NDFS 1020 Exam 3

How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C?

0

_____ is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells and oxygen transport in the blood is impaired

Anemia

What are some signs and symptoms of a vitamin B-6 deficiency?

Anemia, convulsions, dermatitis

The water-soluble vitamins include

B vitamins and vitamin C

Dermatitis, anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are al signs of a vitamin____ deficiency

B-12

The nutrients that, working together, may lower the risk of stroke, depression and dementia are

B-6, B-12, folate

Which of the following are good sources of iron?

Beef liver clams

What describes the degree of potency in a vitamin?

Biological activity

Manganese supports enzymes that assist in

Metabolism, Bone Formation, Wound healing

Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase

Molybdenum

Folate, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C are all examples of ______- soluble vitamins

water

Phytates

whole grains

_____ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.

Ferritin

which of the following is not considered an essential nutrient?

Fluoride

Consuming high amounts of the _____ form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer

inorganic

What is commonly added to certain foods such as salad dressings and ice cream for its emulsifying properties.

Lecithin

Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by the

lack of intrinsic factor

A _____ promotes production of free radicals.

Prooxidant

One suggestion for preserving vitamin C is to store vitamin C rich foods in the ____.

Refrigerator

Anencephaly and ____ _____ may occur ud a woman's diet is low in folate.

Spina Bifida

What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?

The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.

Pork, legumes, enriched grains and Brewer's yeast are all good sources of which vitamin?

Thiamin

Inositol may be conditionally essential in

diabetes, certain cancers, multiple sclerosis

Vitamins provide ____ kilocalories per gram.

0

stages if iron deficiency with the appropriate discription

1. Iron stores are lower than normal 2. The body firms hypochromic, microcytic red blood cells 3. Reduced cognitive function

People sometimes take this vitamin to treat PMS, morning sickness and carpal tunnel syndrome, even though there is not strong scientific evidence than it works.

B-6

What gland uses iodide?

Thyroid gland

True or false: Some radical formation in the body is necessary and provides some benefits.

True

To prevent dental fluorosis children should...

Use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste, rinse with water after brushing teeth, spit out excess fluid.

The term vitamin gets its meaning from_____.

Vita- meaning necessary for life amine- a nitrogen containing substance

The RDA for iron is highest for

a 30 yr old woman

Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include

Carotenoids, vitamin C, and phytochemicals

Oxidants produced from excess iron in the blood can result from.

Certain genetic conditions and toxic amounts of iron supplements

Polyphenols

Coffee

Which of the following may increase iron absorption?

Combining heme and nonheme iron sources Drinking a glass of orange juice w an iron supplement

Iron supplementation can cause

Constipation, gastrointestinal distress, nausea

In the body, pantothenic acid is important for

Energy metabolism, fatty acid synthesis.

What is the function of Chromium?

Enhance effect of insulin and glucose regulation

Adding B vitamins to refined flour and other milled grain products is an example of:

Enrichment

Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum?

Essential, Trace

Which statements about vitamins are true?

Excess vitamin intake can produce a toxicity disorder, Cells can be damaged by excess vitamin intake, Cells can become saturated with a vitamin

True or false: Scientific studies show that taking vitamin C is an effective way to prevent the common cold.

False

Adding a pat of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables in salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ______ - soluble vitamins

Fat

The _____- soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess ____ -soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in urine

Fat, water

Because the cells cannot obtain the energy they need to perform work when iron levels are low, a major symptom of iron deficiency is ____

Fatigue

Which of the food groups provide the highest levels of vitamin C in the body?

Fruits and vegetables

As compared to older children, infants and toddlers have ____ needs for iron.

Greater

How do zinc lozenges or gel reduce the severity or duration of colds?

Inhibiting multiplication of the cold virus in the nasal or oral cavity

Chromium may help with the function of which hormone?

Insulin

Accidental consumption of _______ supplements is the leading cause of death due to poisoning in children under the age of 6.

Iron

Which of the following minerals is the most common mineral deficiency in the United States?

Iron

_____ is a necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function.

Iron

Which of the following minerals are trace minerals?

Iron, Manganese, copper

Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because

It is not require for growth, it does not sustain life

What are some good food sources of folate?

Liver, leafy vegetables, asparagus

________ is an important activator of many enzymes that play roles in wound healing, metabolism, bone and cartilage formation and antioxidant function.

Manganese

Which is the main source of heme iron?

Meat

Adequate folate status is critical early in pregnancy because the ________ ________ forms about 21 days after conception

neural tube

When an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, it has been

Oxidized.

Rank the steps involved in cancer development and progression beginning with a healthy, specialized cell.

1. The genes that control cell division in a healthy, specialized cell is damaged by a carcinogen. 2. With repeated damage, one abnormal cell divides uncontrollably. 3. Malignant cells become a tumor. 4. Invasive cell multiples, tumor grows and interferes with normal tissue functioning. 5. Malignant cells enter circulatory lymphatic systems (metastasize) and form new tumors in other parts of the body. 6. Tumor stimulates development of its own blood supply.

Stages in which cells acquire iron

1. Transferrin receptors increase in response to low ion 2. Transferrin transports iron 3. Transferrin binds to the transferrin receptors

Men and postmenopausal women should take no more than _____ mg of iron in supplement form.

10

Because vegetarians to not consume meat which provides heme iron, the recommendation for iron intake is up to ______ mg/day for men and ______ mg/day for premenopausal women.

14, 32

What is the adult RDA for iodide?

150 mcg/day

What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?

18 mg/day

Which of the following is the Upper Level for iron?

45 mg

Which of the following may lead to decreased iron absorption?

A high calcium meal and taking antacids

Although commonly used for this purpose, scientific studies do not show that megadoses of vitamin _____ prevents the common cold.

C

A person may unknowingly decrease their intake of fluorinated water by

Drinking bottled water or using water filtration systems

Food sources rich in zinc

beef roast, baked beans, oysters

compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include.

carotenoids, phytochemicals, vitamin C

When considering the role of diet and colon cancer, red meat includes all of the following except

chicken

When a water-soluble vitamin assists in the chemical reaction involved in the metabolism of the macronutrients, this is known as its _____ function.

coenzyme

The prevalence of neural tube defects has ____ by about 30% since enrichment of foods with folic acid began in 1998.

declined

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

fat soluble vitamins

Vitamin C is unstable in the presence of

heat, oxygen, copper, light

protein in red blood cells that transport oxygen is called _____

hemoglobin

Iron deficient infants may experience

improper nervous system development, impaired motor function, and delays in mental functions

The type of iron found in plant foods is referred to as

nonheme iron

oxalic acid

spinach

Which of the following are good sources of vitamin C?

strawberries, citrus, and potatos

The water-soluble vitamins include

the B vitamins and vitamin C.

______ minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day.

trace

In chemical reactions involved in the metabolism of macronutrients, water-soluble vitamins are

used as coenzymes