MYTH EXAM 2

Which of the following are TRUE of the Post-Iliadic events of Achilles?

-Achilles slays and subsequently mourns the beautiful Amazon queen Penthesilea. -Achilles kills Memnon to avenge his friend Antilochus. -Paris kills Achilles. -Achilles' arms provokes a conflict between Ajax and Odysseus. -Achilles is said to have had a blessed after life in some accounts.

Which of the following are pre-Iliad events in Achilles' life?

-Achilles wounds and later heals King Telephus. -Achilles marries Deidameia by whom he fathers Neoptolemus. -Achilles kills Cycnus at Troy for killing Protesilaos. -Achilles receives Briseis as a spoil from the sacking of the towns surrounding Troy.

Based on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which of the following is part of the Little Iliad?

-Ajax kills himself. -Philoctetes kills Paris (Alexander). -Neoptolemnos is given the arms of Achilles. -Odysseus and Diomedes steal the Palladion out of Ilion -The Trojan Horse is built.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of Minoan Crete and the Minotaur?

-Greek myth relates who Pasiphae had an unnatural lust for the Cretan bull. -The bull is a frequent image in Greek myths dealing with Crete. -Artifacts from ancient Crete seem to suggest that the bull held significant symbolic meaning for historical Minoans. -Some scholars have interpreted the images of bull-leaping on ancient Crete as the origins of the Minotaur. -The Minotaur may represent the Otherness of Minoan Crete for the Athenians.

Which of the following can be observed in Athenian depictions of Greek women (and men)?

-Greek women are commonly depicted in domestic scenes on their naiskoi steles. -Athenian women were commonly depicted with infants. -Athenian women are commonly depicted wearing tunic-like garments that extended down to the floor. -Athenian women are often depicted in a seated position with a maidservant nearby. -A Caryatid is a column shaped like a young Greek woman. -Greek men are typically depicted standing or in martial activities on their funeral steles.

How did the Roman artist of the Skylla of Perlonga attempt to mesh the Odyssey's description of Skylla and the image of Skylla in Greek art?

-He added serpentine trunks to the dog-fores. -He has the sailors being snatched from the deck of Odysseus' ship.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading concerning the theme of Amazons on horseback?

-Herodotus attributes the masculine behaviors of Sauramatae women to their Amazonian descent. -The vase painting of an Amazon on horseback may suggest that the Amazon is from the East. -Riding horses was considered a masculine activity in the Greek world. -Herodotus claims that the Sauramatae women ride out to battle with their husbands. -Herodotus claims that Sauramatae women must kill an enemy before they are allowed to marry.

According to Buxton, which of the following is a common theme/emphasis in Greek myths that he calls 'Family Sagas'?

-Honor -Sexual jealousy -Power -Competing claims

In what ways does the 5th-century-BC image of Skylla differ from the description of Skylla in the 'Odyssey'?

-It makes her physically attractive by adding a young female torso to the body. -She is partially clothed and has her hair styled like a Greek woman. -She has dog foreparts instead of six long heads with three rows of teeth. -She has a fish tail rather than twelve feet. -She appears to be swimming rather than standing in a cave.

Based on your reading, which of the following is TRUE of Proclus' Chrestomathy?

-It was written in the 5th century AD -It was written by a philosopher. -The Chrestomathy is a literary handbook. -It contains summaries of the epic poems that descirbe the events before/during/after the Trojan War.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of 'Farnese Hercules' and Lysippos?

-Lysippos was the personal sculptor for Alexander the Great -Lysippos is associated with the 'Resting Hercules' theme in sculptures. -Lysippos is a famous Greek sculptor of the 4th century BC who broke from the canon of human proportions used by previous sculptors.

Which of the following is TRUE?

-Mischwesen are mythological hybrids that combine the body parts of different creatures. -Each of the parts of a mischwesen can provide clues as to its meaning in the society in which it occurs. -The location of a part on the mischwesen's body should be considered when trying to determine the meaning of a mischwesen.

Which of the following is TRUE of Odysseus involvement in the Trojan War?

-Odysseus tried to feign insanity to get out of the Trojan War. -He was part of the embassy that entreated Achilles to return to the war. -He brings Neoptolemus from Scyrus to Troy. -Odysseus defeats Ajax for the arms of Achilles -He helps retrieve Philoctetes from Lemnos. -He steals the Palladium from Troy.

Based on your reading, which of the following is TRUE?

-Odysseus' name is sometmes translated 'Man of Pain'. -The Odyssey is named after Odysseus. -The English name for Odysseus is Ulysses.

Based on your reading about Otherness, which of the following is True?

-Otherness is a means by which a society develops self-identity. -Monsters can represent a sense of Otherness in art. -The Greek term 'barbaros' was used by the ancient Greek to create self-identity. -Ishiro Hondo's first Godzilla movie spoke to Japanese sentiment after WWII.

Based on your reading of Pherecydes, which of the following is TRUE?

-Perseus' mom is the daugher of Acrisios and Eurydice. -Zeus is the father of Perseus. -Polydectes did not accept Perseus' horse as a gift. -Medousa was the only Gorgon that was mortal. -Acrisios was killed by Perseus.

Which of the following is True of the reception of Achilles in the ancient world?

-Pindar and Sophocles see Achilles as having integrity and aristocratic virtue. -Some Classical authors (Plato's Symposium in particular) suggest that Patroclus and Achilles were lovers. -Some sources in antiquity criticize how Achilles' passion overcomes his ability to reason

Which of the following is TRUE of the reception of Odysseus among later authors?

-Pindar relates how Odysseus stole the arms of Achilles from Ajax through his lies. -The Middle Ages mostly relate negative intepretations of Odysseus' character

Based on your reading in Apollodorus, which of the following was turned to stone by looking at the head of Medousa?

-Polydectes -Phineus

Which of the following is TRUE of the Archaic Greek description of Skylla in the 'Odyssey'?

-She is a monster of extreme because of her numerous feet/heads/ teeth. -Even the gods find her appearance fearful. -She has a voice like a puppy dog. -She preys on sharks and the ketos of the deep.

Which of the following is TRUE of this Roman artist's pairing of Skylla and a centaur?

-Skylla and the centaur are both mischwesen with bare human torsos. -The centaur and Skylla have a similar posture. -Skylla is depicted killing men.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of the 'Farnese Hercules' and art collections?

-The 'Farnese Hercules' gets its name from a 16th century Cardinal who amassed a large collection of statues. -The 'Farnese Hercules' was discovered in the Baths of Caracalla in the 16th century. -The 'Farnese Hercules' association with other pieces of artwork considered worthy of collecting probably added to the statue's fame and importance.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of the mythological context of the Farnese Hercules?

-The 'Farnese Hercules' is a ten-and-a-half foot marble sculpture from the 3rd century BC. -The 'Farnese Hercules' is holding the Apples of the Hesperides behind his back. -The posture of the 'Farnese Hercules' suggests that he is resting.

Which of the following is TRUE of the depictions of the Amazonomachy on Greek vase paintings?

-The Amazons are sometimes depicted wearing the same kind of armor as a Greek warrior. -Greek vase painters sometimes identify the names of specific Amazons and place them in a heroic scene. -The appearance of Amazons in Amazanomachy changed shortly after the end of the Greco-Persian wars.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of the Wounded Amazon in Greco-Roman art?

-The Wounded Amazon type statue depicts an Amazon wearing the clothing of a Greek man. -The Wounded Amazon type of statue is believed to have been part of a collection of statues dedicated to Artemis at Ephesus. -The footwear and hair of the wounded Amazon on horseback resembles Roman statuary of Artemis as a huntress.

In what way is Skylla a mischwesen similar to the Sirens?

-The both are depicted with female torsos. -They both are associated with the coastline. -Their voices are important to their descriptions in the 'Odyssey'. -They are both part of the dangers Odysseus must face on his nostos.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of the 'Farnese Hercules' and the Baths of Caracalla?

-The complex of the Baths of Caracalla was associated with exercise and therapeutic bathing. -The large size of the Farnese Hercules may be due to the architectural space it occupied in the Baths of Caracalla. -Roman myth associated Hercules traveling to the area of Rome on one of his labors. -Hercules is said to have bathed in hot baths in Sicily to recover from the weariness of his labors. -Hercules is one of the patrons of gymnasia (pl. of gymnasion)

Which of the following is TRUE of the 'Farnese Hercules' in the Stark Center?

-The physique of the 'Farnese Hercules' is viewed in the context of the modern athlete at the Stark Center. -The 'Farnese Hercules' was bought and placed in the Stark Center to inspire visitors to embrace the physical culture life. -The physique of the 'Farnese Hercules' is believed by the Director of the Stark Center to have been achieved by the ancient Greeks.

Which of the following is TRUE of Achilles in the Iliad?

-The wrath of Achilles is the major theme in the Iliad. -Achilles withdraws from the Trojan War due to Agamemnon's insult of Achilles' honor. -Achilles's wrath against Hector for killing Patroclus brings him back into the war. -Achilles kills Hector thus removing the best warrior from the defense of the Troy. -Achilles ultimately allows Priam to have Hector's body back for burial.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of Theseus and the Minotaur on this kylix?

-Theseus and the Minotaur's postures and Theseus' use of a short sword may have been partially derived from concepts of animal sacrifice. -Theseus' body is similar to a Greek ephebic youth.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading about Theseus' deeds on the kylix?

-Theseus is depicted killing Procrustes in the same manner by which Procrustes killed travelers. -The kylix creates a mythological narrative that culminates with Theseus killing the Minotaur. -Some scholars see the cycle of deeds of Theseus' journey to Athens as a coming-of-age story.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading about Theseus and the Marathonian bull?

-Theseus is depicted with a knotty club like the iconic club of Herakles. -The Marathonian bull is said to be the same bull that Herakles subdued during his seventh labor. -The artists decision to create a visual narrative of Theseus' deeds may signal a comparison to Herakles' labors. -Apollodorus links the Marathonian bull to the origin of the Minotaur. -The Minotaur may be seen in the same light as Herakles conquering non-human monsters.

Based on your reading about Theseus and the Minotaur in Greek myth, which of the following is True?

-Theseus' and Minos' lives and deeds are intertwined in Apollodorus' 'Library.' -Aegeus appears to have been added later to the line of Athenian kings. -Theseus could be considered the son of Poseidon and/or Aegeus. -Theseus killing the Minotaur became associated with the myths of Athens in the 6th century BC. -Seven young women and seven young men from Athens were given on a regular basis to Minos to feed the Minotaur.

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading about the Amazons?

-They maim their male babies and subjugate their men to domestic tasks. -They are described as cauterizing one of their breasts to perform the martial activities of shooting the bow and throwing the spear. -They are commonly linked to the Greek gods Ares and Artemis. -The descriptive terms used for the Amazons in Greek literature reveal that they oppose and kill men. -The term Amazon could be used for any war-like society of women who subjugated their male counterparts.

Based on your reading in Buxton, which of the following is TRUE?

-Thyestes fathered Aigisthos through his (Thyestes') own daughter. -Aigithos killed Atreus and gave the kingdom to Thyestes. -Agamemnon and Menelaus were the sons of Atreus. -Clytemnestra took Aigisthos as her lover and played a prominent role in the murder of her husband Agamemnon. -Agamemnon's son Orestes killed Aigisthos and Clytemnestra. -Orestes was pursued by the Erinyes (Furies) for the murder of his mother.

Based on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which of the following happens in the Cypria?

-Zeus makes plans with Themis for the Trojan War -Alexander (Paris) takes Helen from Menelaos. -Nestor and Menelaos gather the leaders in Greece. -Achilles wounds Telephos. -Agamemnon attempts to sacrifice his daughter Iphigeneia. -Philoctetes is bitten by a snake and left behind on Lemnos. -Protesilaos is killed by Hector. -Aphrodite and Thetis lead Achilles to see Helen face to face.

Based on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which of the following happens in the Aithiopis?

Achilles defeast the Amazon Penthesileia. -Achilles defeats Memnon. -Paris kills Achilles. -Ajax recovers the body of Achilles. -Odysseus and Ajax have a conflict over the arms (armor) of Achilles.

Based on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which of the following happens in the Sack of Ilion?

Ajax drags off Cassandra from the wooden statue of Athena -Polyxena is sacrificed as the grave of Achilles -Neoptolemos takes Hector's wife as a prize. -Athena devises destruction at sea for the Greeks.

Based on your readings, which author links Herakles to the funeral practice of cremation?

Andron

Based on your readings, which author links Herakles to Alexander the Great?

Arrian

Which of the following is TRUE based on your reading of the Minotaur in modern art?

Art historians see Watts' 'The Minotaur' as being symbolic for the horror of child prostitution and the debate on the age of consent in Victorian London.

Based on Apollodorus' account of the Calydonian Boar Hunt, which of the following is FALSE?

Atalanta killed the boar, and therefore, Meleagros gave the hide to Atalanta

Based on your reading in Buxton, which of the following is TRUE of Pittheus, Atreus, and Thyestes?

Atreus and Thyestes were involved in a dispute over the rule of Mycenae. -Atreus' wife Airope had an affair with Thyestes. -Thyestes stole the golden lamb from Atreus. -Atreus fed Thyestes' sons to him (Thyestes). -Atreus and Thyestes were brothers.

Based on your reading in Buxton, which of the following is TRUE of Menalaos and Helen?

Buxton compares Odyssean Sparta to Circe's island. -Buxton considers the double wedding in Menelaous' house ironic due to its troubled domestic past. -Helen and Menelaos are said to have been made immortal. -Hermione married Orestes in one variant of this family saga.

Achilles was raised by a centaur named:

Chiron or Kheiron

Which mortal woman is the most direct cause of the death of Herakles?

Deianeira

Based on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which of the following happens in the Returns?

Diomedes and Nestor set sail and make it home safely. -Agamemnon is murdered by Aigisthos and Clytaimnestra -Menelaos returns home after a detour to Egypt.

In Apollodorus' account of Perseus and Medousa, Perseus flies to the island of the Gorgons on the back of Pegasos (Pegasus).

False

The story of Andromeda and Perseus is fundamental to the earliest Greek accounts of the quest myth of Perseus, as evidenced in your reading in Pherecydes.

False

True or False, Jason defeated the Sirens so that the crew of the Argo would be safe.

False

True or False, according to Apollodorus, Herodorus and other Greek authors relate how Heracles left the Argonauts because his boyfriend, Hylas, was abducted by Nymphs.

False

True or False, according to Apollodorus, Jason defeated Amycos in a boxing match.

False

True or False, according to Apollodorus, Jason defeated the Bronze giant Talos in battle.

False

True or False, according to Apollodorus, Jason defested the Harpies so that he could hear the prophesy of Phineus.

False

True or False, in the Trojan Cycle, the Iliad comes after the Aithiopis.

False

True or False, the Odyssey begins with Odysseus leaving Troy on his journey home (nostos).

False

Which labor provides Herakles with his iconic lion-skin attire?

First

What is the name of the labor that the Farnese Hercules depicts the aftermath of?

Golden Apples of the Hesperides

Based on your reading in Apollodorus, who gave Perseus the adamantine sickle?

Hermes

Based on your readings, which author reads Herakles 11th labor as an allegory for the value of philosophy?

Herodorus

Based on your reading of Apollodorus, which of the following is FALSE concerning Heracles and Hippolyte?

Hippolyta refused to give the war belt to Heracles, and therefore, the Amazons rose up to fight against Heracles and his men.

Place in the correct order, earliest to latest (see Buxton p. 8)

Homer's Odyssey and Iliad Pindar's Lyric Poems Euripides' Medea Apollonios' Argonautica Apollodorus' Library of Mythology

Sort Odysseus' wanderings placing them in order from first to last.

Isle of the Cicones Isle of the Lotus Eaters Isle of the Cyclopes Isle of Aeolous Isle of the Laestrygonians Circe's Isle The 'Underworld' Isle of the Sirens Scylla and Charybdis Isle of Helios

Which of the following is TRUE of your reading Pherecydes, Histories?

It is a 5h century BC mythography written in Greek. -It was cited by later mythographes. -It survives only in a fragmentary form.

According to your reading in Theoi.com (https://www.theoi.com/Pontios/Skylla.html), which of the following mythological figures is Skylla associated with?

Jason -Odysseus -Aeneas -Heracles -Poseidon -Circe

Based on your reading in Theoi.com (https://www.theoi.com/Pontios/Skylla.html), which of the following is considered a parent of Skylla?

Krataiis -Phorkys -Lamia -Trienos -Ekhidna

Based on your reading in Buxton, which of the following is FALSE concerning Medea?

Medea helped Jason to regain his throne in Iolkos

What is the name of the mortal woman who wears Herakles lion-skin attire and makes him dress like a female?

Omphale

Based on your reading in Theoi.com, which of the following provides a sympathetic origin story for Scylla?

Ovid's Metamorphoses

Based on your reading in Palaephatus, which of the following is TRUE?

Palaephatus' interpretation of monsters tends to use historicism/Euhemerism to explain their origins.

The epithet in the Odyssey that describes Odysseus' character is _. (one word)

Polytropos Polymetis

According to your reading in Hesiod's Theogony, which of the following is FALSE?

Pontos' line of monsters are strictly sea monsters.

Which labor does Herakles obtain the deadly poison for his arrows.

Second

True or False, based on Apollodorus' account, which of the following did Medea do to help Jason?

She gave Jason a potion to make him impervious to the fire-breathing bulls. -She instructed Jason on how to defeat the warriors who came from the serpent's sown teeth. -Medea put to sleep the serpent that guarded the Fleece -She murdered her brother and dismembered his body to help Jason escape.

Based on your reading of Apollodorus, which of the following did Medea do?

She persuaded Pelias' daughters to chop up their father and boil him. -She killed Glauce because Jason decided to marry Glauce and divorce Medea. -Medea killed her two sons that she had by Jason. -Medea married the King of Athens Aigeus and bore him a son named Medos. -Medea killed Perses to restore the kingdom to her father.

Based on your reading from Aelian's discussion of Atalante, which of the following is FALSE?

She was unattractive due to her physical strength and size.

Based on your reading in Buxton, which of the following is TRUE of the House of Pelops?

Tantolos (Tantalus) boiled his son and served him to the gods. -Pelops was in a homoerotic relationship with Poseidon. -Pelops and his descendents were cursed by Myrtilos. -Pelops defeated Oinomaos by cheating in a chariot race.

Based on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which of the following happens in the Telegony?

Telegonos marries Penelope -Telemachos marries Circe -Odysseus performs the sacrifices prescribed by Teiresias -Odysseus marries Callidice

What is the name of the last epic poem of the Trojan Cycle?

Telegony

What is the name of Herakles first labor away from the Peloponnese (mainland Greece)?

The Cretan Bull The Bull of Crete Cretan Bull Bull of Crete (PICK ONE ALL WORK)

Base on your reading of the Chrestomathy, which epic poem tells the story of the Trojans bringing the wooden horse into the walls of Troy?

The Little Iliad

Which of the following is FALSE based on your reading of Diodorus of Sicily's account of the Amazons?

Their original leader called herself "the daughter of Zeus".

Sources later than the Iliad explain how his mother attempted to protect Achilles by dressing him up as a girl or by dipping him in the River Styx.

True

Through his parents, Thetis and Peleus, Achilles is linked to the cause(s) that led to the Trojan War.

True

True of False, in the Trojan Cycle, the Odyssey comes after the Returns (Nostoi).

True

True or False, Kylix, London 1850,0302.3 is a 5th century BC artifact originally from the area in or around Athens.

True

True or False, Penelope waited 20 years for Odysseus' return home.

True

True or False, based on your reading in Buxton, the Fleece of Jason's quest was originally associated with Phrixos' escape to Colchis.

True

True or False, close to half of the Odyssey takes place on Ithaca, which is Odysseus' home.

True

Based on your readings, which of the following authors has an account of Herakles having to choose between a woman named 'Vice' and a woman named 'Virtue'?

Xenophon

Amazonomachy

in Greek mythology, the battle between the Greeks and Amazons

Which of the following features makes this 5th-century-BC image of Skylla similar to an artistic depiction of an Amazon?

-Wielding a sword -Breasts are exposed

True or False, according to Apollodorus, Hera helped Jason pass through the Symplegades.

True

pontos

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