bio exam 4

2.5 billion years ago

According to this evolutionary tree, the archaea and eukaryotes last shared a common ancestor ________.

The first organisms to colonize land were animals.

All of the following are true EXCEPT one. Choose the exception.

star-shaped

All of the following represent known prokaryote shapes except

gel electrophoresis

Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ________.

plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents

During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ________.

protists

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants are classified in a "catch-all" category called ________.

protozoans

Flagellates, amoebas, apicomplexans, and ciliates are all what type of protist?

Both produce flowers.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms share multiple similarities. All of these are similarities except one. Choose the exception.

common ancestry

Homology is evidence of ________.

0.30

If the frequency of one allele in a population is 0.7 in a population with two alleles at a particular locus, what is the frequency of the alternate allele?

normal versions of human genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele

In human gene therapy ________.

frequency of the homozygotes for one allele

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does p2 represent?

ferns and their allies

Much of the coal we use today came from ________ that lived during the Carboniferous.

mycorrhizae

Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi are called ________.

a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits

Natural selection can be defined as ________.

angiosperms

Nearly all food plants are ________.

475 million

Plants first moved onto land at least ________ years ago

snowflake

Radial symmetry is seen in a ________.

bacteria

Restriction endonuclease enzymes that are used to "cut" DNA are obtained from ________.

different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have ________.

microbial

Scientists hypothesize that disrupting our ________ communities may increase our susceptibility to infectious diseases, predispose us to certain cancers, and contribute to conditions such as asthma and other allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and autis

suspension feeders

Sponges are examples of ________.

play a role in all of the choices listed here

The Human Genome Project has the potential to ________.

colonial, flagellated protist

The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a ________.

produce spores

The function of a mushroom is to ________.

21,000

The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.

mutation

The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for evolution is ________.

a lichen, a mutually beneficial symbiosis

The photo below shows ________.

arthropods

The phylogenetic tree indicates that annelids are most closely related to ________.

have true tissues

The phylogenetic tree indicates that flatworms are similar to cnidarians in that bot

64%

The presence of freckles is due to a dominant allele. Four percent of the individuals in a particular population lack freckles. Use the Hardy-Weinberg formula to calculate the percentage of individuals in this population who are homozygous dominant for freckles.

Archaea

The prokaryotic group that tends to inhabit extreme environments belongs to _______

genomics

The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ________.

there have been a small number of successes, including with the disease SCID

The state of human gene therapy today is that ________.

polyp

The stationary stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ________ stage.

arthropods

There are more species of ________ than of any other type of animal

skull and a backbone

Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n) ________.

an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means

What is the definition of a genetically modified organism?

bryophyte

What is this organism?

roundworms

Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?

smell

Which aspect of truffle mushrooms drives their commercial importance?

DNA ligase

Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?

methanogens

Which group of prokaryotes aids digestion in cattle, deer, and other animals that obtain nutrition from cellulose

Understanding evolution helps us to understand why stars and galaxies change over time.

Which is NOT a benefit of the understanding of evolution to understanding the field of biology?

a pig that has had cow growth hormone genes inserted into its cells so that it will produce more meat

Which is an example of a genetically modified organism that is not a transgenic organism? (Note that none of these organisms currently exist!)

Animals obtain nutrients by eating

Which mode of nutrition characteristic distinguishes animals from other eukaryotes?

plasmids

Which of the following can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell

bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Which of the following correctly illustrates the sequence of the origin of modern groups of plants?

endospores

Which of the following would likely be the most difficult to kill if you were you to can your own food?

mutation

Which one of the following can create new alleles?

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

apicomplexans

Which protozoan group consists solely of parasitic forms?

old... continue

While on the Beagle, Darwin was influenced by a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was ________ and sculpted by geologic processes that ________ today.

This relationship is found in some of the oldest plant fossils.

Why is the symbiotic relationship of truffle mushrooms and tree roots considered to be crucial to the colonization of land?

You can use PCR to increase the amount of DNA available for STR analysis.

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime. The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood. How can you use this drop of blood to definitively make the association?

Cnidarians

________ are characterized body tissues, radial symmetry, and tentacles with stinging cells.

ferns

________ are seedless vascular plants

The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage

________ is an example of bioremediation.

natural selection

n The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was ________.