NASM Section 3 Human Movement Science

What are essential amino acids?

Amino acids that must be consumed because they cannot be created by the body

Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?

Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch

Which of the following muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat?

Quadriceps

What term is used to describe the concept of how the functioning of one body segment can impact other areas of the body?

Regional interdependence

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula?

Serratus anterior

Which muscle functions as part of the global muscular system?

Erector spinae

What surrounds the skeletal muscles and connects them to other surrounding muscles?

Fascia

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

How much fluid is recommended for rehydration after an intense training session or event?

1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity

What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for carbohydrate in the diet?

45 to 65% of total calories

How many B vitamins are there?

8

Eversion

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of foot faces outward.

Inversion

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward.

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Absorption of food and passage of waste into the rectum

Before carbohydrates, fat, or protein can enter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be converted to what common molecule?

Acetyl CoA

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Movements that take place within a joint and are not visible to the human eye may be classified in what way?

Arthrokinematic

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.

Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during a concentric contraction?

As the velocity of the muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases.

Stored energy from an efficiently functioning stretch-shortening cycle is released during which muscle action?

Concentric

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Concentric

What type of lever could be described as having a fulcrum in the middle like a seesaw?

First class

Which is very important as a prenatal vitamin?

Folate

Which type of exercise accommodates effort whereby the harder the individual pushes or pulls, the more resistance they feel, despite the movement speed remaining constant?

Isokinetic

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Lateral subsystem

Osteokinematics

Movement of a limb that is visible.

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

Multifidus

What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback?

Proprioception

What scientific term is used to describe the concept whereby a loaded eccentric contraction prepares the muscles for a rapid concentric contraction?

Stretch-shortening cycle

Which organization must approve a supplement prior to it being sold?

Supplements do not require approval prior to sale.

Which concept should be used to describe the functioning of the serratus anterior as it assists the anterior deltoid during shoulder flexion?

Synergist

Elasticity

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched.

What is stroke volume?

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction

What is a kilocalorie (kcal)?

The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. It is also the same thing as 1 food calorie.

Arthrokinematics

The description of joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, and spin.

What is glycogen?

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?

Transverse

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

Troponin