National Code of Ethics for Interpreters in Health Care, Interpreter Module 3: Strategic Mediation, Interpreter training, Community Interpreting Training, Interpreter Training Mid-term, Interpreter Review Module 2: Interpreter Protocols and Skills, C...

Interpreter positions

#1 interpreter stands or sits beside the provider, facing the patient #2 interpreter stands or sits beside the patient at a 45 degree angle ******IDEAL POSITION #3 interpreter stands or sits between patient and provider, forming a triangle

Why is transparency ( mean report what has just said to other party) so important when you mediate?

+ Built trust + prevent suspicious + Not trigger a service complaint + show respect

3 message transfer skills for interpreters

- Anticipating ( foreseeing message of provider through research) - Parroting ( word for word ) - Paraphrasing ( changing word but same meaning)

Steps of post-encounter ( after interpreting section)

- Debriefing: review your performance -Analysis

How to perform turn-taking management ?

- Develop your memory skills - ask the speakers to pause

Why memory skills matter for interpreter ?

- Help to interpret long message without interrupting the speaker - Help parties communicate more naturally - Interpreter can be more accurate and support direct communication and communicative anatomy

Skills that interpreter should have?

- Memory skills - Message Transfer Skills

risks of mediation

- make the appointment longer

Why shouldn't you explain a cultural misunderstanding yourself?

- you are not cultural expert - you may not even know different culture within your country

When can you mediating?

-Language challenge - Role confusion - Cultural misunderstanding - Service system barrier

What are 3 strategies of memory skills?

-Mnemonics ( use acronyms-từ viết tắt, Ex: CRAP I CRAP) -Chunking - Imagery and Visualization

Steps of pre-encounter

-Preparation : client's name, language, location, time, research - Briefing ( optional): communicate with receptionist

Steps of encounter

-Professional Introduction -Interpreting -Intervening (stop flow of communication)/Mediating ( explain for the misunderstanding of communication)

What are exceptions to direct speak? ( or when you use 3rd person-"he/she said" instead of I )

-Rape case/horrific cases - Emergency case - Multiple parties, Ex: family member - Child, elderly, mentally disable person

Risks for explaining culture

-take up time - Get into a side conversation - offend someone - mistakes, poor outcome - misunderstanding

Which documents are acceptable for sight translation

1 or 2 page maximum in length Nothing complex, advanced, legal

How to perform non-intrusive mediation?

1) If a serious cultural barrier happen, follow the 5 steps of Strategic mediation Model 2) When mediate, identify the cultural misunderstand to both parties brief and clear 3) Do Not speak about the thought and believes of each parties 4) Avoid making assumption or cultural stereotypes

Examples of cultural misunderstandings

1) in some culture, question doctor or teacher may feel culturally uncomfortable=> provider may think the client know => you may mediate 2) some patient may never heard of dental services 3) question of provider about sexual activities may cause culturally shocking and offensive for patients 4) Doctor asks a patient who is fasting for religious reasons to take an oral mediation.

Which document is it acceptable to sight translation?

1- 2 pages with simple and basic document

Seven Common Values

1. Accuracy 2. Advocacy 3. Confidentiality 4. Cultural competence 5. Impartiality 6. Professionalism 7. Respect

6 steps of CHIA decision-making process

1. Ask question to determine whether there is a problem ( ask in your mind) 2. Identify and clearly state the problem 3. Clarify personal values as they relate to the problem 4. Consider alternative action, include benefits and risks 5. Decide to carry out the action 6. Evaluate the outcome and consider what might be done differently next time

What are 3 steps of sight translation ?

1. Before 2. During 3. After

Which kinds of cases require reporting? (mandatory reporting)

1. Child abuse 2. Elder Abuse 3. Domestic Abuse 4. Threats of violence/danger to self and others 5. Imminent danger

3 modes of interpreting

1. Consecutive 2. Simultaneous 3. Sight translation

Modes of interpreting:

1. Consecutive- "pause" interpreting, most common 2. Simultaneous- most commonly used in legal or conference settings; useful in mental health setting 3. Sight translation 4. Summarization- one or two or more people speak at length, then interpreter summarizes; not recommended due to probability of errors

Three strategies when mediate the cultural misunderstanding

1. Decline to act as a cultural expert 2. Identify the cultural misunderstanding 3. Mediate to describe that misunderstanding- not explain it

Professional introduction should include?

1. Everything you say will be interpreted 2. Everything said will be kept confidential 3. When I do this please pause 4. Please looking at each other when speak

4 Steps for self examination

1. Explore your own Bias 2. Plan Ahead 3. Monitor the situation 4. Assess potential consequences

Steps to reduce bias

1. Explore your own bias 2. Plan ahead 3. Monitor the situation ( When in doubt-Stay out) 4. Assess to potential consequences

Five steps for mediation

1. Interpret what was just said 2. ID self 3. mediate briefly 4. Report to other party 5. Resume

We mediate in which situation?

1. Linguistic Challenges ( provider use high register terms, difficult terms) 2. Role confusion ( Ex: patient tell you to explain things instead of provider) 3. Cultural misunderstandings(Ex:religion-fasting, home remedy ) 4. Service system barrier (Ex: patient doesn't know how system work)

7 steps for Note- Taking

1. Note the Idea not the word 2. Abbreviate Words 3. Use Links between ideas 4. Indicate negation 5. Indicate Emphasis 6.Take Notes Vertically 7. Use the space on the [age to capture movement, time, sequences

medical interpreters can be:

1. PT or FT for face-to-face or remote interpreting 2. dual-role 3. freelance

Interpreting protocols

1. Position 2. Professional introduction 3. Direct speech (1st person: use I) 4. Turn-taking management

Guidelines for Effective Intervention

1. Stay calm 2. Be transparent 3. don't make assumptions 4. use third person 5. return to conduit position

What is not allowed to be included in the pre-session:

1. a history of the patient's problem 2. controversial topics

Techniques for improving short-term memory

1. concentrating 2. visualization 3. repeating key phrases 4. counting key points 5. writing down numbers 6. chunking 7. word association 8. shadowing 9. taking notes 10. short-hand

Four guidelines for the Conduit Role

1. first person 2. pauses, "ums," "sighs," meaningful gestures, and all other things that add meaning are interpreted 3. interpretation is accurate, not literal 4. interpreter reflects tone, inflection, and volume

Two instances where first person may not be used:

1. it is not making sense to the patient 2. first person in that language is disrespectful, or is nonexistent

Four types of communication barriers:

1. linguistic barriers 2. barriers of register 3. cultural barriers 4. systemic barriers

Be aware of nonverbal cues from the provider and patient such as:

1. puzzled expressions 2. darting eyes

Sight translation guidelines

1. read the document all the way through 2. ask for clarification 3. translate at a steady, moderate pace 4. translate exactly what is written 5. provide only an oral sight translation

Intervention and clarification may be required when:

1. the interpreter doesn't understand language 2. the patient is showing signs of confusion 3. cultural context is needed for a word 4. there's a cultural difference

Explain linguistic barriers

1. the patient and provider speak entirely different languages 2. the patient and provide may speak a little bit of each other's language, but not enough to ensure appropriate communication in a medical setting *conduit

It is acceptable to share a patient's health information when:

1. the patient does not object 2. a patient is not alert and oriented

It is not acceptable to share a patient's health information when:

1. the patient requests that 2. Information is requested by the friends of family of the patient

Types of documents to be sight translated:

1. vital documents that provide general information about how an institution functions 2. vital legal documents 3. non-vital documents

Stages of encounter

3 stages 1. pre-encounter 2. Encounter 3. Post-encounter

After how many minutes of interpreting in simultaneous mode accuracy starts declining?

30 minutes

How many National standards of practice?

32

Rules for Sight Translation

4 rules: Read document in its entirety, ensure provider is present, ask for clarification, practice grammatical flow in target language

How many ethical Principles

8

Project implicit

A Harvard based project supported by decades of research that lets you explore you own unconscious bias in a series of tests

The main role of the interpreter is to be

A conduit

Language Proficiency

A language proficiency test assess fluency in language not interpreting skills

After this training you will be

A qualified interpreter

Trained interpreters linguistic skills

Able to understand verbal and non-verbal signs/cues , memory development skills

The Community Interpreter facilitates communication for the sole purpose of

Accessing community services

Why do memory skills matter?

Accuracy Transperancy Reduces interruptions Remember faster

Advocacy

Action taken on behalf of a individual

The Golden Rule of Interpreting

Add nothing Omit Nothing Change nothing

In Consecutive Interpreting the interpreter speaks

After the speaker has paused

Working Language

All the language you interpret in

Discrimination

An individuals acts that may violate the dignity or rights of others

Bilingual staff

Are usually hired to work in areas of possible primary contact with limited-English proficient (lep) patients and /or clients

When should errors be corrected according to Accuracy?

As soon as you realize they were made

Minimun Qualifications

Be 18 yrs or older Must have a high school diploma or quivalent Demonstrate bilingualism through language proficiency training Hold a certifcate (at least 40 hours)

trained interpreter

Bilingual individuals who have had proficiencies tested and completed an educational program/reading w/courses on interpreting skills,ethics,and terminology ;

What organization or system you should use to help with your decision -making process when to intervene?

CHIA ( California Healthcare Interpreting Association) + give guideline and 6 steps to make ethical decision

Paraphrasing is

Changing words without changing meaning

CALL MODEL

Complex Advanced Legal Long

Four interpreter roles

Conduit/message conveyer clarifier culture broker advocate

In most courtrooms, which is the only role allowed?

Conduit; clarifying is needed when word pictures are needed when linguistic equivalency does not exist

Code of Ethics

Confidentiality Accuracy Impartiality Transparency Direct Communication Professional Boundaries Intercultural Communication Professional Conduct

What are the 8 Ethical Principles in the Code of Ethics and Standards for the Community Interpreter?

Confidentiality, Accuracy, Impartiality, Transparency, Direct Communication, Professional Boundaries, Intercultural Communication, Professional Conduct

Translators

Convert written information from one language to another using a written modality

Interpreters

Convey an oral message from one language to another using an oral modality

Transparent interpreting

Conveying all the content of a conversation to all parties present regardless of its relevance to the encounter

Post Encounter

Debriefing Analysis

Three strategies for Cultural Mediation

Decline to act as a cultural expert Identify the cultural misundersrstanding Mediate to describe that misunderstanding-do not explain it

Explain systemic barriers

Differences in health care systems, racism, and difficulties in navigating the health care system *advocate

Explain cultural barriers

Different cultural beliefs about health and healing, or the doctor's authority and the patient's autonomy *culture broker

Legal Interpreting

Dispositions Attorney Client Interviews Protective Orders Child Custody Discrimination Complaints Sight Translations of Legal Documents

What is wrong with summarizing?

Don't deliver the whole message, leave out important information It is provider's job to summarize not you ( interpreter)

Disadvantage of eye contact

Draw you into the conversation Slow you down Impair your accuracy

When we use summarization?

Emergency, Crises( angry person), mental health, elderly, small children/ substances abuse (drunk), video recording, public speaking

Memory Skills

Encoding Storage Retrieval

What is the interpreter required to interpret?

Every element of the communication

4 elements of interpreting

Everything remains confidential Everything will be interpreted Speak clearly Signs/signals to be used during the meeting

What does it mean to identify or point out a cultural misund, erstanding without explaining it?

Example: Doctor see the red marks on Lily and ask about it. You as interpreter: can point out the culture misunderstand by suggest the doctor to ask patient for the use of coining

How to Identify or ID yourself as Interpreter?

Excuse me, as the interpreter I would like you to clarify what ....word.... means?

4 Steps to undermine Bias

Explore your own bias Plan Ahead Monitor the Situation Assess Potential Consequence

Language Access Law

Fosters equality

trained interpreters qualities

Friendly, respectful, flexible, patient, punctual

Mediation scripts

Having a statement that can be used

What does HIPAA stand for? What does it do? year it was created?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Makes sure that patients' health information is properly protected. 1996.

Type 1 Thinking

Here, now "On your own feet" Spontaneous

Remote Interpreting

Inform yourself and get involve with the technology

Strive for Accuracy

Interpret every message without ommisisons

How would you handle a term you don't know if it comes up during the session?

Interpret exactly the word to provider Ex Pap Smear Or Say: I, as an interpreter ask for clarification of the term, then interpreting to patient and resume conversation

5 Steps for Mediation

Interpret what was just said Identify yourself as the interpreter Mediate briefly Report your mediation to the other party Resume Interpreting

Five STEPS for strategic Mediation

Interpret what was just said Identify yourself as the interpreter Mediate briefly with one party Interpret or report mediation Resume Interpreting

Observe Confidentiality

Interpreter does not disclose personal information

Support Intercultural Communication

Interpreter intervenes to promote meaningful communication across cultural differences only when necessary for clear communication

Remote Interpreting

Interpreter is not present All participants are in different locations The interpreter is with one of the parties

Display Impartiality

Interpreter refrains from allowing personal beliefs to manifest his/her professional conduct

Professionalism

Interpreters at all times act in a professional and ethical manner to uphold the public's trust in the interpreting profession.

Role Boundaries

Interpreters fulfill only the duties of a health care interpreter while engaged in the performance of that role and do not assume any duties that are outside that role.

Maintain Professional Conduct

Interpreters reflect the highest standards

Professional Development

Interpreters strive to further their knowledge and skills, through independent study, continuing education, and actual interpreting practice.

Simultaneous mode

Interpreting while someone is still speaking with a slight delay

Intervene

Interrupting a session

Summarization

Involves listening/reading and understanding a message/document and then reformulating the essence of it in the target language. ;use only in extreme situations

Why 1st person?

Is faster structures Easier More accurate Has simpler sentence easier to remember

Confidentiality

Is to honor the privacy of the patient and the very personal nature of the health care encounter. It puts interpreters under the obligation not to disclose information that has been learned during the performance of their duties to anyone outside the medical team responsible for the care of the patient. It is an ethical principle that is shared with other health care professions.

Relay Interpreting

It is an oral rendering of one language into two other languages w/ two other interpreters; provider/A ; interpreters/A/B ; languages/B/C ; patients/client/C

Language Law

Legislation that requires or stipulates that the impact of discrimination and access to public services be reduced through the provision of competent language assistance

Belgium

Lenient: they give interpreters more "free rein"

Hidden Culture

Like an iceberg, nine-tenths of culture is out of conscious awareness. This hidden part has been termed "deep culture"

Criteria for Intervening

Linguistic Challenges Role Confusion Cultural Misunderstandings Service System Barriers

Four Criteria of Intervening

Linguistic Challenges Role Confusion Cultural Misunderstandings Service system barriers

Note taking

Listen Analyze Convert Deliver

4 Steps for basic Message analysis

Listen to the message Extract the Meaning FInd equivalent target-language concepts to reformulate the message Assess the rendered the message

Skills

Memory skills, listening skills, vocabulary skills, translation skills, sight translation skills

3 Strategies to enhance memories

Mnemonics Chunking Imagery

Interpreting Protocol

My name I will be your interpreter Everything will remain confidential

Is summarization is a mode of interpreting ?

No.

An Ad Hoc interpreter is

Not a qualified interpreter

A skill that helpful to master consecutive interpreting

Note-taking

Pledge

Observe Confidentiality Strive for Accuracy Display Impartiality Ensure Transparency Promote Direction Communication Respect Professional Boundaries Support Intercultural Communication Maintain Professional Conduct

Certificate

Official document attsting your participation that one attended a training

Telephonic Interpreting

Often referred as over the phone interpreting The oldest kind of interpreting

Risks of Cultural Mediation

Overgeneralization Stereotyping Personalizing- Condescending Misleading

Respect Autonomy

Parent has the right to self-determination Never influence decision, support clear communication Use mediation to promote autonomy not dependence

What is a Bias?

Personal attitude or perspective that prefers one side more that other

Components of Culture

Physical-Environment Social-Community Family-Traditions/Beliefs/Families Personal-Beliefs/values

What are the Interpreting protocols?

Position Professional Introduction 1st person Turn Taking Promote direct community

Trained interpreter techniques

Pre-encounter , positing, 1st person, avoid eye contact or register, note taking

techniques

Pre-encounter, positing, 1st person, note taking, register or avoid eye contact

Pre Encounter

Preparation Briefing

What are the Stages of encounter-7 Steps

Preparation Briefing Introductions Interpreting Mediation( if needed) Debriefing Analysis of encounter

Terminology

Prepare with care

Consecutive mode

Primary mode, base conversation, pause

Certification

Process in which a third party accredits a person to provide a particular service

Encounter

Professional Introductions Interpreting Intervening/Mediating

Elements of Professional Identity

Professional values, personality, behaviors, morals, and beliefs Professional ethics and standards Legal requirements and principles governing the profession Professional knowledge and skills

Goal of effective Positioning

Promote Direct Communication

Before sight translation needs

Provider present Assess ( read) the document to if you should sight translate or not Use the CALL models to decide should/should Not

During Sight translation needs

Read the text from beginning to the end Identify word you don't know Clarification of words Render from beginning to end without stopping Do not simplify or change any parts of the text

Sight translation is

Reading a written text in a source language and interpreting it into a target language

Example of Cultural Mediation

Red marks on a child(could be related to a cultural remedy

If the Provider keeps speaking in 3rd person what should the interpreter do?

Redirect the speaker Sit in the background and avoid eye contact with the speaker Clarify your role

Mediation

Removing a barrier that is impeding communication

Shadowing is

Repeating what speaker says in same language word for word

After Sight translation needs

Self-assess the accuracy of your sight translation Decide if you should continue to sight translate such texts next time

trained interpreter cultural skills

Sensitive of different cultural backgrounds, does not stereotype

What are the exceptions to the speech rule?

Service user is a child Emergency situation Interpreting for multiple parties Content is horrific

Standards

Set of GUIDELINES that defines what an interpreter does

Code of Ethics

Set of principles or values that govern the conduct of members of a profession

Cultural Competence

Set of skills that help increase the appreciation of the cultural differences

What is Culture?

Shared patterns or behaviors

Sight Translation

Sight translation is the oral conversion of a written document from one language to another

What is Chuchotage?

Simultaneous interpreting with low voice

Why not 3rd person?

Slower Makes the communication less direct between both parties Takes longer Create additions and alterations Can generate confusion

Advocacy

Speaking on behalf of a student, paretn, teacher whose well being or dignity is at risk

Interpreting is

Spoken or signed

Chapter 2 is about?

Stages of the Encounter 4 protocols for Community Interpreting Memory skills Message Transfer skills Modes of interpreting Note Taking

Respect Professional Boundaries

The Interpreter maintains professional boundaries both during and outside encounter

When was the first simultaneously interpreted event?

The Nuremberg trials of 1945

What is facilitation?

The act of making something easier. Implies that the interpreter is active, rather than passive

Comunicative Autonomy

The capacity of each party in an encounter to be responsible for and in control of his or her own communication

Cultural Awareness

The ethical obligation of interpreters is to possess enough understanding of culture and cultural practices and beliefs to be able to facilitate communication across cultural differences, seeking to minimize, and, if possible, avoid, potential misunderstanding and miscommunication based on cultural assumptions and/or stereotyping.

Accuracy

The ethical responsibility of the interpreter is to convert messages rendered in one language into another without losing the essence of the meaning that is being conveyed and including all aspects of the message without making judgments as to what is relevant, important, or acceptable.

Respect

The intent of this principle is to remind interpreters that they have an obligation to treat everyone in the encounter with dignity and courtesy, respecting the rights and duties of each individual, including their own.

Promote Direction Communication

The interpreter initiates and actively supports practices to give both parties opportunity for direct communication

Ensure Transparency

The interpreter interprets everything that is said also a standard of practice

example of accuracy:

The interpreter replicates the register, style, and tone of the speaker unless there is no equivalent in the patient's language, an interpeter does not substitute simpler explanations for medical terms a provider uses, but may ask the speaker to re-express themselves in language more easily understood by the other party.

What is décalage?

The lag between the source language and the target rendition

Source language is

The language FROM which the interpreter interprets

Target language is

The language INTO which the interpreter interprets

Source Language

The language from which one interprets

Target Language

The language into one interprets

Register

The socio- intellectual level of the speaker or subject matter

Type 2 Thinking

Think Ahead Slow, Private Deep reflection

Impartiality

This means that interpreters have an obligation not to let their personal biases and beliefs intrude into the patient-provider encounter either through direct counseling or advice to either party or by injecting their biases and beliefs as if they belonged to one of the speakers.

What is the law that protects the rights of non-English speakers to have an interpreter?

Title VI of the US Civil Rights Act of 1964

Basic purpose of a medical interpreter

To facilitate understanding in communication between people who are speaking different languages

Chapter 3 about?

Unconscious Bias Deciding when to Intervene Scripts for Medication Strategic Mediation Model ( 5 steps) Cultural Competence and strategic mediation Culturally Responsive Mediation

When you face cultural misunderstanding, but you want to promote direct communication between service user and provider, What you need to do?

Understanding what cultural competence is Monitor the situation Examine your own bias Aware of complexity of culture Avoid explain or discussing cultural issue use cultural knowledge to resolve misunderstanding.

Explain barriers of register

Use of complex language to someone less educated, english proficient, or familiar to medical terms *clarifier

Social Elements of Professional Identity

Values Attitude Personal Appearance and Dress Code Courtesy Communication Skills Professional Solidarity

What is professional Identity

Values Attitude Personal Appearance and dress code Courtesy Communication skills Professional solidarity

When should you mediate

When a communication barrier may have serious consequences

Remote interpreting

When the interpreter is not physically present via phone or video

Advocacy

When the patient's health, well-being, or dignity is at risk, the interpreter may be justified in acting as an advocate. Advocacy must be under taken only after careful and thoughtful analysis of the situation and if other less intrusive actions have not resolved the problem.

In Simultaneous Interpreting the interpreter speaks

While the speaker keeps talking

Translation is

Written

Do interpreters need to report or interpret ( for the other party) what they say when they intervene?

Yes. It is Accuracy requirement in Code of Ethic ( this help develop transparency ) You say to parties: " I, the interpreter, did not understand, so I am going to ask for an explanation

true or false: there are documents that can be sight translated without the provider present

according to the book, this is true

A person's unique outlook, shaped by their individual life experiences is known as:

active culture

Most invasive role:

advocate

example of confidentiality:

an interpreter does not discuss a patient's case with family or community members without the patient's consent.

example of impartiality:

an interpreter does not reveal personal feelings through words, tone of voice, or body language.

example of cultural awareness:

an interpreter learns about the traditional remedies some patients may use.

example of advocacy

an interpreter may intervene on behalf of a patient with a life-threatening allergy, if the condition has been overlooked.

example of boundaries:

an interpreter never advises a patient on health care questions, but redirects the patient to ask the provide

example of professional development:

an interpreter stays up to date on changes in medical terminology or regional slang.

example of professionalism:

an interpreter who is unfamiliar with a highly technical medical term asks for an explanation before continuing to interpret.

Cultural Mediation

any act of mediation that alerts all parties to the existence and nature of a cultural barrier Avoid personalizing or stereotyping Invite one party to explore or explain the barrier

Working language

any language that you interpret in

Why bias matter to interpreters?

because it can make you intervene or fail to intervene, which lead you to say or do something harmful instead of helpful

Why you have to interpret what was just said before mediate?

because you may forget to interpret it after you mediate more accurate less confusion

The guideline to help a professional make decisions about what to do, especially in difficult situations:

code of ethics

When different expectations based on different cultural contexts result in misunderstandings there has been a:

cultural bump

the ability to function in the context of cultural differences is:

cultural competence

the values, beliefs, assumptions, and practices through which we see and understand the world around us is known as:

cultural lens

the idea that behavior must be evaluated and understood within the cultural context where it occurred is:

cultural relativity

a shared set of belief systems, values, practices and assumptions which determine how we interact with and interpret the world is known as:

culture

The principles that help us know what appropriate behavior are called:

ethics

a statement or assumption based on past experience or knowledge is a:

generalization

Why should you have mediation scripts?

help us know what to say or do during mediation do well on mediation

How can imagery ( picture) and visualization help with memory?

image and picture, visualize events as a story=> easier to remember and interpret

example of respect:

in greetings, an interpreter uses appropriate titles for both patient and provider.

The idea of interpreters moving from role to role as necessary, but always staying as much in the back group as possible, is called:

incremental intervention

Define Bias

is personal attitude or perspective that is not impartial ( fair) from one viewpoint or one social group to another

CALL model

is stand for : -Complex: mean the document in high context, long sentence, terminology. -Advanced : specialized text, difficult terminolgy -Legal: Any document that has to be signed, legal relate -Long: document more than 1 or 2 pages of text

Source of language

language interpret from

Target language

language you interpret into

Only experienced interpreters are encouraged to overcome high register by:

lowering the register without changing essential meaning

What "turn taking" mean?

manage the flow of communication or interruption

With whom can the interpreter share patient information?

members of the treating team, unless you have the patient's consent or it is required by law

How note-taking of interpreter different from other note-taker?

more brief, limit words, use symbols, signs, number While other note-taker write complete sentence.

Interpreting protocols?

position Professional Introduction 1st person Turn Taking Promote direct community

Legal Interpreting

profession established and regulated by federal and state laws, statuses, and case law

Where do you see simultaneous interpreting?

public government meeting, workshops, school events, health education, legal clinics, Libraries, team meeting

What is mediation script?

steps that you plan ahead or prepare so you can do mediation well

an oversimplified image or idea of a person, culture, or concept is a:

stereotype

Intervene definition

stop the interpreting session

Mediation in Canada

strict: no cultural mediation (brokering) or advocacy is allowed

Community Interreting

takes place in the community: doctor's appointments, social services health department prenatal clinic, libraries. senior centers

What is chunking?

taking information, breaking into apart or chunks to help recall information

Project Implicit

tests are provided though Harvard University to observe your own bias

What are values?

the ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is important that help guide the way you live

What type of role is the most appropriate for the interpreter?

the least invasive role that will assure effective communication and care

What is culture?

the way of life Ex: the way we dress, eat, talk, practice religion, think, behave..

Why do we mediate

to overcome barriers to facilitate communication to IDENTIFY problems not FIX them

True of false: According to professionalism, an interpreter can't take on other roles while interpreting, even if he or she fulfill other roles in the health care setting at other times

true

How to decline a sight translation request?

use Say No model 1. be gracious 2. Offer choice 3. Give reasons

Mediate definition

uttering ( speaking ) what the problem is

Good guideline for intervening

when in Doubt stay Out

A good guideline for mediation is

when in doubt, stay out, don't try to clarify anything

Sight translation mode

witten-text to oral ( translate document for patient) Reading and understand written content and then recall it into target language

How you position yourself during encounter? ( or what is the goal of effective positioning?)

you stand at a position that promote direct communication between parties - sit where you avoid eye contact

Interpreting

young profession that seeks recognition

define unconscious bias

your bias that you not aware of