networking 8 pt. 1

Magic number formula?

2h= magic number formula(raising 2 to the power of the number of bits in the host portion of the subnet mask)

A caveat to subnetting is that it?

Reduces the number of IP address but results in multiple subnets that are all the same size and can be inefficient in complex networks.

WHen trying to communicate if a computer sees that the bits in its own network ID and network ID of destination are the same what happens?

They send transmission directly to host since they are on the same network, if they don't match destination host on different network gets message through default gateway that is responsible for sending transmission toward correct network.

IP address 192.168.123.132 in binary?

11000000.10101000.01111011.10000100

Subnet mask 255.255.255.0 in binary?

11111111.111111111.111111111.00000000

Subnet mask is always a series of?

1s followed by a series of 0's.

Break down this CIDR block: 192.168.89.127/24?

24 represents the number of 1s in the subnet mask and the number of bits in the network I D

A centrally managed D H C P server can provide D H C P assignments to multiple subnets with the help of D H C P relay agent, what's the process?

A router, firewall, or Layer 3 switch receives the D H C P request from a client in one of its local broadcast domains, The Layer 3 device creates a message of its own and routes this transmission to the specified D H C P server in a different broadcast domain, D H C P server notes the relay agent's IP address and assigns the D H C P client an I P address on the same subnet.

Its cost prohibitive to create?

A separate dhcp server for each subnet

Has a bit with a value of 1 combined or anded with another bit with a value of 1 and results in a 1, bit with value of 0 anded with any other bit results in a 0(1 is true 0 is false)?

ANDing.

Provides additional ways of arranging network and host information in an IP addres, Takes the network I D or a host's IP address and follows it with a forward slash (/), followed by the number of bits used for the network I D?

CIDR(classless interdomain routing).(number in slash is number of 1s in the subnet mask).

What does ip helper- address do on cisco products?

Can be configured to create and send helper messages that support several types of UDP traffic including DHCP, TFTP, DNS, and TACACS_.

Subnet masks are used to?

Determine which subnet or network it belongs to.(also shows how many bits of its IP address is the network ID

What is subnetting?

Divide the pool of I P addresses into three groups or subnets (technique called subnetting).(allows devices on one subnet to send transmissions to devices on another subnet through default gateway instead of directly).

HOw does OSI model play into segmentation?

Layer 1 allows use of physical devices to make seperate LANS, layer 2 creates virtual LAN's, and Layer 3 allows subnetting to organize devices within the available space whether they are defined physically or virtually.

Administrator must program each interface on the router with the network ID and?

Subnet mask for its subnet or LAN.

When examining subnet mask for a network if any octet is not 255 or 0 you know that this network is a ______ and classful addressing is not using ______?

Subnet;classful addressing.

Alters the rules of classful I P v 4 addressing, Called classless addressing, Borrow bits that would represent host information, Use those bits instead to represent network information?

Subnetting

Helps solve problem of classful addressing of too many addresses being used to a lot of hosts too quickly?

Subnetting.

Class C networks have fewer subnets than a class b network because?

Class C addresses have fewer host information bits that can be borrowed for network information, also fewer bits are left over for host info which leads to a lower number of hosts per subnet than the number available to class B subnets.

Broadcast domains usually have?

Classful IP addressing and large LANS and subnets and secondary lans/vlans at lower levels.

What does segmentation acomplish?

Enhance security(less transmissions),Improve performance(semgmenting limits broadcast domain size), Simplify troubleshooting

The existing network ID + additional bits used for subnet information are called the?

Extended network prefix.

Networks are commonly segmented according to one of the following groupings?

Geographic locations, departmental boundaries, and device types.

Each time you subnet a network you lose 2 possible?

Host addresses with each subnet.(this is the overhead price you pay for subnetting a network in exchange for the advantages you gain.)

Ip address assigned to routers interface on LAN?

IP address of default gateway for each LAN.

What does increasing and decreasing number of bits available for network in subnetting do?

Increase the number of bits available for the network I D (increase number of networks), Reduce the number of bits available for identifying hosts (decrease number of host addresses per network).( more bits you borrow means more subnets but fewer hosts per subnet).

IP address 192.168.123.132 net work ID and host portion?

Network I D: 192.168.123.0;Host portion: 0.0.0.132

I P v 4 address is divided into what two parts?

Network ID and host ID.

When a network is segmented into multiple smaller networks, Traffic on one network is separated from another network's traffic, Each network is its own broadcast domain?

Network Segmentation

Benefits of subnetting?

Network documentation is easier to manage , problems are easier to locate and resolve, routers can more easily manage IP address spaces that don't overlap, routing is more efficient on larger networks when IP address spaces are mathematically related at a binary level.

Network portion or network ID is also called?

Network number or network prefix.

Routers connect different networks via their?

Physical interfaces.

(unusual octets are called interesting octets, subtracting this gives you the magic number that can be used to calculate?

The network ID's in all the subnets of the larger network.

Group of ports on a switch?

VLAN.(virtual local area network(usually work with subnets.

Allows subnets to be further subdivided into smaller and smaller groupings until each subnet is about the same size as the necessary IP address space, often referred to as subnetting a subnet.?

VLSM(variable length subnet mask)

How to manage IP address space at logical layers?

You need to configure clients on each subnet so they know which devices are on their own subnet and which devices are not(either through dhcp server or manually), you also need to configure each router to ensure it serves as the default gateway for its LAN and forwards traffic to the other two LAN's as necessary.

Simplest type of IPv4 addressing and uses only whole octets for the network ID and host portions, lost octet is always equal to 0 in ipv4, no longer restrict addressing options on modern networks?

Classful addressing(Workstation cant be assigned same address as the network ID).,

To create VLSM subnets you should?

Create the largest subnet first, create the next largest subnet, then the next one and so on.

For dynamic IP addressing the admin programs each subnets?

DHCP server, with the network ID, subnet mask, range of IP addresses, and the default gateway for the subnet.

Number of 1s in the subnet mask determines the number of?

bits in the IP address belong to the network I D

Subnet mask is used so devices can determine?

which part of an I P address is network I D and which part is the host I D/

Class A, Class B, and Class C networks can be subnetted:Each class has different number of host information bits usable for subnet information, Number of hosts and subnets on your network will vary depending on?

your network class and the way you use subnetting