NDFS 1020 Exam 3
How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C?
0
_____ is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells and oxygen transport in the blood is impaired
Anemia
What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?
Anemia, convulsions, dermatitis
The water-soluble vitamins include
B vitamins and vitamin C
Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are al signs of a vitamin____ deficiency
B-12
The nutrients that, working together, may lower the risk of stroke, depression and dementia are
B-6, B-12, folate
Which of the following are good sources of iron?
Beef liver clams
What describes the degree of potency in a vitamin?
Biological activity
Manganese supports enzymes that assist in
Metabolism, Bone Formation, Wound healing
Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase
Molybdenum
Folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C are all examples of ______- soluble vitamins
water
Phytates
whole grains
_____ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.
Ferritin
which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient?
Fluoride
Consuming high amounts of the _____ form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer
inorganic
What is commonly added to certain foods such as salad dressings and ice cream for its emulsifying properties.
Lecithin
Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by the
lack of intrinsic factor
A _____ promotes production of free radicals.
Prooxidant
One suggestion for preserving vitamin C is to store vitamin C rich foods in the ____.
Refrigerator
Anencephaly and ____ _____ may occur ud a woman's diet is low in folate.
Spina Bifida
What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?
The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.
Pork, legumes, enriched grains and Brewer's yeast are all good sources of which vitamin?
Thiamin
Inositol may be conditionally essential in
diabetes, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis
Vitamins provide ____ kilocalories per gram.
0
stages if iron deficiency with the appropriate discription
1. Iron stores are lower than normal 2. The body firms hypochromic, microcytic red blood cells 3. Reduced cognitive function
People sometimes take this vitamin to treat PMS, morning sickness and carpal tunnel syndrome, even though there is not strong scientific evidence than it works.
B-6
What gland uses iodide?
Thyroid gland
True or false: Some radical formation in the body is necessary and provides some benefits.
True
To prevent dental fluorosis children should...
Use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, rinse with water after brushing teeth, spit out excess fluid.
The term vitamin gets its meaning from_____.
Vita- meaning necessary for life amine- a nitrogen containing substance
The RDA for iron is highest for
a 30 yr old woman
Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include
Carotenoids, vitamin C, and phytochemicals
Oxidants produced from excess iron in the blood can result from.
Certain genetic conditions and toxic amounts of iron supplements
Polyphenols
Coffee
Which of the following may increase iron absorption?
Combining heme and nonheme iron sources Drinking a glass of orange juice w an iron supplement
Iron supplementation can cause
Constipation, gastrointestinal distress, nausea
In the body, pantothenic acid is important for
Energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis.
What is the function of Chromium?
Enhance effect of insulin and glucose regulation
Adding B vitamins to refined flour and other milled grain products is an example of:
Enrichment
Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum?
Essential, Trace
Which statements about vitamins are true?
Excess vitamin intake can produce a toxicity disorder, Cells can be damaged by excess vitamin intake, Cells can become saturated with a vitamin
True or false: Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold.
False
Adding a pat of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables in salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ______ - soluble vitamins
Fat
The _____- soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess ____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in urine
Fat, water
Because the cells cannot obtain the energy they need to perform work when iron levels are low, a major symptom of iron deficiency is ____
Fatigue
Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?
Fruits and vegetables
As compared to older children, infants and toddlers have ____ needs for iron.
Greater
How do zinc lozenges or gel reduce the severity or duration of colds?
Inhibiting multiplication of the cold virus in the nasal or oral cavity
Chromium may help with the function of which hormone?
Insulin
Accidental consumption of _______ supplements is the leading cause of death due to poisoning in children under the age of 6.
Iron
Which of the following minerals is the most common mineral deficiency in the United States?
Iron
_____ is a necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function.
Iron
Which of the following minerals are trace minerals?
Iron, Manganese, copper
Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because
It is not require for growth, it does not sustain life
What are some good food sources of folate?
Liver, leafy vegetables, asparagus
________ is an important activator of many enzymes that play roles in wound healing, metabolism, bone and cartilage formation and antioxidant function.
Manganese
Which is the main source of heme iron?
Meat
Adequate folate status is critical early in pregnancy because the ________ ________ forms about 21 days after conception
neural tube
When an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, it has been
Oxidized.
Rank the steps involved in cancer development and progression beginning with a healthy, specialized cell.
1. The genes that control cell division in a healthy, specialized cell is damaged by a carcinogen. 2. With repeated damage, one abnormal cell divides uncontrollably. 3. Malignant cells become a tumor. 4. Invasive cell multiples, tumor grows and interferes with normal tissue functioning. 5. Malignant cells enter circulatory lymphatic systems (metastasize) and form new tumors in other parts of the body. 6. Tumor stimulates development of its own blood supply.
Stages in which cells acquire iron
1. Transferrin receptors increase in response to low ion 2. Transferrin transports iron 3. Transferrin binds to the transferrin receptors
Men and postmenopausal women should take no more than _____ mg of iron in supplement form.
10
Because vegetarians to not consume meat which provides heme iron, the recommendation for iron intake is up to ______ mg/day for men and ______ mg/day for premenopausal women.
14, 32
What is the adult RDA for iodide?
150 mcg/day
What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?
18 mg/day
Which of the following is the Upper Level for iron?
45 mg
Which of the following may lead to decreased iron absorption?
A high calcium meal and taking antacids
Although commonly used for this purpose, scientific studies do not show that megadoses of vitamin _____ prevents the common cold.
C
A person may unknowingly decrease their intake of fluorinated water by
Drinking bottled water or using water filtration systems
Food sources rich in zinc
beef roast, baked beans, oysters
compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include.
carotenoids, phytochemicals, vitamin C
When considering the role of diet and colon cancer, red meat includes all of the following except
chicken
When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its _____ function.
coenzyme
The prevalence of neural tube defects has ____ by about 30% since enrichment of foods with folic acid began in 1998.
declined
The body is able to store which group of vitamins?
fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin C is unstable in the presence of
heat, oxygen, copper, light
protein in red blood cells that transport oxygen is called _____
hemoglobin
Iron deficient infants may experience
improper nervous system development, impaired motor function, and delays in mental functions
The type of iron found in plant foods is referred to as
nonheme iron
oxalic acid
spinach
Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?
strawberries, citrus, and potatos
The water-soluble vitamins include
the B vitamins and vitamin C.
______ minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day.
trace
In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are
used as coenzymes