Nazi Germany

When Hitler was released from prison in December 1924, he re-established the party and initiated a overhaul of the party structure. Which of the following statements best describes the new party?

A hierarchical structure that afforded regional and local leaders power within their assigned jurisdictions, but in which the Fuehrer had the final word

After a period of hyperinflation, the implementation of which of the following ushered in a period of prosperity in the Weimar Republic from 1924-1929?

Article 48 of the constitution

Which word below best describes the relationship between the party and the state in Nazi Germany 1933-1939?

Competition

Between 1871 and 1918 the elite of German society typically championed what type of political ideology?

Conservative Nationalism

Which of the following hypothetical research questions best meets the standards of a "good" historical research question?

Considering the contradictions inherent in the Nazi regime's early policies promoting motherhood as the highest form of female participation in the national community and the regime's later demands for female labor to sustain the war effort, how did official representations of the ideal German woman change during Hitler's reign from 1933 to 1945?

Rael suggests using "P.A.P.E.R" concepts to analyze primary sources. Which of the words below does NOT refer to one of the concepts in Rael's acronym?

Evaluate

"Wild cliques" in the Third Reich did not have a cohesive ideology or clear vision for challenging the regime, and therefore the regime did not view them as a significant threat.

False

According to Daniel Horn, the organization and the tactics of the Hitler Youth were largely responsible for the very opposition among young Germans that it intended to prevent.

False

According to Lawrence Douglas, the filmic evidence presented in Nazi Concentration Camps at the Nuremberg Trials provided clear legal proof the defendants' criminal activities.

False

After making the difficult decision to abandon their lives in Germany due to increasing persecution by the Nazi regime, German Jews were welcomed in growing numbers by countries in the west.

False

Although Germany produced more armaments during the 1930s than any other western country, at the outset of the war in 1939 the Nazi regime pursued an economic policy of "total mobilization," in which all resources were funneled into sectors of the economy dedicated to the war effort and all other economic endeavors were abandoned.

False

As early as 1943, the allied powers agreed that legal proceedings would be the best way to bring the Nazi regime to justice after the war.

False

Bergen's article demonstrates that the designation Volksdeutsche was cogent both in its ideological conceptualization and its practical application.

False

Browning's social portrait of Reserve Police Battalion 101 reveals that most of the men came from one of the most nazified cities in the Germany (Hamburg) and the majority came from a social class that had been pro-Nazi in its political culture.

False

Browning's study demonstrates that invading German forces neither required nor desired the help of local populations in the murder of Jews in Eastern Europe.

False

Daniel Horn's work on youth resistance suggests that the concept of resistance in Third Reich is easily defined.

False

Despite of the "coordination" attempts led by the Nazi regime, universities were a hotbed of resistance to the National Socialist ideology and the policies of the regime.

False

Despite the obvious benefits of supplementing the war economy and providing ordinary Germans with a higher standard of living, the regime abandoned the policies of economic exploitation and plunder in conquered territories in order to shore up support for occupation authorities among local peoples.

False

During the war, Hitler was largely unconcerned with public opinion on the homefront.

False

During the war, allied governments knew nothing of the extermination of Jews living in Nazi-occupied Europe.

False

Eberhard Demm affirms the views of contemporary observers that believed German propaganda during the First World War was largely ineffective

False

Footnotes that cite the sources I consult in interpreting primary sources for my research project are not necessary in the "Primary Source Analysis," because Dr. Strauss is familiar with my secondary sources of information after reviewing my synthesis assignment.

False

German cartoonists targeted foreign enemies in their cartoons, but largely ignored internal groups considered domestics threats to the war effort.

False

Goebbels maintained total control of Nazi propaganda efforts from the first days of the Nazi regime.

False

Heinrich Himmler was able to grow the influence of the SS in the Nazi movement and build an expansive system of state terror despite his reputation as ineffective manager of people

False

Hitler co-opted Christian holidays and rituals by integrating them into the cycle of Nazi holidays celebrated throughout the year.

False

Hitler laid out a clear plan for the eradication of "international Jewry" before the war.

False

Hitler was known for his flexibility especially when it came came to adapting and refining his worldview based on new information

False

I should quote secondary sources often and at length in my research paper.

False

In 1920 Hitler founded the German Worker's Party (DAP), which would eventually become the National Socialist Workers' Party (NSDAP, or Nazi Party)

False

In 1932 the Nazi party was the sole political party advocating for the establishment of an authoritarian regime in Germany.

False

In November 1932, shortly before Hitler was appointed Reich Chancellor, the Nazi party reached the pinnacle of its electoral success, including the highest number of Reichstag seats in the Party's history.

False

In Olympia, Riefenstahl carefully curated her coverage of the games to feature only events that resulted in German victory.

False

In the early 1930s, the Nazi Party welcomed women into the leadership ranks in order to appeal to women voters.

False

Initially young Germans joined the Hitler Youth because they were forced to participate and later because membership was compulsory

False

It is easy to quantify the German public's reaction to Nazi propaganda.

False

National Socialist views on women were radically different than the official policies of previous German governments

False

Nazi propaganda emphasized themes that originated in twentieth-century fascist ideology.

False

Nazi sexual morality was rooted in and limited by traditional Christian values.

False

Of the many explanatory factors that made the "ordinary men" of RPB101 into grassroots killers, Browning argued that the SS-designed educational materials used to indoctrinate police were the most influential.

False

Political cartoonists hostile to the political and military leadership in Germany were forced to participate in the state's propaganda program during the First World Wa

False

Reports of German concentration camps appeared in the western news media only after the camps had been liberated by allied armies in 1945.

False

Subjects, such as math, that were largely immune to ideological influence and that depended on technically proficient teachers for dissemination were unaltered in the Nazi educational system.

False

The Jews of Sighet received no warning about the terrible fate that awaited them.

False

The Nazi regime outlawed prostitution and targeted prostitutes with particularly draconian forms of punishment

False

The Nazi regime relied on extracurricular groups like the Hitler Youth to indoctrinate youth, because the majority of German teachers refused to integrate Nazi ideology into school curriculum.

False

The Nazi regime's process of coordinating all aspects of public and private lives through the growth of regime sponsored organizations resulted in a more cohesive, tightly knit society in Germany.

False

The purpose and scope of Nazi Party rallies remained consistent from the 1920s through the 1930s.

False

The regime's promotion of promiscuity was evidence that Nazi cultural and social policies were designed to for the personal happiness of members of the national community.

False

The war had a negligible effect on support for the Nazi Party and its ability to recruit new members.

False

Upon liberation from Buchenwald, Wiesel and his fellow inmates felt the need to seek revenge for the crimes committed against them.

False

When Hitler was tried for treason in the wake of the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923, Hitler pleaded guilty to receive a lesser sentence

False

When reading secondary historical sources for my research paper, I should read each section of the text straight through from beginning to end

False

Wiesel was liberated by the Soviet Red Army.

False

Youth groups that opposed the Nazi regime formed around brand new social groupings, without any clear ties to youth organizations of the pre-Nazi era.

False

Road to War" in Nazi Germany

February 1933 Hitler's "Peace Speech" to the Reichstag January 1935 Reoccupation of the Saarland March 1935 Public Announcement of German Remilitarization June 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement March 1936 Remilitarization of the Rhineland November 1936 Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan November 1937 Hossbach Memorandum March 1938 Annexation of Austria (Anschluss) September 1938 Munich Conference August 1939 Hitler-Stalin Pact

On June 28, 1919, German signed the Treaty of Versailles with the Allied powers, officially ending the First World War. Which of the following items was NOT part of the peace agreement?

Guarantees for the institution of parliamentary democracy in Germany

According to Spielvogel which of the following experiences had the most significant impact on Hitler's worldview (Weltanschauung) and eventually Nazi Party ideology?

His wayward days as a drifter in Vienna

The status of women in the Weimar Republic ___________.

It was complicated

Anti-Jewish sentiment in the German Empire (1871-1918) appealed to which sector of German society:

Lower Middle lass, Traditional Elites, Conservative Christians

Which of the following youth resistance groups is not mentioned in Daniel Horn's article:

Napola Pirates

Chronological Order for Nazi Revolution

National Revolution Speech 2. Executive Decree Curtailing Freedom of Press and Right to Assemble 3. Fire Destroyed the Reichstag 4. Enabling Act 5. Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service 6.Destroyed Working Class Opposition 7. Day of National Labor 8. NSDAP Was Declared the Only Political Party in Germany 9.Night of the Long Knives 10. Combined the Offices of President and Chancellor

In Mein Kampf, Hitler discussed the importance of propaganda in harnessing the support of the masses. His theory was predicated on which of the following general assumptions

People are mostly Unintelligent

Bessel argues that four general themes link Hitler's ascent to power in 1933 and the crimes perpetrated by the Nazi regime in the years following. Which from the list below is NOT one of the theme identified by Bessel?

Propaganda

In the early years of the Weimar Republic, which of the following groups launched a revolt against the German government? (You may choose to select multiple answers)

Right Wing Veterans, Communists

chronology of the Second World War.

September 1939 Invasion of Poland June 1940 German-French Armistice July 1940 Operation Sea Lion June 1941 Launch of Operation Barbarossa December 1941 Germany Declares War on the United States February 1943 German Defeat at Stalingrad July 1943 Allied Invasion of Sicily June 1944 Operation Overlord December 1944 Ardennes Offensive May 1945 German Surrender to Allied Forces

What word best describes the reaction of the German populace when German military leaders signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1918, capitulating to the allied powers?:

Shocked

The growth of the Nazi party during the "Years of Struggle" can be attributed to Hitler's successful use of which of the following tactics?

Skillful use of propaganda that distilled the party's ideology down to simple repeatable slogans, Adoption of symbols and physical displays of member, Mass meetings that featured rousing, emotional speeches.

What political party benefited most from the rapid socioeconomic changes and the subsequent expansion of political enfranchisement that took place in Germany in the decades following national unification in 1871?

Social Democratic Party

"Dualism" refers to which rival entities in Nazi Germany?

State and Party

One group historians assumes that Hitler's dislike of making decisions resulted in the chaos that undermined his own authority and made him a "weak dictator." What is this school of historical interpretation called?

Structuralist

Which of the following was the last of RPB101's actions in the Final Solution?

The "Harvest Festival"

Hitler drew an important lesson from the outcome of the Beer Hall Putsch. Which of the following best summarizes that lesson?

The Nazi Party should re-focus its efforts on finding a legal path to power through the election process

Bessel's argument addresses the problem of describing Hitler's ascension and consolidation of dictatorial power. Which of the following is NOT one of the descriptions used by historians (Bessell and others) to describe this phenomenon?

The Nazis "created" power

n One of a Hundred Thousand,Hans Hinkel described his experience as a Nazi Party activist during the "Years of Struggle." Which of the following party developments is best reflected by Hinkel's description?

The transition of the SA from a paramilitary organization to a propaganda organization

Germans experienced unprecedented, rapid social, economic, and political change as a result of the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century. What word best describes how middle class Germans, and especially the lower middle class, felt about these changes?

Threatened

RPB101 not only participated in the genocide of European Jews by shooting, but also by overseeing the deportation of Jews in the Lublin District to which of the following extermination camps?

Treblinka

According to Spielvogel, the three core tenets of Hitler's ideology were (1) the idea that social darwinist struggle shapes all interactions; (2) the apocalyptic threat posed by racial conflict; and (3) the need for a single, dominant leader to shape and advance the völkisch community.

True

According to reporters who covered the proceedings, the Nuremberg Trials for the most part were spectacularly boring.

True

After ordering that the men of Reserve Police Battalion 101 to round up the Jews of Jozefow, separate the abled-bodied men for forced labor and murder the women, children, and elderly, Major Wilhelm Trapp allowed police not feeling up to the gruesome task to step excuse themselves.

True

An important method for avoiding plagiarism is to take notes on all sources that I read/study about my subject and be sure to indicate the source of all notes with a properly formatted bibliographic citation.

True

At Nuremberg the prosecution's case rested primarily on Nazi documents collected by the invading allied armies and less so on witness testimony.

True

At the outbreak of World War II, there was a feeling of apathy and foreboding disaster among German civilians.

True

Bergen argues that Nazi policies of identifying and empowering ethnic Germans in eastern Europe intensified the persecution of Jews by local peoples.

True

Browning's study was based on postwar interrogations of members of RPB101 conducted by the State Prosecutor's office in Hamburg.

True

Changes in German primary and secondary school curriculum to reflect Nazi racial ideology and Hitler's insistence that the "rearing of healthy bodies" was more important than learning "pure knowledge" is best exemplified in the primary source entitled "Conference Minutes" from the Horst Wessel School in Kassel.

True

Clare Hall's research on role of paid informers in the Gestapo spy network challenges previous research that suggests the Nazi dictatorship relied on a broad consensus enforced by "self-policing" within the German population.

True

Contemporary political cartoons suggest that World War I was an ideological war.

True

Eberhard Demm argues that the state apparatus required to wage "total war" during World War I served as a necessary precursor for the totalitarian German state of the 1930s

True

Franz von Papen convinced Reich President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler to the position of Chancellor based on the assumption that Hitler could be reigned in by the traditional conservative politicians in the cabinet.

True

Hitler was intimately involved with the planning and conception of mass Party rallies.

True

In an effort to control information disseminated to the public through the press, the Nazi regime took at three-fold approach: (1) coordination, (2) consolidation), and (3) direct supervision of content

True

In order to thwart Catholic opposition, the regime made an agreement with the Catholic Church in 1933 in which the church agreed to recognize the legitimacy of the Nazi government and eliminate all political and social organizations of German Catholicism, and the regime agreed to protect church institutions and the religious freedom of German Catholics

True

Kapos were camps prisoners selected by the SS to supervise other prisoners.

True

National Socialism supported the notion that women were naturally different than men and thus naturally suited for different tasks.

True

Nazi ideologues promoted the belief that an individual's racial purity and longevity were irrelevant unless the survival of that superior genetic stock was ensured by the act of procreation.

True

Programs of indoctrination for both Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls emphasized service, regimentation, obedience, and discipline.

True

Since the east contained the Lebensraum for German expansion, German administration was both direct and considerably more ruthless there than in the west.

True

The Nazi approach to culture was anti-intellectual.

True

The SS operated maternity homes for "hereditarily valuable" children fathered by racially elite men and unmarried women

True

The implementation of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" was tasked to Heinrich Himmler and organs of the SS bureaucracy.

True

The necessities of war created a reversal in Nazi attitudes toward women and female employment.

True

The outbreak of World War I gave Hitler purpose and for the first time in his life he showed some sustained ambition.

True

The regime's abandonment of policies prohibiting female employment and attempts to compel women to work in the late 1930s were largely unsuccessful.

True

The success of the Nazi regime did not require widespread, ideological commitment to the Volksgemeinschaft.

True

Two groups particularly resistant to Nazi propaganda were the industrial working class and Catholics.

True

Wiesel grew up a pious Jew in the Hassidic tradition, but lost his faith during the Holocaust.

True

With the goal of establishing a "New Order" in Europe, the regime pursued policies of forced resettlement not only for Jews, but also for millions of ethnic Germans and Poles.

True

After a dismal performance in the Reichstag election of 1928, the Nazi Party shifted electoral strategies, resulting in the Nazi Party's breakthrough of 1930. Which of the following groups did NOT contribute significantly to the Party's electoral success?

Working Class

The governing process in which state and party officials compete against each other to develop policies that best reflect the Führer 's wishes and enable them to gain influence in the power structures of Nazi Germany is known as:

Working toward the Fuhrer

In the period 1933 to 1939, Hitler''s stated goal was to create a "total state," in which "every activity and every need of every individual will be regulated by the collectivity represented by the party." Which of the following two leadership positions was most effective in achieving that goal?

Zellenleiter(Cell Leader) Blockleiter (Block Leader)

Which of the following statements in the Spielvogel text concerning Weimar culture most closely reflect Georg Grosz's description of Berlin during the Weimar era:

a. "The sense of society divided against itself was experienced during the Weimar years as being something as potentially dangerous as the political divisions that crippled the new democracy."

The Nazi Regime used which of the following tactics to increase the birthrate?

direct payments for each child born, loans to newlywed couples, awards for mothers bearing many children, restrictions on birth control and abortion