return of the two original themes

Hildegard of Bingen

Abbess of a religious house in Western Germany; one of first important women composesrs and contributor to Gregorian chant; had visions and was mystic and prophet to kings, popes, emperors, priests- "O' Strength of Wisdom"

Hildegard had a great creative and scholarly mind, and can be credited with the following accomplishments:

All of the above.

Identify the event that did not occur during the Classical period:

American Civil Rights Movement

Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

An aria follows speech rhythms while recitative is more melodious

One of the most important keyboard works of the late Baroque period is:

Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier

During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called:

Basso Continuo

Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music?

Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections

Which composer augmented traditional forms through increased length, number of movements, and intricacy of harmony, and added a chorus into the symphonic form?

Beethoven

Who is considered both a Classical and a Romantic composer:

Beethoven

Gregorian chant developed largely in the:

Benedictine monasteries of Italy

Farinelli was a famous:

Castrado

Musical notation was first developed because:

Catholic leaders needed to standardize worship

Life in the Baroque period was based on one's...

Class

Who composed L'Orfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form?

Claudio Monteverdi

The first resounding public success in the history of English opera was: Dido and Aeneas (1689), the story of a doomed love affair between Aeneas (the hero of Virgil's Aeneid) and Dido (the queen of Carthage) was

Dido and Aeneas by Henry Purcell

Which of the following characteristics are associated with the rococo style? Correct!

Elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness

Henry Purcell

English Opera

The sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are:

Exposition, Development, and Recapitulation

A fugue is a traditional form of composition in which all the parts enter at the same time using the same theme.

False

Beethoven transformed opera into an accessible, realistic art with approachable characters for contemporary audiences.

False

Empiricism is a value of that grew out of the Enlightenment.

False

Following a Good Friday service in the Sistine Chapel, Pope Marcellus II praised the choir for singing complicated repertoire.

False

Haydn was a controversial figure.

False

In the Baroque period, musicians were primarily worked free-lance.

False

Mozart was a child prodigy who wrote for the piano, chamber music, and many symphonies, but he only wrote one opera.

False

Mozart's The Magic Flute does not embody Enlightenment ideals because it celebrates the aristocracy as morally superior.

False

The Kyrie is the second longest text of the Mass Ordinary and consists of 25 words.

False

The mythological story of "Orpheus" was only adapted musically by one composer.

False

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote comic operas intended only for the aristocracy.

False

The origins of European Opera

First imagined by members of the Florentine Camerata - Courtiers, composers, poets, and scholars led by Count Giovanni de' Bardi - ancident greek sung drama

The classical Symphony

Four-movement structure

One important composer from the Renaissance period was:

Giovanni de Palestrina

Instrumental music

Growth of instrumental music bringing development of instruments as modern symphonic music. (woodwinds, strings, brasses, and percussion) - Consorts

Which composer is referred to as the "Father of the Symphony"?

Haydn

Who composed what is known as "The Surprise Symphony"?

Haydn

The Renaissance may be described as an age in which:

Individualism, humanism, and secular values started to flourish once again.

The Mass Ordinary includes the:

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

With which librettist did Mozart transform opera into an accessible, realistic art with approachable characters for contemporary audiences?

Lorenzo da Ponte

Which of the following were important composers of the Classical period?

Mozart and Haydn

In 1562, the Council of Trent turned its debates to music. Their concerns included all of the following except:

Music for worship was syllabic and homorhythmic

Around 1026, the Italian monk Guido of Arezzo became the first to ever record:

Music notation

Renaissance period

Music- polyphonic, Golden age, growth of choral, a cappella

Sonata

Musical works that were played instead of sung

Vincenzo Galilei, father of Galileo and member of the Florentine Camerata developed a new approach to the composition of vocal music. He argued that:

Polyphony was unable to express the dramatic needs of poetry, so homophony should be used instead.

According to Monteverdi, what is the difference between prima pratica and seconda pratica?

Prima pratica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices

Suite

Series of movements based upon the rhythm and style of a particular dance

Differences between Hildegard's music and most Gregorian chants include all except for:

She adhered more strictly to rules regarding form and mode.

Gothic Style

Similar to the earlier buildings of Romanesque, instead featured pointed arches rather rounded.

Which type of opera has the following characteristics: German language; Spoken Dialogue; Magical plots/elements

Singspiel

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of Gregorian Chant from the Medieval period?

Smooth melodies sung a cappella with monophonic texture.

Aria

Solo song- most ornate form of monody found in baroque Italian Opera

Monteverdi

Stile moderno

The new style of opera called opera buffa that emerged during the Classical period. It differed from opera in previous periods because...

Stories were based on "real people," and the music was light and humorous.

Recitative

Style of vocal writing in which the pitches and rhythms are determined by sound and meaning of the text.

Which of the following is a composition for an orchestra ensemble?

Symphony

Which group was credited with inventing the recitative?

The Florentine Camerata

A unifying factor for social, political, and cultural life in the Medieval period was...

The Roman Catholic Church

According to legend, Pope Gregory received the entire body of a chant from:

The holy spirit in the form of a dove

Which of the following choices is the defining characteristic of polyphony?

The independence and equality of concurrent melodic lines.

Art

The rococo style emphasized elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness - classical architecture reflected the revival of interest in Greek and Roman themes

Luther complained about all of the following except for:

The use of participatory vernacular hymns

During the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works __________.

To be played

Jean-Baptiste Lully

Tragedie Lyrique

Gregorian chant was first notated in the 11th century, but is in fact much older.

True

Medieval period- In 1517, Martin Luther published 95 theses, each of which recorded a complaint about the Catholic Church.

True

Most Gregorian chants are not associated with a specific composer.

True

Opera buffa (comic opera) portrayed members of various social classes in humorous situations.

True

Palestrina was an advocate for the ars perfecta style of music composition.

True

Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is a setting of the Mass Ordinary.

True

The Pope convened the Council of Trent (1545-1563) to address the crisis that was arising as communities broke away from the Catholic Church. Correct!

True

The Scientific Revolution was a 17th century phenomenon whereas the Enlightenment was more focused on the 18th century.

True

Unlike most chant composers, the Benedictine Abbess Hildegard of Bingen wrote original texts for her chants.

True

When composing The Magic Flute, Mozart tailored his writing to the individual performers who were going to sing arias.

True

What do you call a piece of music where a violin soloist plays with an orchestra?

Violin Concerto

History of Gregorian Chant

Was named Pope Gregory I

How does the musical notation of Guido of Arezzo differ from modern-day notation?

all of the above

Which of the following phrases best describes music of the Classical period?

balanced and well-constructed

Classical Orchestra

becomes increasingly important - the piano - new instrument: clarinet - French horn takes on more importances - enlargement

Gregorian Chant

body of music developed in Medival Catholic Church-setting of the Nicene creed dates to at least 11th century.

The Renaissance period saw inventions and developments that:

changed the physical and intellectual landscape of Europe

Classical Period

intellectuals considered themselves free from restrictions of middle ages. - The Enlightenment- great cultural movement - The age of reason- human control over the world - Philosophy and Science

John Dawland

luntenist and singer - The first book of songs and Ayres

Secular music

madrigal embodies many of the developments in Renaissance-era-secular vocal music. - Italy and England - Originated in Italy around 1530 - Designed to convey in as much detail as possible the meanings of poems. Word painting.

A string________________ is composed of two violins, one viola, and a cello.

quartet

Guido d'Arezzo

the foundation of holy roman empire in 800, spread across europe. -"Ut queant laxis"

In the Baroque period, it was believed that music...

was a powerful communication tool and could arouse any emotion in its listeners

In the Baroque period, music for keyboard...

was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos.