NERVOUS SYSTEM - Lesson 6,7,8

The major divisions of the nervous system are

Central and nervous

The skeletal muscles are innervated by the ________ nervous system

Somatic

Integrative centers for the autonomic nervous system are located in the

hypothalamus.

Which neuroglial cells within the CNS produce, monitor and circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal cells

The brain region that automatically regulates heart rate and blood pressure is called the

Medulla oblongata.

The flexor reflex

is a withdrawal reflex

Analytical tasks, such as math and logic, are generally carried out in the

left cerebral hemisphere.

Diabetes mellitus metabolically mimics starvation in that

lipids and proteins are being metabolized for energy.

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter for

postganglionic sympathetic neurons.

Rise in the concentration of solutes in the blood or a fall in the blood volume will cause the release of __________.

ADH

The all-or-none principle states that

All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary glands?

IX

The ability to predict the consequence of an action is located in the

Prefrontal Cortex

Unlike neurons, neuroglia are ________.

capable of cell division

Sensory information enters the spinal cord through the

Dorsal root

Which structure is most superficial

Dura mater

Products of activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS?

INCREASED: - respiratory rate - metabolic rate - heart rate/ blood pressure - mental alertness NOT: increased urinary function

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by

Oligodendrocytes.

The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon directly results in the ________.

Release of a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal.

Which of the following is NOT a response to increased levels of parasympathetic activity?

decreased blood flow to the digestive tract

Scavenger phagocytic cells in the central nervous system are called

microglia

Matches

- medulla oblongata: contains cardiovascular center - cerebellum: maintaining posture - hypothalamus: regulating body temperature

Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release?

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Sequence the following steps in the order that in which an action potential occurs. (1) Sodium enters the cell. (2) Cell is repolarized. (3) Voltage-gated sodium channels close as voltage-gated potassium channels open. (4) Cell is depolarized. (5) A stimulus arrives. (6) Potassium leaves the cell. (7) Voltage-gated sodium channels open

5,7,1,4,3,6,2

The structure that allows a single neuron to communicate with several other cells is a(n)

Collateral axon

Insulin causes

Conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.

An increase of positive charges flowing into cell will result in __________.

Depolarization

Which of the following would NOT be a consequence of damage to pancreatic beta cells?

Increased triglyceride synthesis

What is crucial for reciprocal inhibition to occur?

Interneurons in the spinal cord

Which of the following organs is NOT considered to have a secondary endocrine function?

Pancreas

Face recognition is carried out by the

Right cerebral hemisphere

Functions of the cerebrum:

Sensory processing, memory storage, regulation of skeletal muscles, conscious thought. NOT autonomic control

Effects of activation of the sympathetic division?

Sweating, release of stored lipids from adipose tissue, peripheral vasoconstriction NOT: constriction of pupils

The effects of neurotransmitters released by the modified neurons of the adrenal medullae resemble those produced by stimulation of ________.

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include

Increased secretion by digestive glands.

High thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in the blood indicates ________.

Low concentration of thyroid hormones

The meningeal area that contains cerebrospinal fluid is called the

Subarachnoid space.

Which of the following occurs from spinal segments T1 to L2?

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers join the ventral root of each spinal nerve.

Iodine is extremely important in the formation of what hormone?

T4

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

VII

The ability to read is developed in the

Visual association area

Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump

The pump moves three Na+ ions out of the cell for every two K+ ions pumped into the cell; this maintains a membrane potential of about -70mV ( negative charge on the inside of the membrane and positive charge on the outside.)