Networking
Rack-mounted switches facilitate backbone speeds of up to __________
100 GigE
How long are IPv6 addresses
128 bits
An invalid timer is set to __________ seconds by default, a flush timer is set to __________ seconds by default, and an update timer is set to __________ seconds by default.
180, 240, 30
What is NOT an example of a popular software VoIP client application
3CX Phone System(as opposed to AOL Instant Messanger, Skype, Cisco IP Communicator)
According to the OSI model, there are ___ layers of communication rules
7
Layer __ is the only layer that interacts with a human rather than another technological element.
7
What is NOT a metric that enables routing protocols to figure out the best available path
Affordability(as opposed to bandwith, cost, delay)
nto which four layers is IMS framework divided
Application, Control, Transport, and Device
What is NOT a common protocol that operates at the Application Layer
CSMA/CD
You go to visit a Web page and type in the URL, but you receive an Error 404 message. What kind of error is this?
Client error
A LAN requires the ability to connect to the outside world; therefore, it requires an Internet connection
False
A ring topology is the logical layout of a device or medium of a network connected in a ring formation
False
What is the name of the standard that is the original signaling protocol for VoIP
H.323
What global organization published the IPv4 description in 1981
IETF
What is the core Layer 3 protocol?
IP
What is a disadvantage of traditional telephone communication
It has only one mode of communication.
What is a downside of collapsed backbones?
Its centralized nature requires all devices to connect to a central switch
JIT stands for
Just-in-time
Between which two layers does the Network Layer define the functions and activities that will occur
Layers 2 and 4
LNP stands for ____________
Local Number Portability
Because of IPv6, __________ is no longer needed
NAT
What is NOT an example of a common routing protocol in IPv6?
OSPFv4(Other option-MP-GBP, RIPng, ISPFv3)
What does OSI stand for
Open Systems Interconnection
What is Layer 1 in the OSI Reference Layer Model
Physical
What was developed as an alternative to H.323 signaling
SIP
What is a category used to classify organizations
SOHO
What is a common Layer 4 protocol?
TCP
What is a downside of flat backbones?
The entire LAN becomes a single broadcast domain.
What is the main problem facing hierarchical backbones?
They rely on Layer 3 routing to communicate between LANs.
What are the "lower layers"
Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical
A benefit of SIP is that it helps enterprise businesses identify new opportunities.
True
A logical topology is not concerned with specific physical properties of the network.
True
A well-planned UC is one of the most promising strategies to satisfy all communication requirements
True
Ethernet is the most common LAN technology.
True
What cable is the most commonly found in Ethernet LANs
UTP
What does UCaaS stand for?
Unified Communications-as-a-Service
It is common in networks for the ________ to provide speed and the _________ to provide flexibility.
VLAN, IP subnetwork
What company developed Ethernet?
Xerox
What is a local area network
a closed circuit of interconnected devices
What does each entry in a routing table signify
a link
What does the term resilience mean?
a network's ability to maintain quality and level of service despite any interruptions
What is NOT one of the three basic services delivered by Layer 1 for all active physical connections
accepting data from the Session Layer and, if necessary, decrypting it for the Application Layer
Selecting a vendor is a step in the ________ phase of an RFP.
active
When must a frame prepare to be transmitted on LAN, a WAN, or the Internet
after it is addressed to a host on another network and sent to Layer 3
What is NOT one of the critical VoIP functions that H.323 provides
analog-to-digital voice signal conversion
How do many organizations use a physical topology
as a wiring and device diagram
ou are a CIO and you want to implement a new telephony system for your organization. What is an action you can take before implementing this system?
auditing all your existing numbers
The collection of all nodes connected to the same set of hubs or switches is known as a _________
broadcast domain
How do attackers accomplish ARP spoofing
by altering the address table in such a way that a node sends frames with a source MAC address that is not its own allowing the attacker's node to pretend to be a different device
An attacker adds a series of false entries to an address table. How might this compromise the network
by causing switches to send frames to incorrect nodes
How do NIC cards react to a collision
by retransmitting after receiving notification of a collision
Layer 1 contains __________ and __________
cables, interfaces
All of these following are terms for the same topology EXCEPT:
campus backbone
he original telephone system is an example of a system that used a ________ network
circuit-switched
What are the two main, general classifications of softphones
client and server
What does an HSP provide?
cloud services
What compress(es) a 64K VoIP data stream into a lower bit-rate
codecs
What is NOT an important requirement for the creation of a new or improved network solution
confidentiality
How did organizations first create networks
connecting two computers with a single cable
RTP provides "_________," while RTCP provides __________
containers, feedback
What is the term for the tendency for different systems to naturally evolve to perform similar tasks
convergence
What concept enabled formerly diverse technologies (e.g., video, data, and telephony) to interact and have common resources?
convergence of network technologies
IPv4 addresses are written in ____________.
dot notation
The two methods with which routers communicate with one another are ________ protocols and ____________ protocols
dynamic routing, static routing
A small organization has between 101 and 499 employees.
false
The process whereby IP software separates packets into smaller chunks is called ___________
fragmentation
What is NOT generally a step in the RFD model
get the order
What is NOT one of the three primary VoIP tools that provides endpoints for VoIP calls
hardware VoIP(as opposed to mobile and integrated VoIP, software VoIP, and IP phones)
HSP stands for _______________.
hosting/hosted service provider
At a minimum, to what must a router be connected?
its own network and an external network
What does twisted-pair cabling do for organizations running cables to nodes
makes it inexpensive and simple to do
VoIP applications that run on mobile devices or that are integrated into mobile devices are called ___________
mobile/integrated VoIP
What is not one of the three basic types of network backbones
monopolistic
Metcalfe's Law says that a mesh network must have ___________ connections to directly connect each node to all the other nodes.
n(n - 1)/2
Internetworking at the Data Link Layer requires a ______ device called a ________
networking, MAC layer bridge
What word best describes the relationship between SIP and UC?
partners
What devices are you NOT most likely to find connected to an SMB's networks
personal computers
What two services can be used to help locate human and nonhuman resources as well as the distance between two or more resources?
proximity and presence
RFID stands for
radio frequency identification
What is NOT a reason to separate and internetwork LANs
reducing costs
In what kind of network do network nodes transmit using the same medium?
shared domain medium
Today, Ethernet networks are ___________ to both build and maintain.
simpler and less expensive
What is one reason for SIP's popularity
simplicity
What two aspects of a broadcast domain are directly related to network performance and security?
size and scope
SMB stands for
small- and medium-sized business
What is another term for softphones
software VoIP
What is a codec?
software that handles encoding and decoding for VoIP
What does the IEEE 802.3 family of standards define
standards and specifications for the various current Ethernet hardware and technologies
What happens if a TTL packet times out?
the current router drops the packet
What inspired the development of the flat backbone
the desire to address performance problems of hierarchical backbones
What do all learning network devices have in common
the same series of steps for finding unknown nodes
In UTP cables, why is each pair of wires twisted together
to cancel out the effects of EMI
What is the Network Layer's main purpose
to deliver datagrams from one layer to another
What is the purpose of the session part of an SDP
to provide the session with connectivity and context information
What is an accurate list of design considerations that must be examined to internetwork workgroup LANS together
total number of workgroup LANs; physical distance between workgroup LANs; transmission media/cabling installed between wiring closets; Layer 2 or Layer 3 switching; VLANs and Ethernet tagging; internetworking solution; switched LAN aggregation; network security
What is something that most VoIP implementations include
uc
A VLAN is a _______ LAN
virtual
What correctly describes the "applications convergence" phase?
when evolutions in UC and its capabilities began to change the fundamental aspects of how organizations communicate, interact, and operate
What correctly describes the "transport convergence phase"?
when organizations first started to switch from circuit-switched network contracts to all- or mainly-IP networks, bypassing traditional phone systems and lowering costs
A network node wishes to reach any other network node in its broadcast domain. How would it do this?
with a Layer 2 broadcast message
How does Ethernet deal with broadcast transmissions?
with a MAC broadcast address
TCP/IP became the dominant global protocol due to careful planning on the part of its developers
False
The "transport convergence phase" is also known as the virtualization phase.
False
The Layer 3 protocol that most commonly uses broadcast transmission is ARP.
False
The Presentation Layer is the most visible OSI layer, hence the name
False
The basic principles of CSMA/CD have changed as the IEEE 802.3 family of standards has evolved
False
The connection medium can be microwaves, radio waves, or even light waves
False
The network topology is how the actual network works and how you transfer data in a network.
False
The original 802.3 standard defined Ethernet running as fast as 100 Gbps using fiber optic cabling
False
There is only one correct definition of UC
False
Unlike other enterprises, educational organizations cannot provide second-hand information.
False
VoIP solutions require expensive and specialized network hardware and software
False
When designing and implementing edge networks for workgroup LAN connectivity, it is a best practice to enable and activate non-active ports.
False
What is the primary purpose of routers
Figuring out which of its connections will transport a datagram to a given destination in the best and most efficient way
Choose the option that best explains the function of routing tables in the process of routing of a packet.
First, a router receives a forwarded datagram. The router then extracts the packet's destination address. Using the routing table and the extracted address, the router figures out the best and most efficient interface port for the packet to be sent.
you are attempting to convince your boss to approve your plan to completely replace traditional telephone communications with VoIP in your workplace. What is something you might say to help convince your boss to approve this plan?
Implementing VoIP will allow you to centralize network security and support.
A mesh topology is a network layout in which all nodes directly connect to all other nodes
True
ARP usually resolves IPv4 addresses rather than IPv6 addresses
True
Datagram/packet encapsulation, error and handling diagnostics, fragmentation and reassembly, internetwork routing, and logical addressing are all functions or actions defined on the Network Layer.
True
Edge networks can be either wired or wireless
True
For the most part, dumb terminals connect to central computers using a serial communications connection.
True
It is easy for many workstations and device to reach maximum distance and path length limits
True
It is possible for manufacturing organizations to streamline their order-to-delivery process.
True
Layer 2 switches have multiple collision domains
True
Packet-switched networks are those that transmit packets as individual messages.
True
Retail businesses have found that UC solutions allow them to provide more sophisticated customer service.
True
Serial communications means that the terminal would send or receive one character at a time in a serial fashion.
True
TCP and IP were developed by ARPANET in the 1970s.
True
The Network Layer contains most network protocols, functions, and tasks.
True
The benefits of UC and process automation include shortening the order lead time and incorporating JIT inventory and manufacturing.
True
The creation of separate collision domains reduces the number of devices that can receive any frame and results in less collisions and unnecessary traffic.
True
The early adoption period of the Internet began in 1994 and ended in 1997.
True
The goal of CSMA/CD is to avoid collisions and incorporate collision detection
True
The three common network connection levels are edge, distribution, and core backbone.
True
The way computers communicate through layered protocols mirrors the way that humans communicate with one another
True
VoIP increases traffic on a network, and implementing that technology necessitates an increase in the network's responsiveness
True
What was NOT a primary focus during any of the phases of the adoption of the Internet after the early adoption period?
a "hands off" approach
A rack-mounted collapsed backbone combines a _______________ and ____________
a collapsed backbone, a flat backbone
A network designer is attempting to decide whether to separate subnetworks into broadcast or collision domains. What should the designer take into consideration when making this decision?
how often the nodes need to communicate between subnetworks
What is NOT a mode of operation that Layer 5 offers
hybrid duplex
What is NOT a typical step that enterprise businesses use to approach and address communication problems
identify the solution
ist the steps required to set up a VoIP telephone call.
ignaling, setting up the media channel, digitizing the analog voice signal, encoding the message, decomposing the message into network packets, and transmitting the packets on the IP network
What is NOT one of IETF's architectural objectives for SIP
independence from higher-level protocols(as opposed to end to end service features, independence from lower protocols, simplicity)
With whom are softphones most popular?
individuals and small organizations
What is NOT one of the most common devices found in SOHOs?
information kiosks
What is a switching loop?
a situation resulting from multiple paths between switches
What is a broadcast storm
a situation that causes broadcast messages to forward and replicate until a network can no longer handle the resulting traffic
What ability does using multiple modes of business communications give to enterprise businesses
ability to break processes up into smaller parts
A ______ topology starts with a coaxial cable that can support high-speed network communications but is subject to physical distance limitations and maximum number of devices per bus or Ethernet LAN segment.
bus
A datagram is a(n)
packet
IP phones __________________
take care of the process of converting analog voice signals to digital voice signals
Alexander Graham Bell created an idea that was later globally standardized by the ITU. What was this idea?
telephone numbers
What is a term that is more "correct" than voice transmission
telephony
Coaxial cable is a completely outmoded type of media and is no longer used for Ethernet
False
Ethernet attempts to prevent all collisions, because bus topologies with excessive collisions can cause problems.
False
Fragmentation means wrapping higher-layer data with more information before sending it all to a lower layer.
False
Hubs maximize the use of switched LAN connections.
False
IPv6 addresses are usually resolved by ARP
False
EMI stands for external magnetic interference.
Correct
Choose the best definition of VoIP
Correct voice communications transmitted over an IP network through the combined use of a collection of related techniques, protocols, and technologies
What is an MITM attack?
Correct when the attacker alters the ARP table and changes the MAC address to point to the attacker's own IP address for the purpose of intercepting, stealing, or forwarding information meant for the intended recipient
What correctly describes the "service convergence" phase?
Correct when the system began to simplify and move towards virtual network resources, making the first steps to integrate security and distributed call control
What is NOT an important requirement that a network must provide, regardless of the type of network topology selected
Customer support for time-sensitive applications
In the context of VoIP, the encoding is the process by which digital data is converted back into an analog voice signal on the receiving end
False
It is simple for banking and financial services to provide summarized data
False
LAN hubs increased in popularity since the late 1980s and are vital to the function of modern businesses and organizations.
False
Most wireless Ethernet devices rely on Wi-Fi transmission
False
QoE and QoS are interchangeable terms.
False
RTP is the Layer 7 protocol that transfers files between network nodes.
False
Routing protocols and routed protocols are synonyms for the same term.
False
SIP was specifically designed to support VoIP
False
What layer comprises a network engineer's core duties and responsibilities
Network
What option correctly lists the items that can typically be found in a routing table entry?
Network ID or host internetworking logical address; subnet prefix or mask to extract the network ID from the destination IP address; forwarding address; interface port associated with the network ID; routing metric
_______________ refers to network device layout
Network topology
You read in a newspaper that a new technology will soon be available that would increase your organization's Ethernet speed. The article postulates that it may be so innovative that it will eventually completely replace fiber optic cabling, but it will be expensive. Your company is about to expand the number of locations it has. From the given options, what is the best choice for your company?
New technology tends to cost more than existing technology for a variety of reasons. It may be a useful technological advancement in the future, but your technology is currently sufficient for your needs. It would be best to wait until the new technology costs less and is proven effective before investing in and deploying it.
VoIP's ability to transmit voice and data communications over the same network simultaneously allows for the use of feature-rich communications, but this ability also increases overall infrastructure costs.
false
What do a bus topology and a LAN with centralized hubs have in common
All nodes are in a single collision domain.
What are the "upper layers"
Application, Presentation, and Session
Because routed protocols find and choose routes for data being transmitted across networks, a routed protocol is a router's operating system.
False
A mnemonic device is a pattern or phrase that helps you remember something. The mnemonic for the layers of the OSI model is "application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical."
False
All medical professionals can benefit from UC solutions, except for first-responders. UC is irrelevant to first-responders, because getting to the scene of a medical crisis is a greater logistical concern for first-responders than communicating efficiently.
False
An attacker can alter address tables to intercept information, but not to masquerade as another device
False
An edge network is a group of users and the devices necessary for their job functions
False
What Layer 6 protocol supports multiple character sets, binary attachments, and multipart message bodies by extending e-mail message formats?
MIME
What is NOT a difference between today's Ethernet and the original Ethernet
Modern Ethernet is wireless, but the original Ethernet ran on "Thicknet" coaxial cable
What is the dominant global protocol?
TCP/IP
What is NOT one of the three fields that make up TCI?
TPID
What is NOT something that both broadcast and collision domains can affect in a network
confidentiality
What is the assurance that only authorized users can access and use data
confidentiality
What is an advantage of centralized switching
eliminates the need for a shared bus
A tag _________ occurs when two switches are connected via a cable running between two tag _________ and results in a VLANs spread across the two switches.
link, port
MITM stands for _________
man-in-the-middle
The two rules of abbreviating IPv6 addresses are to ___________________ and ________________.
omit leading zeros in groups of hexadecimal digits; replace only one grouping of two or more consecutive groupings of zeros in an address with a double colon
What application environments frequently operate using Layer 5 services
ones that use remote procedure calls
Who can access an intranet
only employees
What approach does Ethernet use for transmission
optimistic transmission
RFP stands for
request for proposal
To transform packets into messages, the destination must do the following, EXCEPT __________________
request that packets arrive in order
What kind of Network Layer protocols assign the formatting for data being sent across networks along with IP and sub-IP protocols
routed Answers: routing router Correct routed route
What limits Layer 2 broadcast messages to single broadcast domains?
routers
What kind of Layer 3 protocols help routers to find routes and help to determine the most efficient of these routes?
routing
The calculation of the cost for a specified route is known as the ___________
routing metric
A ___________ protocol can route a __________ protocol
routing, routed
What is an accurate list of important background and planning tasks that a manufacturer must complete before a customer signs a contract?
sales proposal; statement of work; solution mapped to IT and UC enablement; calculating total costs
What is the term that describes a collection of standard components that connect with each other to provide a complete cabling solution?
structured cabling systems
What does the term traffic or load mean
the amount of bandwidth being used on a link
If a switch allows for the grouping of ports, then this enables _______________
the creation of two or more VLANs
What is the purpose of ATAs
to convert analog voice signals from a traditional analog phone into a digital signal that will work on VoIP
All of the following are the names of the most common SIP gateway types, EXCEPT __________
trucking(as opposed to trunking, signaling, service/feature)
The difference between IP telephony and VoIP is that IP telephony refers to all technology implementing digital telephony over IP networks, while VoIP is the specific technology that IP telephony systems use to transport phone calls.
true
