NDFS

Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is TRUE?

Not all monosaccharides are absorbed by active transport

The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar?

Nutri-Grain cereal bar

Which of the following statements regarding digestion is CORRECT?

The gallbladder secretes bile.

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol metabolism is TRUE?

The liver metabolizes alcohol at a rate of 1 drink per hour.

Which of the following statements about alcohol is CORRECT?

The presence of food in the stomach will slows the absorption of alcohol through the stomach.

Food that has been moistened with saliva and then swallowed through the esophagus is called ________.

a bolus

What is pyruvic acid?

a three-carbon molecule formed from the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis

The 2-carbon molecule to which all energy-yielding nutrients are converted before entering the TCA cycle is called __________.

acetyl CoA

Which of the following nutrients is absorbed into the lymphatic system?

fats

Which of the following is converted directly to acetyl CoA without first being converted to pyruvate?

fatty acids

Which of the following foods would have the lowest amount of protein per serving?

fruits

The muscle located at the end of the esophagus that must relax before the bolus can enter the stomach is the _______

gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter

Which of the following nutrients is converted to pyruvate before being converted to acetyl CoA?

glucose

Before triglycerides enter the TCA cycle, they are first broken down to __________.

glycerol and fatty acids

What is the name of the process of breaking down glucose to two molecules of pyruvate?

glycolysis

Which of the following is a common ingredient in processed foods that would be considered an added sugar?

high fructose corn syrup

Which class of lipoproteins contains the MOST protein compared to lipid?

high-density lipoproteins

What are the steps in converting excess dietary protein into triglycerides for storage?

ketogenic amino acid, deamination, acetyl CoA, fatty acid synthesis, glycerol, triglyceride, storage in fat cells

Dr. Marie Savard lists five groupings of fiber. What are they?

whole grains nuts and seeds fruits and vegetables beans psyllium supplements

How many carbons does acetyl CoA contain

2

How many different forms of lipids are commonly found in food?

3

How many ATP molecules can be produced for every glucose molecule used, if sufficient oxygen is available?

36 to 38 ATP

Which of the following statements regarding the TCA cycle is FALSE?

Acetyl CoA combines with a two-carbon molecule called malate to form citrate.

Which of the following statements regarding alcohol is TRUE?

Alcohol is not considered an essential nutrient.

Which of the following complex activities require(s) ATP to function?

All

Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate?

All

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is TRUE?

All

Which of the following statements BEST explains carbohydrate digestion?

All of the listed statements are true.

What secretions are needed to digest complex proteins into single amino acids for absorption?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

All of these statements are correct.

Which of the following statements regarding lipoproteins is TRUE?

As the VLDL deposits triglycerides in the cells, it becomes denser and is classified as a LDL.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a process occurring during the digestion and absorption of fat?

Bile is released from the gallbladder to emulsify fat

Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar?

Milk

Which of the following foods provides a moderate amount of protein per serving?

Corn

Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Corn oil

John consumed a large margarita that contained 14 grams of carbohydrate and 24 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories did he consume?

John consumed 224 kilocalories.

How does Dr. Savard suggest you should incorporate fiber into your diet?

Ease into it slowly by drinking plenty of water and eating a variety of fiber.

TF:Acetyl CoA is used to synthesize fatty acids, which then bind with pyruvate to form triglycerides.

False

TF:Approximately 50% of every protein molecule is composed of nitrogen.

False

TF:Carbohydrates must be consumed every 3 to 4 hours to prevent depletion of the glucose in our blood.

False

TF:Chemical digestion of protein begins in the mouth with enzymes found in the saliva.

False

TF:Energy used by the body to perform muscular contractions is called adenosine diphosphate, or ADP.

False

TF:Excess dietary protein is stored as an energy source in the liver

False

TF:Fat is digested and absorbed by the same process the as carbohydrates and proteins.

False

TF:Foods contain only one type of fatty acid, either saturated or unsaturated, but never both.

False

TF:Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate.

False

TF:It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells.

False

TF:Lipids enter the bloodstream directly after digestion.

False

TF:NADH and FADH2 are reduced during the reactions in the electron transport chain.

False

TF:Pregnant women require less nitrogen than they excrete

False

TF:Vitamins such as vitamins A and D are absorbed through facilitated diffusion in the small intestine.

False

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Fat is a nonessential nutrient.

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of triglycerides is TRUE?

Fatty acid chains in a triglyceride molecule, which contain a single double bond, are referred to as monounsaturated fatty acids.

What are the three things that fiber does to support weight loss and overall health?

Fiber fills you up, slows down the absorption of fats and sugars, and moves quickly through the digestive tract.

What is the role of the hormone glucagon in regulating blood glucose?

Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is TRUE?

Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine.

Which of the following accurately describes a process occurring during the digestion and absorption of protein?

Proteins are chemically broken down into smaller units in the stomach, but must be further broken down in the small intestine before absorption.

Which of the following is true about the quality of protein?

Proteins from foods of animal origin are generally high-quality proteins.

The absorption of ingested nutrients takes place in the __________.

Small intestine

The Nutrition Facts Panel indicates that there are 12 grams of sugar in one serving of the food. The ingredients listed are wheat flour, high fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice. Are all 12 grams of sugar in this product the added sugars?

The 12 grams of sugar in this product include both naturally occurring and added sugars.

What occurs when blood glucose levels rise following the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal?

The beta cells of the pancreas release insulin.

Which of the following statements regarding the electron transport chain is FALSE?

The electron transport chain takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Which of the following statements regarding ATP is INCORRECT?

The enzyme ATPase hydrolyzes the first phosphate group from the ATP molecule when energy is needed.

If the Nutrition Facts Panel on a food label indicates that a food has 24 grams of total carbohydrates, 2 grams of fiber and 12 grams of sugar, what is the true amount of carbohydrates in this food?

This food contains 2 grams of fiber, 12 grams of sugars, and 10 grams of other unnamed carbohydrates, for a total of 24 grams.

TF:After one rotation of the TCA cycle, two carbons have entered the cycle and two carbons have been released.

True

TF:Amino acids are absorbed through the process known as active transport.

True

TF:Amino acids are bound together by an amino acid bond to form long chains.

True

TF:Cholesterol transported from the cells to the liver by HDL can then be used to synthesize bile.

True

TF:Enzymes are proteins, which catalyze chemical reactions.

True

TF:Fiber is NOT digested by the human digestive tract

True

TF:Most of the triglycerides in food reach the stomach without being chemically digested.

True

TF:The Nutrition Facts Panel provides information about the amount of sugar in a product, but it does not distinguish between naturally occurring and added sugars.

True

TF:The bond that is formed when two amino acids join together is called a peptide bond.

True

TF:The phosphate from the compound phosphocreatine can be used to synthesize more ATP from ADP.

True

TF:The stores of ATP and creatine phosphate reserves provide about 30 seconds of energy to the body.

True

TF:There are four enzyme complexes involved in the electron transport chain.

True

TF:Triglycerides are the most common lipid found in foods.

True

TF:Water plays a significant role in the TCA cycle

True

If a food product has an ingredient list of wheat flour, high fructose corn syrup, milk powder, and apple juice, which of the following is TRUE?

Wheat flour is a main ingredient in this product.

Which of the following nutrients' chemical digestion starts in the mouth?

Which of the following nutrients' chemical digestion starts in the mouth?

A molecule with four to nine amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is referred to as __________.

an oligopeptide

Chemical digestion ___________

begins in the mouth with the process known as mastication

Which of the following foods contains primarily saturated fats?

butter

How do we determine whether we are in protein balance?

by comparing the amount of nitrogen consumed to the amount of nitrogen excreted.

Amino acids found in the amino acid pool __________

can be used for protein synthesis

Which of the following foods would provide the highest quality protein in the smallest portion size?

chicken breast

What are micelles?

clusters of bile salts that transport lipids across the cell membrane of the villi

The absorption mechanism that requires a specific carrier molecule to move digested nutrients across the cell membrane is called __________

facilitated diffusion

Which of the following amino acids are considered essential?

lysine, methionine, and threonine

What compound carries the blueprint from DNA to the ribosomes during protein synthesis?

mRNA

The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

Which of the following do NOT require enzymes to break them down to smaller units before being absorbed?

monosaccharides

Which of the following is likely to be the MOST significant source of fiber in a cereal bar?

olled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats

Which enzyme digests lipids in the small intestine?

pancreatic lipase

Which of the following foods is the best source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

peanut oil

Which of the three lipids commonly found in foods are used to manufacture cell membranes?

phospholipids

Which type of fatty acid is most common in animal-based foods, such as steak, butter, and milk?

saturated fat

What is denaturation?

the uncoiling of the protein molecule by hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Which of the following plant foods have the highest quality of protein?

tofu