national government chapter civil liberties

Which events helped create momentum for equality of African Americans in the first half of the 20th century?

African American soldiers returning home after fighting in World War II Supreme Court decisions declaring some types of segregation unconstitutional

During the first century of our nation's history, which of the following groups was involved in the national debate about equality?

African Americans

Which woman founded the National Women's Party, which adopted more radical tactics in fighting for women's suffrage?

Alice Paul

Which considerations are now required, due to the ADA?

An employer must consider reasonable accommodations. A public school must consider access.

The Movement was composed of numerous Latino organizations focusing on a variety of issues, including rights to equal employment and educational opportunities.

Chicano

The Unavailable Movement was composed of numerous Latino organizations focusing on a variety of issues, including rights to equal employment and educational opportunities.

Chicano

In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the Supreme Court declared which act unconstitutional?

Civil Rights Act of 1875

True or false: Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States.

True

In the Plessy case, the Supreme Court established the standard of

Your Answer correct In the Plessy case, the Supreme Court established the standard of

Intentional efforts to diversify the student body in higher education are known as

affirmative action.

Which of the following was not included in the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

banning poll taxes and literacy tests

Codes were laws passed immediately after the Civil War by the confederate states that limited the rights of "freemen."

black

is nonviolent refusal to comply with laws or government policies that are morally objectionable.

civil disobedience

Which of the following statements were included in the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

"Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."

True or false: Early civil rights advocates such as W. E. B. Du Bois fought for separate but equal treatment for minority groups.

.False

List the following achievements of the civil rights movement in chronological order from first to last.

1 ending segregation 2.barring racial discrimination 2. desegregation in housing

Arrange the waves of the women's rights movement from its earliest attempt. The earliest event should be on top.

1. The movement wins women's 2.the movement expanded 3. Feminists groups fight

Arrange the following events in chronological order, starting with the earliest attempt to achieve women's suffrage.

1.The national American 2. President woodrow Wilson 3. suffrage 4.persistent media 5. the nineteenth

Currently, there are ______ million undocumented immigrants in the United States, ______ percent of whom have lived in the U.S. for over 10 years.

11; 66

The Nineteenth Amendment was passed in

1919.

Match each legislative act with its provisions.

1973 Rehabilitation Act - discrimination against people with disabilities in federally funded programs prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in federally funded programs Americans with Disabilities Act - he ban on discrimination against people with disabilities in education, employment, health care, housing and transportation to all programs and organizations extended the ban on discrimination against people with disabilities in education, employment, health care, housing and transportation to all programs and organizations

How many states have laws that prohibit sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination by private and public employers?

20

How many states had ratified the Nineteenth Amendment one year after its passage?

36

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the impact of African American voters in the South during the Reconstruction era?

African American voters elected a substantial number of other African Americans to offices in local, state, and federal governments.

Affirmative action policies impose which of the following organizational requirements?

An organization must make intentional efforts to diversify its workforce by providing equal opportunity to all classes of people.

Which of the following statements about the income of Asian American are accurate?

Asian Americans have the highest median income as compared to the population as a whole. Asian American income varies greatly within Asian groups.

Which of the following resulted from the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act?

Asian immigrants were allowed to become citizens for the first time.

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Bakke

In the 1800s, what limitations were faced by women who graduated from college and aspired to a career?

Choosing a career meant giving up the possibility of marriage. Career choices were largely limited to teaching, nursing, social work, or missionary work.

Which of the following were achieved by activists on behalf of Japanese Americans who were interned during World War II?

Congress repealed a section of the 1950 Internal Security Act. President Reagan signed a bill providing $1.2 billion in reparations.

What did the Supreme Court determine in the Civil Rights Cases of 1883?

Congress's jurisdiction was limited to banning discrimination in official acts of state or local governments. Congress lacked the authority to prevent discrimination by private individuals and organizations.

Which document listed many rights and opportunities that the law did not guarantee to women, including the right to vote and educational and employment opportunities equal to those of white men?

Declaration of Sentiments

Which of the following women played an important role in securing legal and political rights for women in the United States?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Abigail Adams Lucretia Mott

Which act bolstered the Fifteenth Amendment by establishing penalties for interfering with the right to vote?

Enforcement Act of 1870

What government body did Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 create that still administers the enforcement of Title VII today?

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

True or false: Oliver Brown accidentally enrolled his daughter in an all-white public school in Topeka, Kansas.

False

True or false: The federal government honored most of the treaties it made with Native American tribes from 1778 to 1870.

False

True or false: When the strict scrutiny test is used, it is impossible for the state to justify discrimination based on inherent characteristics.

False

The Black Lives Matter movement grew from protests in ______ following the shooting death of an unarmed teenager by a white police officer.

Ferguson, MO

In Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the Supreme Court ruled that the right to marry is a fundamental liberty protected by which amendment of the Constitution?

Fourteenth

Which constitutional amendment did the Commission on the Status of Women urge the federal government to pursue in lawsuits in order to encourage proper interpretation of the equal protection clause?

Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following represents the de facto imbalances argument used by Chief Justice Roberts?

Government should not use laws to remedy racial imbalances caused by economic inequalities, individual choices, and historical biases.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the Bakke decision and utilized the strict scrutiny test by stating that universities can use race as a factor in admissions decisions, but not as the overriding factor?

Grutter v. Bollinger

The inauguration of which president ended the Reconstruction era and opened the way for the implementation of Jim Crow laws throughout the South?

Hayes'

Which act ensured that Native Americans would have the full protection of the Bill of Rights, but lacked an enforcement mechanism?

Indian Civil Rights Act

The law passed by Congress that called for the forced relocation of all native peoples to lands west of the Mississippi was called the

Indian Removal Act.

Match the following acts with their provisions.

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act -granted greater autonomy for Indian tribes and gave them more control of their assets Indian Gaming Regulatory Act-federal laws enacted to support Indian self-determination

What did President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?

It abolished slavery in the states that had seceded from the Union. It prevented Britain and France from intervening in the Civil War on the southern side.

What precedent was established from the Bradwell case in 1873?

It enabled the Court to treat women differently from men.

What happened to the Equal Rights Amendment?

It fell short of the number of states required for ratification.

Which of the following accurately describe the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution?

It overturned the Dred Scott decision. It mandated due process and equal protection for all people. It provided all persons with the privileges and immunities of national citizenship.

In most cases during the late 1800s, what was the purpose of education for girls?

It prepared them to be good wives and mothers.

Which of the following is true of the decision in Obergefell v. Hodges?

It recognized same-sex marriage as a fundamental liberty under the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following are arguments presented by opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

It was a duplication of the Fourteenth Amendment. Passage of the amendment would make women subject to the military draft.

The first people of African descent to arrive in the New World landed in

Jamestown.

Which of the following statements about Japanese Americans during World War II are true?

Japanese Americans from the West Coast were placed in internment camps. Many relocated Japanese Americans lost their homes and businesses. The civil rights of Japanese Americans were violated.

Which of the following founded the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) and the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA)?

Jessie Lopez Cesar Chavez Dolores Huerta

Which of these required the strict separation of racial groups in education, employment, and public accommodations, such as transportation and restaurants?

Jim Crow laws

How do judges view laws that treat citizens differently on the basis of suspect classifications such as race, ethnic origin, and religion?

Judges assume the laws violate the Constitution.

Which of the following acronyms stands for the civil rights organization that was formed in 1929 to fight for civil rights for Mexican Americans and was successful in its challenge of the segregated school system in California?

LULAC

Which 2003 Supreme Court decision overturned an earlier case in which it had upheld Georgia's anti-sodomy law?

Lawrence v. Texas

Which of the following was a key turning point in the Civil War?

Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation

Which of the following were arguments put forth by the attorneys representing Plessy?

Louisiana state segregation laws violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment states that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

What federal case challenged the segregated school systems in California, which provided Mexican children with separate schools that were of lower quality than the schools for white children?

Mendez v. Westminster

Which Supreme Court case decreed that state governments, not the U.S. Constitution, established voting rights?

Minor v. Happersett

Which of the following events was a direct result of Rosa Parks's conviction?

Montgomery bus boycott

Which association, founded in the early 20th century, focused on the inequalities brought forth by the separate but equal doctrine?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

In 1971, using the scrutiny test established in the 1873 Bradwell case, the Court ruled that discriminatory treatment of women was unconstitutional.

Ordinary

Which 1971 Supreme Court case used the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to find a law that discriminated against women unconstitutional?

Reed v. Reed

Which of the following individuals propelled the civil rights movement onto the national stage?

Rosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr.

What was the central finding of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?

Segregated schools violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following occurred in the 1960s as the result of the civil rights movement?

Segregation in public schools ended. Universal suffrage was promoted. Public accommodations were desegregated.

One particularly noted series of marches during the civil rights movement went from ______ to Montgomery, Alabama.

Selma

The Declaration of listed many rights and opportunities that the law did not guarantee women, including the right to vote and educational and employment opportunities equal to those of white men.

Sentiments

What did the mother of Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African American slain in Mississippi, do that helped to gain national attention for the civil rights movement?

She allowed a magazine to publish pictures of his mutilated corpse to show what racism had done to her son.

Because the Black Lives Matter movement has no central organizing structure like previous civil rights movements, which of the following have happened?

The movement expanded beyond issues of police violence to included environmental racism. Activists identified with the movement through the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag. Other groups with similar fears and concerns were able to join with the movement.

Which of the following make it more difficult for the Black Lives Matter movement to achieve their goals?

a lack of an institutionalized structure seeking broad social changes rather than change to a specific law or policy

What was the Chicano Movement?

a mass movement for Mexican American civil rights

Who was Dred Scott?

a slave who sued for his freedom by arguing that he was emancipated as soon as his owner took him into free territory

Which policy requires that an organization make intentional efforts to diversify by providing equal opportunity to classes of people that have been historically, and often are currently, subject to discrimination?

affirmative action

According to Justice Powell's decision in the Bakke case,

affirmative action programs in admissions are permissible so long as they use race as just one of many factors. the university's use of racial quotas was impermissible

Which characteristic is considered under the ordinary scrutiny test rather than the strict or intermediate scrutiny tests?

age

In terms of inherent characteristics, people disagree about whether or not the list should also include which of the following categories?

age sexual orientation disability

Voting Rights Act Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1968

aggressively sought to counter nearly one hundred years of disenfranchisement barred racial discrimination in accommodations and private employment prohibited racial discrimination in housing

One of the provisions of the 1950 Internal Security Act

allowed the government to imprison citizens deemed enemy collaborators during a crisis.

Compared to other racial and ethnic groups, Native Americans are

among the poorest and least educated.

When it comes to voting, Latinos

as a group have the lowest voting percentage.

What event(s) garnered national attention for Martin Luther King, Jr., and led to a decisive Supreme Court case?

bus boycott

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting

certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job.

Which term refers to the rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the due process and equal protection clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments?

civil rights

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court determined that separate but equal facilities

did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.

Presently, those fighting for Asian American civil rights are focusing on what area?

employment

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 mandated equality in the which of the following areas?

employment

Which issues are central to the third wave of the womens' rights movement in the United States?

ending sexual violence unequal access to legal rights

Which of the following was the goal of the second wave of the women's rights movement?

equal legal rights for women

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

equal protection clause

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government in the 1960s began to require agencies and businesses

establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs.

One outcome of the Coalition of Federated Organization's work in the 1964 Summer Project was the

establishment of the Freedom Democratic Party and a promise to integrate future delegations to the Democratic Convention.

The immigration policies and proposals of President Trump include which of the following?

expanded grounds of who is considered a "removable alien" increased deportations building a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border

In practice, in early America, women had

fewer rights than men.

the Slave Act in 1850 was an attempt by the U.S. Congress to stall or prevent the secession, or separation, of southern states from the Union.

fugitive

What was the focus of the National Women's Suffrage Association?

gaining female suffrage by amending the Constitution

The effect of a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a popular New York City gay and lesbian bar, was to

galvanize the gay and lesbian community into action.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution

gives every man the right to vote, regardless of color.

Which type of crime is one that is committed against a person, property, or society as a whole, where the offender is motivated by his or her bias against the victim because of race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity?

hate crime

.The ______ scrutiny test for sex-based discrimination was established by the Supreme Court in Craig v. Boren in 1976.

heightened

In the late 20th century, the main focus of gender-equity activism was on

how the law could prevent or punish private behavior that harmed women based on their gender.

Most African Americans today are the descendants of Africans who were forcibly brought to the New World beginning in 1619, when twenty Africans arrived in Jamestown as chattel slaves and ______ servants, workers with a fixed term of service.

indentured

Which of the following does affirmative action require?

intentional efforts to diversify

The experience of multiple forms of oppression at the same time is referred to as

intersectionality

Which of the following refers to the experience of multiple forms of oppression based on race, class, sexual orientation, or sexual identity simultaneously?

intersectionality

One Jim Crow strategy, the test, was used to keep African American voters from participating because it was designed so that few could pass.

literacy

Which of the following voting requirements was declared illegal by the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

literacy requirements

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens have organized to fight for equal rights provisions in which of the following areas?

marriage housing employment

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated which of the following to protest government-sanctioned discrimination?

mass marches acts of civil disobedience peaceful boycotts

When did most of the momentous victories made by civil rights activists finally begin?

mid-20th century

Identify the characteristics that are considered inherent.

national origin race sex religion

The test used by the federal courts that requires governments to show that the differential treatment is a rational means to achieve a legitimate public interest for which the government is responsible is called the

ordinary scrutiny test.

The initial goal of the NAACP in the modern era of civil rights was to

overrule the separate but equal doctrine.

What has been at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in America?

people disagreeing strongly about what "equal treatment" requires

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited

private businesses and organizations from discriminating in hiring decisions based on inherent characteristics.

Which of the following are part of the national discussion to address the issue of illegal immigration in the United States?

providing refugee status to minors offering pathways to citizenship mass deportations

A main question raised by the #MeToo movement is how to

punish and prevent the private exercise of sexual power over women.

Some states allow people and organizations to refuse service to LGBTQ persons based on their asserted right to

religious liberty.

In the 1930s, the NAACP argued that states had violated the equal protection clause by failing to make what available to African Americans?

schools

In the post-Reconstruction South, the federal government

seemed to abandon African Americans and the quest for equality under the law.

Which characteristic is considered under the intermediate scrutiny test rather than the strict scrutiny test?

sex

Currently, persons of Asian descent make up nearly percent of the U.S. population.

six

Which of the following refers to the legal right to bring lawsuits in court?

standing to sue

Oliver Brown enrolled his daughter ______ in an all-white public school in Topeka, Kansas.

strategically

In the Grutter v. Bollinger case, the Supreme Court used the

strict scrutiny test.

A report by the Department of Justice in the killing of Michael Brown found

systematic oppression of Black citizenry by the police.

In Shelby County v. Alabama (2013), the Supreme Court found

that part of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was unconstitutional.

Initially the battles for women's voting rights took place at the state level of government because

the Constitution reserved for the states the authority to determine who had the right to vote.

Which document stated that "all men are created equal"?

the Declaration of Independence

The law that was passed by Congress in the aftermath of the violent murders of activists in Mississippi, intending to eliminate discriminatory local and state government registration and voting practices, was called

the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Which of the following are events that eroded feelings of white goodwill toward the civil rights movement?

the aftermath of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Memphis, Tennessee the urban riots in Watts

Uncle Tom's Cabin depicted

the harsh reality of slavery in the United States.

The test a court uses to determine whether unequal treatment is illegal depends on

the inherent characteristic that is the basis of the differential treatmen t.

During which time period did advocates for women's civil rights begin their efforts to secure for women the right to vote?

the mid-1800s

The Montgomery bus boycott was considered a success because

the protests garnered national media attention and public sympathy . the Supreme Court ruled that segregated buses were unconstitutional.

Which of the following helped to spur the first wave of the U.S. women's rights movement?

the segregation of female delegates at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery conference

For Asian Americans the "glass ceiling" refers to

the underrepresentation of Asian Americans from the very top job leadership positions.

What was the purpose of the ADA Restoration Act of 2008?

to broaden the definition of impairments that are covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act

Individuals whose gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned to are referred to as

transgender.

When first written, the Constitution

treated people of African descent as property.

In the struggle for civil rights, LBGTQ persons have

used similar strategies as other groups.

Which of the following areas has been affected by the civil rights movement?

voting rights housing education employment

What was one Jim Crow strategy that allowed only certain people to vote in primary elections in order to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote?

white primaries

How do counter-protests like "All Lives Matter" or "Blue Lives Matter" misunderstand the Black Lives Matter movement?

They see it as merely a challenge to law enforcement.

True or false: By the dawn of 20th century, African Americans had successfully achieved civil rights protections from the federal government.

True

True or false: Mississippi has not elected an African American to state-wide office since Reconstruction.

True

True or false: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 both expanded the rights of many Americans and provided them with protections from discrimination.

True

True or false: There is still no federal law prohibiting LGBTQ-based discrimination in the private-sector workplace.

True

True or false: When it was first written, the Constitution implicitly endorsed the unequal and discriminatory treatment of African Americans.

True

Which popular book bolstered the abolitionists' efforts to actively challenge slavery in the United States?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

At the time that the U.S. Constitution was adopted, how did some states continue to permit persons of African descent to be enslaved?

Some of the most important provisions of the new federal Constitution treated enslaved African Americans as property.