N520 Hesi practice

Spinal fusion is performed in an adolescent with scoliosis. What postoperative nursing intervention is specifically related to surgery for scoliosis? 1 Log-rolling every 2 hours 2 Checking the dressing frequently 3 Supervising deep-breathing exercises 4 Maintaining the adolescent in the supine position for 3 days

1 Log-rolling every 2 hours ----------------------------- Log-rolling is necessary to prevent movement of the newly aligned and instrumented vertebrae and should be done frequently to prevent skin breakdown. Dressings are checked frequently in all postoperative clients; this action is nonspecific. Coughing and deep-breathing are done by most postoperative clients; this action is nonspecific. The client who has had a spinal fusion may be turned and still be protected from injury with log-rolling. Remaining in one position for 3 days could lead to skin breakdown from unrelieved pressure.

A nurse is teaching a 15-year-old adolescent with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes about self-care. What is the primary long-term goal this nurse and client should agree on? 1 Maintaining normoglycemia 2 Complying with the diabetic diet 3 Adhering to an exercise program 4 Developing a nonstressful lifestyle

1 Maintaining normoglycemia ------------------------------------ Maintaining normoglycemia is a realistic goal because it decreases the risk of complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and atherosclerosis. A regimen of insulin, exercise, and diet will help the adolescent achieve this goal. Compliance with a diabetic diet is an objective because it will help the adolescent achieve the long-term goal; diet alone is insufficient to achieve normoglycemia. Adherence to an exercise program is an objective because it will help the adolescent achieve the long-term goal; exercise alone is insufficient to achieve normoglycemia. Development of a nonstressful lifestyle is a worthwhile goal, but it is not realistic.

Which statement is true regarding cortisol? 1 Cortisol metabolizes free fatty acids. 2 Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis. 3 Cortisol stimulates protein synthesis. 4 Cortisol levels decline in stressful conditions. .

2 Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis. ----------------------------------------- Cortisol maintains the blood glucose concentration by stimulating the liver for gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis involves formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids. Cortisol mobilizes free fatty acids and inhibits protein synthesis. The blood levels of cortisol increase in stressful conditions

Which statement is true regarding the Hering-Breuer reflex? 1 Increases tidal volume 2 Decreases respiratory rate 3 Prevents overdistension of the lungs 4 Reduces the number of functional alveoli

3 Prevents overdistension of the lungs ------------------------------------------ The Hering-Breuer reflex prevents overdistention of the lungs. An increase in hydrogen ion concentration will cause an increase in the tidal volume via central chemoreceptors. A decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration will cause a decreased respiratory rate via peripheral chemoreceptors. The Hering-Breuer reflex does not cause a reduction in the number of functional alveoli.

Which statement helps the nurse determine that a woman with genital herpes (HSV-2) understands her self-care in regards to this infection? 1 "When I have a baby, I don't want a cesarean." 2 "I can have sex as soon as the herpes sores have healed." 3 "When I finish the acyclovir prescription I will be cured." 4 "I must be careful when I have sex because herpes is a lifelong problem."

4 "I must be careful when I have sex because herpes is a lifelong problem." -------------------------------------- Genital herpes (HSV-2) is characterized by remissions and exacerbations; it cannot be cured. Most pregnant women with HSV-2 have cesarean deliveries to prevent their newborns from contracting the disease while passing through the vagina. Clients should abstain from sex until 10 days after the lesions heal. Herpes can be controlled, not cured.