Napoleon

Poland

1806; France vs. Russia; a.k.a. Grand Duchy of Warsaw; Friedland - France defeated Russian Troops; France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia

defeat England through economic war

Napoleon's purpose in instituting the Continental System was...

Danube, Italy

1805; France vs. Britain, Austria, & Russia; 3rd Coalition; Ulm - France defeated Austria; Austerlitz - France defeated Austria & Russia

Sea Power

1805; France vs. Britain; Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: French Navy Lost!)

Berlin Decree

1806-issued by Napoleon, instituted the Continental System, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control.

Louis XVIII

(1814-1824) Restored Bourbon throne after the Revoltion. He accepted Napoleon's Civil Code (principle of equality before the law), honored the property rights of those who had purchased confiscated land and establish a bicameral (two-house) legislature consisting of the Chamber of Peers (chosen by king) and the Chamber of Deputies (chosen by an electorate).

Continental System

1806; France vs. Spain, Portugal; Portugal did not comply with this system; France wanted Spain's support to invade Portugal; Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well

oligarchy

A form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people. These people could be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, or military control.

Organic Articles

A series of laws to help supervise the rights of other religions in France besides Catholicism.

Enlightened Despot

Absolute rulers who imposed reforms that would benefit their subjects as well as themselves.

was divided into departments rather than provinces

After the French Revolution and the Napoleon era, France...

Battle of Leipzig

Also known as the Battle of the Nations; in October 1813, the combined armies of the fourth coaliton decisively defeated Napoleon and the French army

The Spanish Ulcer

Also known as the Peninsular War. Napoleon decided to conquer Spain and after forcing the Spanish king to abdiccate, Napoleon made his brother king. The British sent an army to help the Spanish and Portuguese drive out the French. He failed to suppress the Spanish uprising and defeat the British. Lasted from 1808 to 1814. Napoleon continued to control Spain's government, but the campaign drained the French military resources. In 1814, the Spanish, with British helped drive out Joseph Bonaparte. They drew a new constitution that provided a limited monarchy. The Spanish revolt with the new constitution illustrated the tremendous influence of the ideals of the French Revolution.

100 Days

Napoleon's escape from Elba back to France where he is reunited with his old army am marches through southern France

Concordat of 1801

An agreement between Napoleon and the Papacy which declared Catholicism " the religion of the majority of the French citizens."

Rosetta Stone

An ancient Egyptian stone inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. The decree appeard in 3 scripts: the uppertext is text is Ancient Egytian hieroglyphics, the middle portion Demotic script, and the lowest Ancient Greek.

Legion of Honor

An executive group consisting of talented and meritorious people from the French population, for their service to the nation.

"order in council"

Britain proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the continent

Battle of Trafalgar

British victory in 1805 which destroyed Napoleon's plan to invade England and secured Britain's dominance over naval power during the 19th century.

Confederation of the Rhine

Composed of 16 German states who excepted French presence in southern Germany, and promised to support Napoleon if war broke out. It also ended the Holy Roman Empire.

Fourth Coalition

Comprised of Prussia, Russia, Britain, Saxony, and Sweden, they fought against Napoleon from 1806-7. The war featured several major victories for the French, who conquered almost all of Prussia and Poland; the war ended with the Treaties of Tilsit.

Consulate

Form of government which followed the directory -established by Napoleon-ended when Napoleon was crowned emperor.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Former slave whom aided in the independence of Haiti from the French.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

Admiral Hiratio Nelson

He was a flag officer, famous for his service in the royal navy, particulary during the Napoleonic Wars. He was noted for his inspirational leadership and superb grasp stategy and inconventional tactics, which resulted in a number of decisive naval victories.

he replaced the empire with the Confederation of the Rhine

How did Napoleon deal with the Holy Roman Empire?

Goya

I depicted the cruelty of the French in their attacks on Spanish citizens in my paintings.

equality under the law, but not political freedom

In general, Napoleon championed...

Haratio Nelson

Leader of the English fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar, he died in the battle but the success of his fleet was one of history's most decisive victories

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

Confederation of the Rhine

Napoleon formed this in 1807 from a league of about 20 German princes. Each was sovereign and the confederation included the kingdoms of Saxony, Bavaria, Wurtemburg and Westphalia. Westphalia was made up of Hanover and bits of Prussia. Napoleon put his youngest brother, Jerome, on the throne.

Jacobins

Napoleon joined the _________ shortly after the French Revolution

Waterloo

Napoleon mobilized his army against the English and Prussians after his return from Elba. The Prussian army comes to the aid of the English and defeat Napoleon's army

Grand Armee

Napoleon's army that consisted of 614,000 men

Peninsular War

Napoleon's attempt to march across Spain in order to conquer Portugal. Napoleon attempts to secure French control over Spain and is meet with opposition by Spanish guerrillas.

allowing the countries to govern themselves for 6 years

Napoleon's conquest of Spain claimed its American Empire by....

Continental System

Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe.

Josephine de Beuharnais

She was the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte, and thus the first Empress if the French. Her first husband was guillotined during the Reign of Terror, and she imprisoned in the Carmes prison until her release 5 days after her husband's executuion

Lycees

State secondary schools, intended to give it's students technical training and to produce loyal military officers and government officials from the graduates

Napoleonic Code

The French legal system enacted in 1804 containing the details for French civil , commercial, and criminal war.

Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia

The Quadruple alliance against Napoleon consisted of what European powers?

Hundred Days

The brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming Emperor of France

War of 1812

The edicts of the Continental System eventually led to the...

Continental System

The establishment of a French blockade of English ships from docking in European ports, therefore, crippling English trade

Metternich

The foreign minister of Austria who helped to manage and control the agreement made by European nations in the Congress of Vienna. He was a conservative and believed in absolutism.

Consulate

The government established after the overthrow of the Directory to bring political satiability and strengthen Napoleon's executive power

Elba

The island where Napoleon was exiled to after his first defeat as emperor in France.

The "Big Blunder"

The retreat from Spain came on the heels of Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign (1812-1813); In July 1812, Napoleon led his Grand Armee eastward across central Europe and into Russia. - Russians avoided direct contact with Napoleon - Retreated to Moscow, drawing French into interior of Russia. - Russian nobles abandoned estates and burned their crops to the ground.

Marie-Louise (of Austria)

The second wife of Napoleon. They were married on March 12, 1810 in Vienna, creating an alliance between Austria and France.

Elba

The tiny island that Napoleon was granted after his abdication. Off the coast of Italy. (1st exile)

Treaty of Fountainbleau

This finalized the exile of Napoleon to a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italy where Napoleon would be emperor of Elba alone.

Concordat of 1801

This is the agreement between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon that healed the religious division in France by giving the French Catholics free practice of their religion and Napoleon political power

Lycees

This was established in 1801 as educational reform. It initially enrolled the nation's most talented students. They did have to pay tuition, although, there was some financial help for poorer students. This was where they trained the nation's future bureaucrats

Napoleonic Code

This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy

Council of 500

This was the lower house of the legislature of france during the period commonly known as the Directory, from August 22,1795 until November 9, 1799, roughly the second half of the period generally referred to as the French Revolution.

1812 Invasion of Russia

This was the result of Napoleon's growing frustrations with the inefficiency of the Continental system and his growing interests in the Mediterranean region.

Prussia

What country was NOT ruled by a member of the Bonaparte family during the first decade of the 19c?

Napoleon's invasion of Spain

What was the direct cause of the rebellions in Latin America in the first part of the 19c?

it was a symbolic gesture to show his independence

Why is it significant that Napoleon crowned himself as Emperor of the first French Empire in 1804

Battle of Trafalgar

an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.

Battle of Austerlitz

battle between Austria, Russia, and France; the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian armies of Czar Alexander I and the Austrian armies of Emperor Francis II

Third Coalition

consisted of Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden, and Prussia, defeated by Napoleon in brilliant victories (only defeat was off southern coast of Spain)(stopped invasion of England and ensure British Naval supremacy)

Second Coalition

in 1799, the two remaining members were Austria and Great Britain, which had been formed against France in 1798. when these overtures were rejected, French armies led by Napoleon decisively defeated the Austrians.

Milan Decree

in 1807 which proclaimed that any vessel that submitted to British regulation or allowed itself to be searched by the Royal Navy was subject to seizure by France.

Duke of Wellington

leader of the combined British and Prussian army; would defeat Napoleon at Waterloo

St. Helena

place of napoleons second/last exile and death

Battle of Jena

the battle in October 1806 in which Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians., To punish Prussia for joining the Third Coalition, Napoleon engaged in this battle. He obliterated the Prussian army and occupied their capital city of Berlin. King of Prussia Fredrick william the third asked protection from the Tzar of Russia against Napoleon

Waterloo

the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat, Located in Belgium, the place where the british army and the prussian army forces attacked the french. Napoleon's final defeat against the British and Prussians

Battle of Borodino

the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic era, fought outside of Moscow; both sides had terrible losses, but the Russian army was not defeated; Napoleon gained nothing substantial and when Moscow was burned, the French forces were left completely cut off. Napoleon regarded this battle as a loss.

Goal of the Continental System

to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon's mastery over Europe

Peninsular Campaign

when Napoleon sent troops into Portugal to impose the Continental System there