NE 105- Test 2- Practice Questions- Toddler/Preschooler

A mother calls the pediatric clinic to ask when her daughter will receive the Varicella vaccine. Your answer to her question is: A) at 2, 4, and 6 months B) at 12 months and 4-6 years C) at 6 and 12 months D) at 4 months and 4-6 years

B) at 12 months and 4-6 years

A 3-year old boy with vesicoureteral reflux is scheduled for ureteral reimplantation. His father plans to go home during the surgery to get his favorite toy. When the father left, the boy asked the nurse when will his father be back? The nurse's best response is: A) "Your dad will be back later this afternoon." B) "Your dad will be back at 11am" A preschool child understands the concept of time through events and symbols. D) "Your dad will be back within 2.5 hours."

A preschool child understands the concept of time through events and symbols. Rational: A preschool child understands the concept of time through events and symbols.

When should a child receive the first dose of the Hepatitis B vaccine? A) Birth B) 2 months C) 4 months D) 6 months

A) Birth

A preschooler is in what stage of development according to Piaget's Theory? A) Preoperational B) Concrete operational C) Formal operational D) Sensorimotor

A) Preoperational Rational: A preschooler is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. This stage includes children 2-7 years.

What is an example of animism in a 3-year-old child? Select the most appropriate option below: A) The child leaves the T.V. on while she plays outside so her doll won't become bored. B) The child dresses up in a doctor outfit. C) The child uses a stick as a sword to slay dragons. D) The child copies her mother by putting on jewelry and high heels.

A) The child leaves the T.V. on while she plays outside so her doll won't become bored. Rational: Animism is where the preschooler thinks inanimate objects (ex: toys) are living things and have feelings like they do

A 12 month old receives a series of vaccinations which includes the Hepatitis A vaccine. When should the child receive the 2nd dose of this vaccine? A) in 3 months B) at the 18 month visit C) when the child is 4-6 years old D) in 2 months

B) at the 18 month visit Rational: The first dose of HepA is given at 12 months and then the second dose is given 6 months from that dose, which would be at the 18 month visit.

You're providing car seat safety education to a mother of an 18-month-old. Which statement by the mother requires you to re-educate her about this topic? A) "The safest place for the child is in the back seat." B) "A child is switched to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months." C) "A child less than 24 months of age should be in a rear-facing care seat." D) "My son sits in a rear-facing car seat in the back of the car."

B) "A child is switched to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months." Rational: The other statements are correct. Option B is wrong because it should say: A child is switched to a forward-facing car seat at 24 months (2 years)...NOT 12 months.

The nurse is educating the parents of a 13-month-old on how to avoid dental caries. Which statements should the nurse include in the education about this topic to the parents? Select-all-that-apply: A) "If a bottle is given at night, be sure to water down the juice before giving it to the child". B) "When your child's first teeth erupt, it is time to go to the dentist." C) "If your water at home does not contain fluoride, fluoride supplementation may be needed". D) "To help promote autonomy in your child, he should brush his teeth by himself without assistance".

B) "When your child's first teeth erupt, it is time to go to the dentist." C) "If your water at home does not contain fluoride, fluoride supplementation may be needed". Rational: Option A is wrong because a bottle at night-time should be avoided, especially with juice. Option D is wrong because a 13-month-old does not possess the skills to brush his teeth without assistance.

You're providing a free educational clinic to new moms about immunizations. You inform the attendees that the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is given? A) at 6 and 12 months B) 12 months and 4-6 years C) at 4 and 6 months D) at 2 and 12 months

B) 12 months and 4-6 years

At what age does a child starting receiving a yearly flu vaccine? A) 12 months B) 6 months C) 2 months D) 24 months

B) 6 months

You're teaching a group of new moms about how to assess toilet training readiness in their toddler. Which statement by a participant demonstrates they did NOT understand the education provided: A. "I should start potty training once my child has had a dry diaper for 2 hours or more." B. "It is best to start night-time potty training before day-time potty training." C. "Having regular bowel movements is a sign of potty training readiness." D. "My child can sit on the toilet for at least 10 minutes without fussy, so I think I will trying potty training soon."

B. "It is best to start night-time potty training before day-time potty training." Rational: Day-time potty training should be done first. Night-time potty train takes more time and most children still need a diaper at night until about 4-5 years.

Which statement below is TRUE regarding a 5-year-old's cognitive development based on Piaget's Theory? A) "The goal of this stage is to achieve the understanding of object permanence." B) "This child now has the ability to think logically about events." C) "This child's thinking is still egocentric and they can't understand the point of views of others." D) "This child has the ability to create hypothetical arguments."

C) "This child's thinking is still egocentric and they can't understand the point of views of others."

The mother of a three (3)-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and bedtime. Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother? A) Do not allow the child to have the bottle B) Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime C) Allow the bottle if it contains juice D) Allow the bottle if it contains water

D) Allow the bottle if it contains water Rational:It is recommended that parents should wean their children off the bottle at 15-18 months of age. But If a bottle is still attached to the child at 3 years of age during naptime or bedtime, it should contain only water to prevent the risk of dental caries.

The nurse is observing children playing in the hospital playroom. She would expect to see 5-year-old children playing: A) Building a tower out of blocks B) With their own toys alongside with other children C) Alone with handheld computer games D) Cooperatively with other preschoolers

D) Cooperatively with other preschoolers Rational: Cooperative play is typical of the preschool period. Children engage in an activity where they assume equal roles and responsibilities in order to reach a common goal.

A parent verbalizes concern about her 3-year-old stammering while pronouncing words and asks for suggestions. Which statement by the nurse to the parent is NOT an appropriate intervention regarding the child's stammering? A) "When the child stammers help the child finish the word." B) "Encourage the child to take their time as they speak." C) "It is normal for a child to stammer during this time and should subside." D) "Be patient and listen attentively to the child as she speaks." Option A is not an appropriate intervention for a child who stammers because it can further complicate the issue. Stammer is normal during the preschool years due to the explosion of the vocabulary and should subside once the child becomes proficient with speaking. The other options are correct interventions.

A) "When the child stammers help the child finish the word." Rational: Stammer is normal during the preschool years due to the explosion of the vocabulary and should subside once the child becomes proficient with speaking. The other options are correct interventions.

A 4 year old is scheduled for routine immunizations. As the nurse you know the physician will most likely order what vaccinations? A) DTaP (diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) B) Polio C) Hepatitis B D) RV (Rotavirus) E) MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) F) Hib (Haempophilus Influenzae Type B) G) Varicella

A) DTaP (diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) B) Polio E) MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) G) Varicella

When developing a plan of care for a hospitalized child, nurse Mica knows that children in which age group is most likely to view illness as a punishment for misdeeds? A) Infancy B) Preschool age C) School age D) Adolescence

B) Preschool age Rational: Preschool-age children are most likely to view illness as a punishment for misdeeds.

Your patient is 4-years-old. According to Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development the child should develop ____________ by the end of their developmental stage. A) Trust B) Purpose C) Autonomy D) Competence

B) Purpose Rational: Ages 3-5 years include preschoolers, and according to Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development the child is in the Initiative vs. Guilt stage. The child is learning how to venture out and be independent. If they are able to do this (not discouraged or restraint) the child will develop a sense of purpose and be able to go to the next stage, which is Industry vs. Inferiority.

You're assessing the height of a 24-month-old. The child is 34 inches. Based on this measurement, what is an estimated adult height for this child? A) 6 feet 2 inches B) 5 feet 8 inches C) 5 feet 2 inches D) 6 feet

B) 5 feet 8 inches Rational: At 2 years of age a child is about HALF their adult height. Therefore, if the child is measuring 34 inches at 2 years, they should be around 68 inches (5 feet 8 inches) when they're an adult.

The nurse prepares for a Denver Screening test with a 3-year-old child in the clinic. The mother asks the nurse to explain the purpose of the test. The best response is to tell her that the test: A) Measures potential intelligence B) Assess a child's development C) Evaluates psychological response D) Diagnose specific health problems

B) Assess a child's development Rational: The Denver Developmental Test II is a screening test to assess children from birth through 6 years in personal/social, fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor development. A child experiences the fun of play during the test.

You observe toddlers playing. The children are playing with toys, but they are not playing together. This type of play is known as? A) Solitary play B) Parallel play C) Associate play D) Co-operative

B) Parallel play

A 3-year-old is hospitalized. The parent verbalizes to you that at home the child was potty trained but now the child is refusing to use the toilet and is voiding on themselves. The parent expresses concern. As the nurse you should tell the parent? A) Try potty training again while the child is hospitalized. B) Reassure the parent that this is temporary and is most likely occurring because the child is hospitalized. C) Advise the parent to set limits and implement discipline strategies for toilet accidents. D) Recommend the parent avoids ritualistic routines until the child is not hospitalized.

B) Reassure the parent that this is temporary and is most likely occurring because the child is hospitalized. Rational: The toddler is experiencing regression which is due to the stress of the recent hospitalization. The parent should be reassured that this is temporary. The parent should avoid adding more stress to the toddler by trying to potty train while the child is hospitalized and disciplining the child for potty accidents. The parent should NOT avoid ritualistic routines (remember the toddler loves routines and rituals).

The nurse is preparing to care for a toddler who is admitted due to fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. The doctor diagnosed the child with acute gastroenteritis. Which interventions are appropriate for the child? Select all that apply. A) Limit parental presence to promote faster recovery B) Infome the child of his scheduled ultrasound on day 5 of his hospitalization C) Allow to bring his favorite pillow or provide activity such as blowing bubbles D) Allow the child to hold the thermometer before getting the temperature

C) Allow to bring his favorite pillow or provide activity such as blowing bubbles D) Allow the child to hold the thermometer before getting the temperature Rational: Allowing the child to bring familiar objects such as a favorite pillow or blanket to promote comfort; Letting the child hold medical equipment will lessen the fear and stress from the toddler.

Fill-in-the-blank: The anal and urethral sphincter can be voluntarily controlled around _______________. A) 12-18 months B) 24-36 months C) 6-12 months D) 18-24 months

D) 18-24 months

A parent has a question about the Rotavirus vaccine and when it is administered. As the nurse you know that ________ doses are given, and the last dose is given at ________? A) 2; 6 months B) 3; 4 months C) 4; 4-6 years D) 3; 6 months

D) 3; 6 months

You're creating a plan of care for a 24-month-old and developing interventions to help with the development of the child. According to Erickson's Stages of Development, what intervention below would help promote development in this patient? A) Thoroughly communicate the rules to the child. B) Encourage the child to ask questions about care. C) Take time to swaddle and rock the child when crying. D) Give the child opportunities to make food and drink selections.

D) Give the child opportunities to make food and drink selections. Rational: The child at this age is in the Autonomy vs Shame/Guilt stage. Therefore, the child is developing independence and has discovered they're individuals separate from others, which means their actions affect others in their environment. It is important the nurse provide opportunities for autonomy (independence)

A mother of a three (3)-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is constantly rebelling and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to: A) Punish the child everytime the child says "no", to change the behavior B)Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period C) Set limits on the child's behavior D) Ignore the child when this behavior occurs

C) Set limits on the child's behavior Rational: Being consistent and setting limits on the child's behavior are the necessary elements in order for the toddler to learn what is acceptable so they can understand the impact of their behaviors.

The nurse is planning care for an 18 month-old child. Which of the following should be included in the child's care? A) Hold and cuddle the child often B) Encourage the child to feed himself finger food C) Allow the child to walk independently on the nursing unit D) Engage the child in games with other children

B) Encourage the child to feed himself finger food Rational: According to Erikson, the toddler is in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. The nurse should encourage increasingly independent activities of daily living.

A 4-year-old is hospitalized for the treatment of a brain tumor. As the nurse you know that a preschooler would struggle with which of the following issues during the hospitalization? A) Separation anxiety B) Loss of control C) Loss of relationship with peers D) Negativism

B) Loss of control Rational: The child is at risk for experiencing loss of control. Loss of control can occur when the preschooler is hospitalized or sick because the child is restricted in the normal things they usually do (dress, eat, play etc.) This can cause the child to regress, increase anxiety and fear, or act out.

You're assessing the development of a 5-year-old. Which of the following are FINE motor skills a child should be able to perform at this age? Select-all-that-apply: A) Ride a tricycle B) Use blunt tip scissors C) Hop D) Skip E) Copy triangles and circles F) Print their first name

B) Use blunt tip scissors E) Copy triangles and circles F) Print their first name Rational: Fine motor skills are skills that require small muscles for holding and using objects (using scissors, copying shaped and writing etc.). The other options A, C, and D are GROSS motor skills.

A nurse is evaluating the developmental level of a two (2)-year-old. Which of the following does the nurse expect to observe in this child? A) Use a fork to eat B) Uses a cup to drink C) Uses a knife for cutting food D) Pours own milk into a cup

B) Uses a cup to drink Rational: By age 2 years, the child can use a cup and can use a spoon correctly but with some spilling.

You're developing a plan of care for a 3-year-old that includes play activities. What type of play does a child participate in at this age? A) Parallel B) Cooperative C) Associative D) Solidary

C) Associative Rational: With this type of play, children are playing/talking together in the sense they are doing the same activity together like using the same toys or use equipment but they aren't working together to accomplish something but rather focusing on their own activities.

A 20-month-old is in what stage of development according to Erickson's Stages of Development? A) Industry vs. Inferiority B) Initiative vs. Guilt C) Autonomy vs. Shame and Guilt D) Trust vs. Mistrust

C) Autonomy vs. Shame and Guilt

Kelly, a first-time mother, went to the community clinic and asked the nurse what kind of toy would be most appropriate for her 15th-month-old child? A) Knitting knits B) Board games C) Ball popper toys D) Checker

C) Ball popper toys Rational: At 15 months, the child's cognitive development and fine motor skills are growing so provide toys that have cause and effect such as ball popper toys.

A nurse is preparing to care for a five (5)-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that, which of the following is the most appropriate activity for this child? A) Large picture books B) A radio C) Crayons and coloring book D) A sports video

C) Crayons and coloring book Rational: In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic boards, and Play-Doh.

A 3-year-old is hospitalized and the parent has to leave to care for other children but will be back to visit. What observation found in this preschooler would demonstrate the child is experiencing the protest phase of separation anxiety? A) Loud crying that is inconsolable B) Withdrawn and sullen C) Crying quietly and acting out D) Happy and content

C) Crying quietly and acting out Rational: Separation anxiety can still present in a preschooler. It usually starts to subside by 4-5 years. During the protest phase the preschooler is different than the toddler in that he or she will be crying quietly and may act out...the toddler will be loudly crying that is inconsolable. The preschooler will generally act the same as the toddler during the despair and detachment phase.

A toddler is hospitalized and the parent had to temporarily leave the child. The child was inconsolable when the parent left, but now is quite and withdrawn. This is known as what stage of separation anxiety? A) Detachment B) Denial C) Despair D) Protest

C) Despair

Which of the following is the most appropriate activity for a 5-year-old child? A) Squeeze toy B) Board game C) Play-doh D) Computer game

C) Play-doh Rational:In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative that includes activities such as puppets, play-doh, and coloring books.

You're providing caring to a 2-year-old and have noted negativism. Which statement by the nurse to the toddler will help decrease negativism when administering medications to the toddler? A) "Are you ready for your medicine?" B) "Can you take your medicine in a cup?" C) "Do you want to take your medicine now?" D) "You can take your medicine in the blue or green cup."

D) "You can take your medicine in the blue or green cup." Rational: Negativism is doing the opposite of what is being asked and responding negatively to the command. Therefore, the nurse should not ask a question that could allow the toddler to say "no", but give options and let them pick (helps with autonomy).

A 2-year-old weighed 7 lbs. at birth. How much should the child weigh now? A) 14 lbs. B) 28 lbs. C) 21 lbs. D) 36 lbs.

B) 28 lbs. Rational: The child's weight should be 4 times their birth weight when they are 2 years old. Therefore, if the child weighed 7 lbs. at birth they should be around 28 lbs. at 2 years (24 months).

Your patient, who is 2 years old, is having a temper tantrum. What actions below are not appropriate for dealing with this situation? Select-all-that-apply: A) Attempt to stop the tantrum B) Protect the child from hurting themselves C) Ignore the behavior D) Reason with the child E) Leave the child alone until the tantrum stops F) Be consistent with your approach

A) Attempt to stop the tantrum D) Reason with the child E) Leave the child alone until the tantrum stops Rational: The question asked which actions would you NOT do during this tantrum and these are the options that you would not do during a tantrum. Options B, C, F would be interventions to perform during the tantrum.

During a routine pediatric visit, a 2 month old patient will need which of the following vaccines? A) MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) B) Hepatitis A C) Hepatitis B D) DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) E) Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B) F) Varicella G) Polio H) RV (Rotavirus) I) PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine)

C) Hepatitis B D) DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) E) Hib (Haemophilus Influenzae Type B) G) Polio H) RV (Rotavirus) I) PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine)

The mother of a toddler verbalizes her child has become a picky eater. What are some strategies the mother can implement to help her child? Select-all-that-apply: A) Have small easy to grab nutritious snacks available rather than 3 large meals a day B) Give the child new foods to try C) Use the same plate and cup for meals D) Offer food items that are mixed

A) Have small easy to grab nutritious snacks available rather than 3 large meals a day C) Use the same plate and cup for meals Rational: Toddlers are grazers so they do better with small nutritious snacks rather than large meals. Plus, they tend not to like foods that are mixed like stir-fry or casseroles and are not likely to try new foods (most prefer to eat the same thing).

You need to start an IV on a 4-year-old. Select the appropriate interventions to perform before starting the IV to help the preschooler cope with this procedure. Select-all-that-apply: A) Let the child know that at 9:00 am you will be starting the IV. B) Be honest with the child about what to expect with starting the IV. C) Have a doll available that the child can start an IV on. D) Give the child privacy and direct the parents to the waiting room while the IV is started. E) Encourage and answer all the child's questions before starting the IV.

B) Be honest with the child about what to expect with starting the IV. C) Have a doll available that the child can start an IV on. E) Encourage and answer all the child's questions before starting the IV.

The mother of a 2-year-old verbalizes concern about how her child has suddenly developed temper tantrums. She asks about preventive measures. What are some preventive measures you can educate the mother about? Select-all-that-apply: A) Avoid giving the child choices B) Distract the child C) Give in to the child's request D) Prepare the child for a change in activity or an event a few minutes before it occurs E) Avoid new activities when the child is hungry or tired

B) Distract the child D) Prepare the child for a change in activity or an event a few minutes before it occurs E) Avoid new activities when the child is hungry or tired Rational: These strategies can sometimes help prevent a tantrum. In addition, being aware of potential triggers (sickness, tired, hungry etc.) and praising their good behavior.

According to Piaget's Theory of Development, what stage would a 14-month-old be in? A) Formal operational B) Sensorimotor C) Preoperational D) Concrete operational

B) Sensorimotor Rational: This stage includes children of the age of birth to 2 years (24 months).

According to Piaget's Theory of Development, your patient is in the Preoperational Stage based on their age. The patient demonstrates they are in this stage by which finding below? A) The child understands time and quantity. B) The child likes to play pretend. C) This concept of object permanence is not developed yet. D) The child possesses abstract thinking rather than concrete thinking. The answer is B. A child in this stage possesses symbolic thinking. Therefore, they love to play pretend. This is one of the hallmark signs of this stage.A child in this stage possesses symbolic thinking. Therefore, they love to play pretend. This is one of the hallmark signs of this stage.

B) The child likes to play pretend. Rational: A child in this stage possesses symbolic thinking. Therefore, they love to play pretend. This is one of the hallmark signs of this stage.

Which age group has the greatest potential to demonstrate regression when they are sick? A) Infant B) Toddler C) Adolescent D) Young Adult

B) Toddler Rational: Regression is most seen among toddlers and it can be caused by stressful situations such as hospitalization, the arrival of a new sibling, or starting a new school. When a child regresses, he or she appears to be going backward in an earlier stage of development where he or she feels comfortable (e.g. toilet trained toddlers suddenly start wetting their pants when they become sick, thumbsucking).

When considering Erickson's Stages of Psychosocial Development for a 3-year-old which action below would potentially hinder a child's development? A) Giving the child freedom to try new things B) Offering options of play that are imaginary C) Accepting reasonable choices made by the child D) Making choices and decisions for the child

D) Making choices and decisions for the child Rational: Children at this age need to be given opportunities to try new things and make their own choices. If not given opportunities to try new things or make choices on their own, the child will develop guilt and struggle with trying new things and being independent. In turn, the child will have trouble developing a sense of purpose. Therefore, the parent should avoid trying to control or make choices or decisions for the child.

The parents of a two (2)-year-old boy arrive at a hospital for a visit. The child is in the playroom when the parents arrive. When the parents enter the playroom, the child does not readily approach the parents. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating that: A) The child is withdrawn B) The child is seld-centered C) The child has adjusted to the hospital setting D) This is a normal pattern

D) This is a normal pattern