Narrative Elements

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fable

a short story meant to teach a lesson; uses animals as characters

second person

The narrator tells a listener what he/she has done or said, using the personal pronoun "you."

Climax

The turning point of a story that eventually leads to the resolution.

character vs. character

a conflict describing Harry Potter vs. Voldemort or Luke Skywalker vs. Darth Vader

first person

a point of view where the narrator is a character in the story; uses pronouns like I, my, we, and us

narrative essay

a short piece of writing that expresses an idea on a subject that is based on true experience

antagonist

A character or force in conflict with the main character

foreshadowing

A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.

The inciting incident of "One Man Band"

A little girl shows up with a coin.

The exposition of "One Man Band"

A man is playing music in a town square and no one is around.

flashback

A scene that interrupts the normal chronological sequence of events in a story to depict something that happened at an earlier time

The rising action of "One Man Band"

A second musician shows up and competes for the little girl's coin.

Rising Action

A series of events that builds from the conflict. It begins with the inciting incident and ends with the climax.

plot

A series of related events in a story, each connected to the next.

legend

A story that has some historical truth to it, but is not entirely true.

tone

A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through word choice

direct characterization

Author directly describes character

imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

Resolution

End of the story where loose ends are tied up and the problem is finally resolved

Slow pacing

Ex: "As the rain fell, he looked out his window with his head resting gently upon his folded arms. He contemplated all that had happened that day with a somber attitude, filing through the days events like slides in a mental slideshow."

Quick pacing

Ex: "He grabbed his sword. Forcefully, he thrust it toward his foe. The enemy struck back. They battled, back and forth, for an hour. Feet moved in a flutter. Sweat poured from their brows."

mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader

Exposition

Introduces the characters, settings, and opening situations of a story

setting

It refers to the time and place which the events of a story take place.

PIE

The acronym for purpose; it stands for persuade, inform, and entertain

protagonist

The central character in a work of literature

theme

The central idea or insight in a literary work. Can also be the moral or message that a writer is trying to present.

indirect characterization

The character is revealed through their personality, appearance, words, actions, and effect on others

Falling Action

The events that happen as a result of the climax.

The falling action of "One Man Band"

The girl demands payback for her lost coin from the two musicians and receives a violin.

The climax of "One Man Band"

The girl drops her coin and it falls down the drain.

The resolution of "One Man Band"

The girl takes the money she earned and throws it into the fountain.

third person omniscient

the narrator knows all of the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in a story

third person limited

the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character

Inciting Incident

the scene that "gets the plot going" - start of the conflict

character vs. society

a conflict describing Katniss Everdeen vs. the government of Panem or a man who opposes the law

character vs. supernatural

a conflict describing a man fighting Zeus or trying to escape fate

character vs. technology

a conflict describing someone fighting a robot or a computer program

character vs. nature

a conflict describing someone running away from a tornado or trying to survive an earthquake

folktale

a story handed down from one generation to another

myth

a story with gods, goddesses, or mythological creatures that was once believed to be true but is actually false.


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