Neck (Fill in the Blank)

03. Located at the center of the occiput, the _________________________ is the superior attachment site for the ligamentum nuchae.

External occipital protuberance

51. The ligamentum nuchae spans between which two bony landmarks?

External occipital protuberance and SP C-7 (218)

52. To feel the ligamentum nuchae change tension underneath your fingers, what two passive movements can you perform at the head?

Flex and extend (218)

02. The sternocleidomastoid, clavicle and trapezius form the _____________ of the neck?

Posterior triangle

22. What direction should you give your partner in order to locate the suprahyoids?

Press tip of tongue firmly against roof of the mouth

09. To create an even more visible contraction in the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) ask your partner to flex her neck after making what adjustment?

Rotate head slighty to opposite side

43. To distinguish the trapezius fibers from the splenius capitis fibers, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

Rotate head slighty toward the side you are palpating (204)

14. The anterior scalene lies partly deep to the lateral edge of which muscle?

SCM

01. What three landmarks create the borders of the neck's anterior triangle?

SCM, trachea, base of mandible

17. Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side would ________ the sternocleidomastoid.

Shorten

08. The two heads of the sternocleidomastoid originate at the __________________ and the _________________.

Top of manubrium and medial 1/3 of clavicle

30. Name the place where the vertebral artery passes through the cervical vertebrae.

Transverse foramen (272)

35. A 1000 case four-year observational study published in 2012 said that the "missing link" in whiplash injuries is the _________ muscle which may be damaged through eccentric muscle contraction during the whiplash mechanism.

Trapezius (Outline)

39. The cervical and suprascapular areas of the ___________ frequently refer pain and deep tenderness to the lateral neck (especially the submastoid area), temple area, and angle of the jaw.

Trapezius (Outline)

42. The splenius capitis is a deep muscle except on the lateral side of the neck where it is superficial between which two muscles?

Trapezius and SCM (203)

21. Which muscle originates at the mastoid process, loops through a tendinous sling at the hyoid bone and inserts to the inferior border of the mandible?

Digastric

20. Name the 4 muscles which comprise the suprahyoids.

Digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid

44. How can the upper fibers of the trapezius be helpful in locating the suboccipitals?

Lateral edge is the same width as the suboccipitals (205)

19. Passive rotation of the head and neck to the same side would _______ the sternocleidomastoid.

Lengthen

05. Which bony landmark is located directly behind the earlobe and serves as an attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid?

Mastoid process

45. What two bony landmarks and one region be helpful to locate the location of the suboccipitals?

SP C-2, TP C-1, and space between superior nuchal line and C-2 (205)

11. Which muscles are located between the SCM and the anterior flap of the trapezius?

Scalenes

16. Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would ________ the scalenes.

Shorten

37. Common trigger points involved in "stiff neck" are in the _________ (usually a few inches lateral to C7) or the _______________ and ________________ lateral to C4-C6 cervical processes. These points are often not found unless the muscle is relaxed during palpation.

Trapezius, levator scapula, splenius cervicus (Outline)

34. ____________ is a non-medical term describing a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck associated with extension. The term "whiplash" is a colloquialism. "Cervical acceleration-deceleration" (CAD) describes the mechanism of the injury, while the term "whiplash associated disorders" (WAD) describes the injury sequelae and symptoms.

Whiplash (Outline)

38. After lateroflexion injuries of the neck, a sharp burning pain may radiate along the course of one or more cervical nerves, the result of nerve contusion due to stretching. Scalenus anticus syndrome may be exhibited. This is often referred to as a "___________________" or "pinched nerve" by players and sports writers.

Hot shot (Outline)

23. Which muscle runs from the hyoid bone to the superior border of the scapula and is mostly inaccessible?

Omohyoid

07. While palpating the mandible, in which area should one use extra sensitivity?

Submandibular fossa

28. The pulse of the __________ can be felt medial to the SCM at the level of the hyoid bone.

Common corotid artery (271)

12. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through a small gap between which two muscles on the anterior, lateral neck?

Anterior scalene and middle scalene

15. To discern the posterior scalene from the levator scapula, what action could you ask your partner to perform that would contract the levator but not the scalene?

Elevate scapula

31. Name the condition that is the anterior positioning of the cervical spine. It is a posture problem that is caused by several factors including sleeping with the head elevated too high, extended use of computers, lack of developed back muscle strength and lack of nutrients such as calcium. This posture is sometimes called "Scholar's Neck", "Wearsie Neck", or "Reading Neck." Possible negative effects include tingling and numbness in the arms, and a burning pain between the shoulder blades. Individuals who display this posture are often associated with geek culture due to the awkward appearance that is caused when moving. Treatment involves stretching the muscles in the front of the neck and torso such as the anterior scalenes, middle scalenes, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor while also strength training muscles in the back of the neck and torso such as the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids and posterior deltoids. Posture retraining is imperative.

Forward head posture (Outline)

29. The thyroid gland is situated on the anterior surface of the trachea between which two structures?

Jugular notch and cricoid cartilage (273)

41. Rotating the head to the left demands the contraction of which splenius capitis - the left or right?

Left (203)

49. Passive rotation of the head to the opposite side would _______ the oblique capitis inferior.

Lengthen

50. Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would _______ the splenius capitis.

Lengthen

25. What two muscles attach from the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae to the occiput and atlas?

Longus capitis and longus colli

36. This type of bone deformity (_____________) is also known as cervical kyphosis. The normal neck curvature is forward bending. The head bends forward. But in this condition the neck is not curved forward. It could either be straight or bent backwards.

Military neck (Outline)

40. _______________ syndromes are among the most common, yet poorly recognized, causes of musculoskeletal pain.

Myofascial pain (Outline)

32. __________________ is a falling of the head onto the chest that is most commonly seen in infants and is caused by the loss of tone in the neck muscles, as in epilepsy, or by tonic spasm of anterior neck muscles. It can be a nodding of the head caused by a bilateral clonic spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Nodding spasm (Outline)

24. Which muscle becomes visually distinct when your partner forms a "creature from the black lagoon" expression?

Platysma

10. What scalene is difficult to distinguish from surrounding muscle bellies?

Posterior

13. You might ask your partner to "breathe deeply into your upper chest" when palpating which muscle group?

Scalenes

18. Passive flexion of the head and neck would ________ the anterior scalene.

Shorten

26. Tightening the fascia of the neck would ______ the platysma.

Shorten

27. Passive depression of the mandible would _______ the suprahyoids.

Shorten

46. Passive rotation of the head to the same side would ________ the rectus capitis posterior major.

Shorten

47. Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck would _______ the splenius cervicis.

Shorten

48. Passive extension of the head and neck would _______ the splenius capitis.

Shorten

06. Which bony landmark is located on the underside of the mandible and acts as an attachment site for the suprahyoid muscles?

Submandibular fossa

04. Which bony landmark of the occiput serves as an attachment site for several neck muscles?

Superior nuchal line

33. ________________ is a chronic condition in which the neck muscles contract involuntarily. This causes the head to turn and tilt to one side, and the chin to point to the opposite side. Sometimes one shoulder is lifted. The muscle contraction may be constant (fixed) or may come and go (intermittent). The abnormal posture caused by tilting the head may lead to neck pain. Torticollis may be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life(acquired). Torticollis, also known as wry neck or loxia, is a symptom defined by an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position.

Torticollis (Outline)