N361 Davis Assessment Questions for Exam 2
The nurse suspects hepatic encephalopathy in a pt. with severe liver dysfunction. Which symptom may support the nurse's conclusion? A. Stupor B. Ascites C. Hematemesis D. Spider angiomata
A
After checking the thyroid hormone levels in the laboratory report of a patient suspected to have an endocrine disorder, the nurse concludes that the patient has secondary hypothyroidism. Which findings support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply. A. Low T4 levels B. Low thyroid-stimulating hormone levels C. High thyroid-stimulating hormone levels D. Normal T3, T4 levels E. Normal T3, low T4 levels
A and B
Chronic renal failure may be associated with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply. A. diabetes B. hypertension C. staphylococcal infections D. influenza infection E. osteoporosis
A and B
Which of the following may cause peptic ulcer disease? Select all that apply. A. Alcohol abuse B. Helicobacter pylori infection C. Bariatric surgery D. Hiatal hernia E. Celiac disease
A and B
Which statements are valid only for prerenal kidney injury when compared with both intrarenal and postrenal kidney injury? Select all that apply. A. Prerenal is caused by any condition that decreases blood flow and renal perfusion. B. Prerenal can be caused by hypovolemic shock. C. Prerenal can be caused by radiopaque dye used in imaging studies. D. Prerenal is associated with a significant increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). E. Prerenal can be caused by prostatic hyperplasia.
A and B
Which disorders of the large intestine produce alteration in the intestinal wall's integrity? Select all that apply. A. Crohn's disease B. Appendicitis C. Ulcerative colitis D. Bowel obstruction E. Irritable bowel syndrome
A and C
Hyperglycemia may result in which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Increased serum osmolarity B. Decreased kidney filtration of glucose C. Decreased urination D. Shift of intracellular fluid into extracellular fluid E. Suppression of thirst mechanism
A and D
Which of the following are true? Select all that apply. A. Renin levels increase with poor kidney perfusion B. Heart failure results in post renal failure C. Staphylococcal infections are common causes of kidney failure D. Nephrotoxic drugs are a cause of infrarenal failure E. Spinal stenosis pain is a common symptom of kidney dysfunction
A and D
After explaining about viral hepatitis to a group of nursing students, the registered nurse asks, "What are the common changes observed in this condition?" Which responses made by the student nurse indicates effective learning? Select all that apply. A. "There will be an infiltration of white blood cells." B. "The liver becomes infiltrated with fibrotic tissue." C. "Acetaminophen use can cause viral hepatitis." D. "Activation of stellate cells takes place in viral hepatitis." E. "Serological tests are used to diagnose hepatitis."
A and E
Pheochromocytoma __________________. Select all that apply. A. is a disorder of the adrenal medulla. B. results in elevated cortisol levels. C. mimics Addison's disease. D. results in reduced norepinephrine levels. E. may cause elevated heart rate and blood pressure.
A and E
A nurse finds that the diagnostic report of a patient shows gallstones in the cystic duct. Which substance is most commonly found in gallstones? A. cholesterol B. calcium C. oxalic acid D. uric acid E. cystine
A.
A nurse is caring for a patient with bladder cancer. Which symptom should the nurse expect to find? A. Painless, intermittent, gross hematuria B. Presence of a palpable mass in the lower abdomen C. Burning sensation on urination D. Urgency, frequency, and dysuria E. Discharge from the urethra
A.
An inability to pass gas or produce a bowel movement may represent _____________. A. an intestinal obstruction B. an appendicitis C. ulcerative colitis D. Celiac disease E. pseudopolyps
A.
Decreased perfusion of the kidneys results in which type of kidney failure? A. Prerenal B. Infrarenal C. Postrenal
A.
Primary hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by ______________. A. a tumor of the parathyroid glands B. a tumor of the anterior pituitary C. elevated serum calcium levels D. excess adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion E. kidney failure
A.
The Somogyi effect results in morning __________________ following nocturnal _______________. A. hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia B. hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia C. hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia D. hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia
A.
What is the cause of polycystic kidney disease? A. Genetic disorder B. Elevated blood sugar C. Autoantibody attack of the glomeruli D. Precipitation of crystals in filtrate E. Damage to the renal tubules
A.
What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis? A. Streptococcal infection B. Cytomegalovirus C. Epstein-Barr virus D. Staphylococcal infection E. Systemic lupus erythematosus
A.
Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with Crohn's disease? A. Crohn's disease is a condition of altered motility. B. Crohn's disease can affect the entire length of the GI tract. C. Crohn's disease affects the entire thickness of the intestinal wall. D. Crohn's disease results from inflammation. E. Crohn's disease produces skip lesions and cobble-stoning.
A.
Which of the following conditions is not a long-term complication associated with diabetes mellitus? A. Joint and muscle pain. B. Coronary artery disease C. Cardiovascular disease D. Peripheral vascular disease E. Blindness
A.
Which of the following laboratory values indicate a primary disorder of the thyroid gland? A. Low thyrotropin-releasing hormone, low thyroid-stimulating hormone, high thyroid hormone B. Low thyrotropin-releasing hormone, low thyroid-stimulating hormone, low thyroid hormone C. High thyrotropin-releasing hormone, high thyroid-stimulating hormone, high thyroid hormone D. Normal thyrotropin-releasing hormone, normal thyroid-stimulating hormone, normal thyroid hormone E. Low thyrotropin-releasing hormone, high thyroid-stimulating hormone, high thyroid hormone
A.
Which organism is the most common cause of lower urinary tract infections? A. Escherichia coli B. Proteus C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Staphylococcus saprophytic E. Pseudomonas
A.
While assessing a client who has a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, the nurse finds deviation of the tongue to one side. The caregiver of the client tells the nurse that the client regurgitates food and has difficulty in swallowing. The primary healthcare provider prescribes a barium swallow test, conventional chest x-ray, and an order for parenteral nutrition. Which pathological disease should the nurse expect in the client? A. Dysphagia B. Esophagitis C. Hiatal hernia D. GERD E. Peptic ulcer disease
A.
A nurse is assessing the laboratory results of a client who is suspected of having glomerular damage. Which value of serum albumin is most indicative of the condition in this client? A. 2.5 g/dL B. 4.0 g/dL C. 5.0 g/dL D. 5.5 g/dL E. 6.0 g/dL
A. a low serum albumin level would be indicative of glomerular damage
Excess antidiuretic hormone is associated with which of the following conditions? A. Central diabetes insipidus B. Graves' disease C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis D. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone E. Acromegaly
D.
Gastrointestinal problems, bladder control issues, and sweating dysregulation may occur in individuals with diabetes as a result of _____________________. A. peripheral neuropathy B. poor wound healing C. suppression of T cell function D. autonomic neuropathy E. retinopathy
D.
Increasing cortisol levels will _____________________. A. stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone production B. stimulate corticotropic-releasing factor production C. suppress posterior pituitary activity D. suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion E. stimulate posterior pituitary secretions
D.
Laboratory values for a patient reveal elevated serum amylase and lipase. What condition do you suspect? A. cholelithiasis B. cholecystitis C. Grey Turner disease D. pancreatitis E. hepatitis
D.
Patients with diabetes should eat regular meals with approximately ______________ percent of the calories provided by carbohydrates. A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 50 E. 70
D.
Place the following events related to hyperglycemia and vascular injury in the proper order. 1. Reduced blood flow 2. Chronic hyperglycemia 3. Endothelial injury 4. Calcified plaque 5. Atherosclerotic plaque A. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 C. 2, 3, 4, 5, 1 D. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1 E. 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
D.
The condition in which outpouchings of a weakened intestinal wall that may become inflamed is known as ________. A. volvulus B. appendicitis C. hemorrhoids D. diverticulitis E. ulcerative colitis
D.
The number one risk factor for diverticula is __________. A. NSAID use B. bacterial infection C. autoimmune condition D. weakened intestinal wall E. increased stomach acid secretion
D.
Which bacteria is the most common cause of chronic gastritis? A. Clostridium difficile B. Staphylococcus aureus C. Escherichia coli D. Helicobacter pylori E. Clostridium botulinum
D.
Which of the following conditions result from autoantibodies attacking the glomeruli? A. Polycystic kidney disease B. Nephrolithiasis C. Pyelonephritis D. Goodpasture's syndrome E. Nephrotic syndrome
D.
Which of the following statements about type 1 and type 2 diabetes are correct? A. Treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes are essentially the same. B. Type 2 diabetes is a condition of hypoglycemia, whereas type 1 diabetes is a condition of hyperglycemia. C. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. D. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are required to take insulin. Insulin is not always required for individuals with type 2 diabetes. E. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, cells are resistant to insulin.
D.
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with portal hypertension. What development should the nurse be concerned about? A. Increased fat-soluble vitamin absorption B. Decreased detoxification of the blood C. Increased blood clotting time D. Decreased bile production E. Increased risk for esophageal varices
E.
A nurse is caring for a patient with type 2 diabetes. During a follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the patient has developed hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome. Which symptoms in the patient support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply. A. Dizziness B. Mild hyperglycemia C. Kussmaul's respirations D. Ketoacidosis E. Serum hyperosmolarity
E.
Central diabetes insipidus _________________. Select all that apply. A. causes increased blood glucose. B. is another form of diabetes. C. results in excess water retention. D. Is caused by over secretion of ADH. E. results in increased urine production.
E.
Elevated ketone formation ______________________. A. results from carbohydrate metabolism. B. may reduce the respiratory rate. C. occurs more commonly in type 2 diabetics. D. occurs when lipolysis is suppressed. E. may cause a decrease is serum pH.
E.
In Cushing's syndrome, a ____________ adrenal gland causes elevated levels of _____________. A. hypoactive; adrenocorticotropic hormone B. hyperactive; adrenocorticotropic hormone C. hypoactive; cortisol D. hyperactive; norepinephrine E. hyperactive; cortisol
E.
The nursing instructor is discussing ulcerative colitis with a group of nursing students. Which statement(s) by a student nurse indicates the need for correction? Select all that apply. A. "Ulcerative colitis affects the small and large intestines." B. "Ulcerative colitis affects the inner lining of the large intestine." C. "Ulcerative colitis is more common in caucasians." D. "In ulcerative colitis, pseudopolyps may be seen on examination of the colon." E. "Ulcerative colitis causes skip lesions and cobble-stoning."
A and E
A patient is diagnosed with Goodpasture's syndrome. Which clinical manifestations of the disease would a nurse most likely observe? Select all that apply. A. Tachycardia B. Cyanosis C. Hematuria D. Ascites E. Cold, clammy skin with nausea and vomiting
A, B and C
Which of the following statements about the Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon are correct? Select all that apply. A. Both the Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon are associated with morning hyperglycemia. B. Nocturnal hypoglycemia occurs in the Somogyi effect, but not the dawn phenomenon. C. Morning hypoglycemia occurs in both the Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon. D. Growth hormone elevation at night contributes to the dawn phenomenon. E. In the Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon, blood glucose levels spike after mid-day.
A, B and D
Which of the following are common signs of liver disorders? Select all that apply. A. Increased liver enzyme levels in blood B. Jaundice C. Skin rash D. Fever E. Hepatomegaly
A, B and E
Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. A. Portal hypertension may lead to esophageal varices. B. If the liver is unable to detoxify the blood, ammonia levels may increase. C. Decreased bile production by the liver may lead to reduce absorption of water-soluble vitamins. D. Decreased albumin synthesis by the liver may lead to jaundice. E. Hepatitis may be transmitted by fecal-oral route.
A, B and E
Damage to the glomeruli may result in which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Albuminuria B. Proteinuria C. Hematuria D. Increased serum blood urea nitrogen E. Increased serum creatinine
A, B, C, D and E
Which of the following may cause hyperbilirubinemia? Select all that apply. A. Bile duct obstruction B. Lack of albumin synthesis C. Increased red blood cell breakdown D. Injury to hepatocytes E. Lack of prothrombin synthesis
A, C and D
Which of the following are common signs of kidney dysfunction? Select all that apply. A. Costovertebral angle pain B. Rash C. Hematuria D. Decreased serum creatinine E. Proteinuria
A, C and E
Which of the following scenarios may result in hypoglycemia? Select all that apply. A. Excess insulin B. Recent carbohydrate ingestion C. Insufficient insulin D. Increased physical activity E. Insufficient carbohydrate intake
A, D and E
Which of the following tests may be used to diagnose type 2 diabetes? Select all that apply. A. Fasting blood glucose B. Hemoglobin and hematocrit C. Dexamethasone suppression test D. Oral glucose tolerance test E. HbA1c
A, D and E
The nurse finds decreased T3 and T4 hormone levels in the laboratory report of a patient diagnosed with an endocrine disorder. What specific characteristics does the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. A. Weight gain B. Decreased heart rate C. Feeling cold D. Fatigue E. Weight loss
A-D
A patient arrives with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following are associated with diabetic ketoacidosis? Select all that apply A. Elevated serum ketones B. Decreased blood pH C. More common in type 1 diabetes D. Kussmaul's respirations E. Acetone-smelling breath
A-E
Which conditions may be caused by chronic hyperglycemia? Select all that apply. A. Retinopathy B. Neuropathy C. Increased infection risk D. Nephropathy E. Poor wound healing
A-E
Which of the following are keys to understanding endocrine dysfunction? Select all that apply. A. Understanding normal function of the gland B. Understanding hypofunction C. Understanding the location of the dysfunction D. Understanding if the disorder is primary, secondary, or tertiary E. Understanding hyperfunction
A-E
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? Select all that apply. A. Sweating B. Dizziness C. Confusion D. Hunger E. Heart palpitations
A-E
4. Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient suffering from Addison's disease? A. Hypoglycemia B. Elevated serum calcium C. Elevated norepinephrine D. Elevated cortisol E. Elevated blood pressure
A.
A nurse is caring for a patient with acute nephrotic syndrome. Which signs indicate that the albumin loss faced by this patient is severe in nature? Select all that apply. A. Edema in the periorbital region B. Edema of the lower extremities C. Pleural effusion D. Flank pain with radiation into the groin E. Crystalluria
B and C
A patient was recently admitted with primary hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following laboratory values would you expect to see? Select all that apply. A. Decreased parathyroid hormone B. Increased serum calcium C. Increased parathyroid hormone D. Increased serum phosphate E. Decreased serum calcium
B and C
Large intestine obstructions___________. Select all that apply. A. always result from mechanical obstructions. B. may occur with volvulus formation. C. may result from weakened intestinal muscles. D. result in hiatal hernias. E. usually present with no signs or symptoms.
B and C
Secondary hyperparathyroidism may result from _______________. Select all that apply. A. a tumor of the anterior pituitary gland. B. any disorder that causes hypocalcemia. C. a tumor of the parathyroid gland. D. suppressed parathyroid hormone secretion. E. failure of the kidneys to reabsorb calcium.
B and C
What clinical finding indicates cholecystitis? Select all that apply. A. Hepatomegaly B. Right upper quadrant pain C. Nausea following a high fat meal D. Cullen sign E. Grey-Turner's sign
B and C
Which of the following are esophageal disorders? Select all that apply. A. Pyloric stenosis B. GERD C. Varices D. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome E. Celiac disease
B and C
Which of the following are waste products that may elevate in the serum when the kidneys are failing? Select all that apply. A. Glomerular filtration rate B. Blood urea nitrogen C. Creatinine D. Albumin E. Leukocyte esterase
B and C
You are currently caring for a patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. What long-term complications may be of concern? Select all that apply. A. Ketoacidosis B. Blindness C. Prolonged wound healing D. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome E. Polyuria
B and C
Graves' disease ________________. Select all that apply. A. is an autoimmune condition of the posterior pituitary. B. is a form of hyperthyroidism. C. causes weight gain, bradycardia, and fatigue. D. results in elevated thyroid hormones. E. is a neurogenic disorder.
B and D
Which of the following are true statements about acute glomerulonephritis? Select all that apply. A. Glomerular permeability is lessened, preventing filtration of the blood. B. Streptococcal infections can result in glomerulonephritis. C. Nephrolithiasis is a primary cause of acute glomerulonephritis. D. In acute glomerulonephritis, blood cells and protein may appear in the urine. E. There are no dietary restrictions for patients with acute glomerulonephritis.
B and D
Chronic hyperglycemia increases__________________________. Select all that apply. A. activity of T cells B. demyelination of neurons C. wound healing D. visual acuity E. risk for cardiovascular disease
B and E
Which of the following are liver enzymes? Select all that apply. A. Bilirubin B. AST C. Albumin D. Prothrombin E. ALT
B and E
Which of the following laboratory values may lead you to believe a patient has Cushing's syndrome? Select all that apply. A. Elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone B. Elevated cortisol C. Elevated norepinephrine D. Reduced cortisol E. Reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone
B and E
Which signs or symptoms would result from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone? Select all that apply. A. Thirst B. Fatigue C. Polyuria D. Dehydration E. Hypervolemia
B and E
A student nurse compares the symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) with nephrolithiasis. Which symptoms should the student nurse identify as likely to be observed in a patient with AGN rather than nephrolithiasis? Select all that apply. A. Ureteral colic pain B. Cola-colored urine C. Sudden edema and hematuria D. Costovertebral angle tenderness E. Cool, clammy skin accompanied by nausea and vomiting
B, C and D
Which of the following "poly's" are related to hyperglycemia? Select all that apply. A. polycythemia B. polyphagia C. polyuria D. polymyalgia E. polydipsia
B, C and E
If a person has not eaten for several hours and is experiencing hypoglycemia, which hormones are released to counteract the hypoglycemia? Select all that apply. A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Epinephrine D. Cortisol E. Growth hormone
B-E
A biliary duct obstruction may cause _______________. A. increased blood clotting time B. increased serum bilirubin levels C. decreased bile production D elevated serum amylase E. liver cancer
B.
A patient with central diabetes insipidus _________________. A. will likely have edema. B. will have increased urine output. C. will have a higher than normal metabolism. D. will drink less water than normal. E. will have elevated antidiuretic levels.
B.
Endocrine laboratory values reveal your patient has a tumor of the anterior pituitary. This tumor secretes excess adrenocorticotropic hormone, which stimulates cortisol by the adrenal gland. What type of endocrine dysfunction does your patient have? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary
B.
Hyperfunction of the ________________ that results in excess growth hormone may cause ___________. A. hypothalamus; acromegaly B. anterior pituitary; acromegaly C. posterior pituitary; acromegaly D. anterior pituitary; Graves' disease E. hypothalamus; Graves' disease
B.
If thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are high and thyroid hormone levels are below normal, then the hypothalamus is demonstrating ________________, the anterior pituitary is demonstrating _____________, and the thyroid gland is demonstrating ________________. A. hyperfunction, hyperfunction, normal function B. hyperfunction, hyperfunction, hypofunction C. hypofunction, hypofunction, hypofunction D. normal function, normal function, normal function E. normal function, normal function, hyperfunction
B.
Ranson criteria are used to evaluate _______________. A. severity of gallstones B. severity of acute pancreatitis C. severity of pancreatic cancer D. severity of live cancer E. severity of cholecystitis
B.
Stone formation within the kidneys in known as _____________________. A. polycystic kidney disease B. nephrolithiasis C. Goodpasture's syndrome D. nephrotic syndrome E. pyelonephritis
B.
Stones located along the urinary tract are known as __________________. A. hydronephrosis B. urolithiasis C. pyelonephritis D. interstitial nephritis E. hydroureter
B.
Which diagnostic test is used to determine the pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)? A. Endoscopy B. Manometry C. Barium swallow test D. Bariatric surgery E. Conventional chest x-ray
B.
Which sign or symptom would you expect patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome to display? A. Extremely low blood glucose levels B. Dehydration C. Decreased urination D. Decreased serum osmolarity E. Elevated blood pressure
B.
Which term refers to distention of the renal pelvis? A. pyelonephritis B. hydronephrosis C. urolithiasis D. cystitis E. nephritis
B.
Which type of infection most commonly causes damage to the kidneys? A. Staphylococcal B. Streptococcal C. Clostridial D. Neisserial E. Pneumococcal
B.
Your aunt has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which test enables her clinician to assess glycemic control over the preceding 3 months? A. Fasting blood glucose B. HbA1c C. Oral glucose tolerance test D. Postprandial glucose E. Urine glucose
B.
Hypofunction of an endocrine gland is associated with which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Graves' disease B. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone C. Hashimoto's thyroiditis D. Central diabetes insipidus E. Acromegaly
C and D
Increasing corticotropin-releasing factor levels will likely ___________________. Select all that apply. A. decrease adrenocorticotropic hormone levels B. increase thyroid hormone levels C. increase cortisol levels D. increase adrenocorticotropic hormone levels E. inhibit anterior pituitary activity
C and D
Which of the following may be associated with diabetic nephropathy? Select all that apply. A. Blunted pain response B. Tingling sensation in extremities C. Hypertension D. Albumin in urine E. Ketones in the urine
C and D
Chronic hyperglycemia may cause ____________________. Select all that apply. A. microvascular angiopathy only B. macrovascular angiopathy only C. both microvascular and macrovascular antipathy D. damage to peripheral, but not autonomic nervous system E. damage to both peripheral and autonomic nervous systems
C and E
Infection of the renal system may be evident by the presence of which of the following in a urine sample? Select all that apply. A. Glucose B. Albumin C. Leukocyte esterase D. Calcium E. Nitrite
C and E
Which of the following may indicate damage to the pancreas? Select all that apply. A. Prolonged clotting time B. Decreased AST C. Elevated serum amylase D. Decreased ALT E. Elevated serum lipase
C and E
The registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about hyperbilirubinemia. Which statements made by a student nurse indicates effective learning? Select all that apply. A. "Steatosis can cause hyperbilirubinemia." B. "Hemochromatosis can cause hyperbilirubinemia." C. "Bile duct obstruction can cause hyperbilirubinemia." D. "Hepatocellular injury can cause hyperbilirubinemia." E. "Excessive RBC hemolysis can cause hyperbilirubinemia."
C, D and E
A disorder of the anterior pituitary resulting in elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone is known as ____________. A. Cushing's syndrome B. Addison's disease C. Cushing's disease D. pheochromocytoma E. acromegaly
C.
A patient presents with no urinary tract symptoms, yet two consecutive urinalysis results reveal a colony count exceeding 100,000 bacteria. What is the possible diagnosis? A. Urinary incontinence B. Interstitial cystitis C. Asymptomatic bacteriuria D. Bladder cancer E. Nephrotic syndrome
C.
Acromegaly is caused by __________________. A. excess antidiuretic hormone B. deficient antidiuretic hormone C. excess growth hormone D. excess cortisol E. excess thyroid hormone
C.
Corticotropin-releasing factor is produced by which tissues? Select all that apply. A. Adrenal glands B. Anterior pituitary C. Hypothalamus D. Ovaries E. Testes
C.
If thyrotropin-releasing hormone, from the hypothalamus, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, from the anterior pituitary, are both lower than normal and thyroid hormone levels are elevated, the thyroid gland is demonstrating ___________________. A. normal function B. hypofunction C. hyperfunction
C.
Increasing serum creatinine levels may indicate _________________. A. increasing glomerular filtration rate B. azotemia C. reduced glomerular filtration rate D. decreased blood urea nitrogen E. increasing kidney function
C.
Kidney failure may cause reduced vitamin ___________ synthesis, resulting in reduced _____________ absorption. A. E, calcium B. D, potassium C. D, calcium D. E, albumin E. A, calcium
C.
Place the following sequence of events in the proper order. 1. Decreased T cell activity and increased microorganism growth causes infection of the wound. 2. Hyperglycemia causes demyelination of peripheral nerves. 3. Development of infection in wound prolongs healing of the wound, resulting in further damage. 4. Decreased pain sensation results in blister being formed on foot without person being aware. 5. Blister forms into a wound, as blood supply to wounded area is compromised. A. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5 B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 C. 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 D. 3, 2, 4, 1, 5 E. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1
C.
The diagnostic reports of a patient show inflammation of the colon, but not the small intestine, and the formation of pseudopolyps. What condition do you suspect the patient may have? A. Appendicitis B. Crohn's disease C. Ulcerative colitis D. Irritable bowel syndrome E. Diverticulitis
C.
The most common cause of thyroid hyperfunction is ______________. A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis. B. a tumor of the pituitary. C. Graves' disease. D. elevated TSH. E. autoimmune attack of thyroid hormone-producing cells.
C.
The physical examination findings of a patient who has liver disease show dilated veins over the umbilical area of the abdomen. What is this finding called? A. Ascites B. Asterixis C. Caput medusa D. Palmar erythema E. Jaundice
C.
What is an initial sign of diabetic nephropathy? A. Ketones in urine B. Increased serum osmolarity C. Albumin in the urine D. Acidic urine E. Glucose in urine
C.
Which form of hepatitis is primarily transmitted through the blood, often through IV drug use? A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis B C. Hepatitis C D. Hepatitis D E. Hepatitis E
C.
Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas and causes the liver to release glucose into the blood to counteract hypoglycemia? A. Cortisol B. Epinephrine C. Glucagon D. Insulin E. Growth hormone
C.
Which of the following is suspected in a patient who has an obstruction in the common bile duct? A. Chronic pancreatitis B. Diabetes C. Jaundice D. Pancreatic cancer E. Hepatitis
C.
Which of the following is true regarding interstitial cystitis? A. Interstitial cystitis is a painless condition. B. Interstitial cystitis leads to bladder cancer. C. Pain from interstitial cystitis may be relieved with urination. D. Bacterial infections cause interstitial cystitis. E. The cause of interstitial cystitis is known.
C.
Which of the following medications may increase the risk for an upper GI disorder? A. Statins B. ACE inhibitors C. NSAIDs D. Diuretic E. Bile acid sequestrants
C.
Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding of the epidemiology of common urologic disorders? A. "Young adult men are 30 times more likely to suffer from a lower urinary tract infection than young adult women." B. "The lifetime prevalence of urolithiasis is 12 percent for women in the United States." C. "Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common cause of urinary obstruction." D. "Urolithiasis is a common cause of urinary obstruction and is more common in women." E. "Urinary incontinence is five times more common in men than women."
C.
Which substance is responsible for the yellow color of urine? A. Bilirubin B. Biliverdin C. Urobilinogen D. Stercobilinogen E. Steatobilirubin
C.
A patient with type 2 DM has decided to modify her lifestyle habits to help regulate her blood glucose levels. Which of the following lifestyle changes would you recommend? Select all that apply. A. Eat one large meal for lunch and a snack for breakfast and dinner. B. Select meals with simple carbohydrates with a high glycemic value to provide immediate energy. C. Self-monitor blood glucose levels at least one time per week. D. Follow a regular meal schedule with meals containing low glycemic carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. E. Complete a moderate, daily exercise program.
D and E
Which disorders of the large intestine produce alteration in the motility? Select all that apply. A. Appendicitis B. Crohn's disease C. Ulcerative colitis D. Bowel obstruction E. Irritable bowel syndrome
D and E
Which of the following are typically associated with bladder cancer? Select all that apply. A. Severe pain B. Urethral discharge C. Large, palpable mass D. Painless hematuria E. Transitional cell carcinoma is most common form
D and E
Your aunt was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, which of the following statements are true regarding her condition? Select all that apply. A. In type 2 diabetes, the body no longer produces insulin. B. In type 2 diabetes, blood glucose levels are lower than normal. C. Autoimmune attack of the beta cells in the pancreas causes type 2 diabetes. D. Obesity and lack of physical activity are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. E. In type 2 diabetes, cells demonstrate resistance to insulin.
D and E
A nurse is assessing a patient who was admitted for emergency treatment for a severe peptic ulcer. Which concern is the nurse likely to have for the patient? A. Dysphagia B. Hiatal hernia C. Gastroenteritis D. Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding E. Pyloric stenosis
D.
A patient complains of nausea and vomiting after eating, along with right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the right shoulder. What condition do you suspect? A. Pancreatic cancer B. Peptic ulcer disease C. Liver cancer D. Cholecystitis E. Acute pancreatitis
D.
An autoimmune response to gluten-derived peptides is known as _____________. A. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome B. rickets C. peptic ulcer disease D. Celiac disease E. GERD
D.
Bouts of constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal distention are associated with _____________. A. Crohn's disease B. ulcerative colitis C. diverticulosis D. irritable bowel syndrome E. appendicitis
D.
Destruction or removal of the parathyroid glands will cause _________________. A. primary hyperparathyroidism B. pheochromocytoma C. secondary hypoparathyroidism D. primary hypoparathyroidism E. Cushing's disease
D.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-end organ progression of hormones is best represented by _____________. A. Cortisol - corticotropin-releasing factor - adrenocorticotropic hormone B. Cortisol - adrenocorticotropic hormone - corticotropin-releasing factor C. Corticotropin-releasing factor - cortisol -- adrenocorticotropic hormone D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone - corticotropin-releasing factor - cortisol E. Corticotropin-releasing factor - adrenocorticotropic hormone - cortisol
E.
To determine if a patient is suffering from pheochromocytoma, which laboratory values would you examine? A. Cortisol B. Parathyroid hormone C. Aldosterone D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone E. Norepinephrine
E.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes often involves a stepwise approach. Place the treatment options in the order in which they are commonly utilized. 1. Insulin 2. Monotherapy of oral antidiabetic agent 3. Combination of oral antidiabetic agents 4. Lifestyle modifications A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 4, 2, 3 C. 2, 3, 1, 4 D. 4, 1, 2, 3 E. 4, 2, 3, 1
E.
Which disorder is treated with Whipple procedure? A. Cholelithiasis B. Calculous cholecystitis C. Cholecystitis D. Acute pancreatitis E. Pancreatic cancer
E.
Which is an early sign of pancreatic cancer? Select all that apply. A. Grey Turner sign B. Epigastric pain C. Steatorrhea D. Cullen sign E. Jaundice
E.
Which of the following may result in dumping syndrome? A. Hiatal hernia B. Esophageal varices C. Pyloric stenosis D. GERD E. Bariatric surgery
E.
What's hematemesis associated with?
esophageal varices
Liver not function can't breakdown androgens, ____________ builds up --> spider angiomata
estrogen
