Networking

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Rack-mounted switches facilitate backbone speeds of up to __________

100 GigE

How long are IPv6 addresses

128 bits

An invalid timer is set to __________ seconds by default, a flush timer is set to __________ seconds by default, and an update timer is set to __________ seconds by default.

180, 240, 30

What is NOT an example of a popular software VoIP client application

3CX Phone System(as opposed to AOL Instant Messanger, Skype, Cisco IP Communicator)

According to the OSI model, there are ___ layers of communication rules

7

Layer __ is the only layer that interacts with a human rather than another technological element.

7

What is NOT a metric that enables routing protocols to figure out the best available path

Affordability(as opposed to bandwith, cost, delay)

nto which four layers is IMS framework divided

Application, Control, Transport, and Device

What is NOT a common protocol that operates at the Application Layer

CSMA/CD

You go to visit a Web page and type in the URL, but you receive an Error 404 message. What kind of error is this?

Client error

A LAN requires the ability to connect to the outside world; therefore, it requires an Internet connection

False

A ring topology is the logical layout of a device or medium of a network connected in a ring formation

False

What is the name of the standard that is the original signaling protocol for VoIP

H.323

What global organization published the IPv4 description in 1981

IETF

What is the core Layer 3 protocol?

IP

What is a disadvantage of traditional telephone communication

It has only one mode of communication.

What is a downside of collapsed backbones?

Its centralized nature requires all devices to connect to a central switch

JIT stands for

Just-in-time

Between which two layers does the Network Layer define the functions and activities that will occur

Layers 2 and 4

LNP stands for ____________

Local Number Portability

Because of IPv6, __________ is no longer needed

NAT

What is NOT an example of a common routing protocol in IPv6?

OSPFv4(Other option-MP-GBP, RIPng, ISPFv3)

What does OSI stand for

Open Systems Interconnection

What is Layer 1 in the OSI Reference Layer Model

Physical

What was developed as an alternative to H.323 signaling

SIP

What is a category used to classify organizations

SOHO

What is a common Layer 4 protocol?

TCP

What is a downside of flat backbones?

The entire LAN becomes a single broadcast domain.

What is the main problem facing hierarchical backbones?

They rely on Layer 3 routing to communicate between LANs.

What are the "lower layers"

Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical

A benefit of SIP is that it helps enterprise businesses identify new opportunities.

True

A logical topology is not concerned with specific physical properties of the network.

True

A well-planned UC is one of the most promising strategies to satisfy all communication requirements

True

Ethernet is the most common LAN technology.

True

What cable is the most commonly found in Ethernet LANs

UTP

What does UCaaS stand for?

Unified Communications-as-a-Service

It is common in networks for the ________ to provide speed and the _________ to provide flexibility.

VLAN, IP subnetwork

What company developed Ethernet?

Xerox

What is a local area network

a closed circuit of interconnected devices

What does each entry in a routing table signify

a link

What does the term resilience mean?

a network's ability to maintain quality and level of service despite any interruptions

What is NOT one of the three basic services delivered by Layer 1 for all active physical connections

accepting data from the Session Layer and, if necessary, decrypting it for the Application Layer

Selecting a vendor is a step in the ________ phase of an RFP.

active

When must a frame prepare to be transmitted on LAN, a WAN, or the Internet

after it is addressed to a host on another network and sent to Layer 3

What is NOT one of the critical VoIP functions that H.323 provides

analog-to-digital voice signal conversion

How do many organizations use a physical topology

as a wiring and device diagram

ou are a CIO and you want to implement a new telephony system for your organization. What is an action you can take before implementing this system?

auditing all your existing numbers

The collection of all nodes connected to the same set of hubs or switches is known as a _________

broadcast domain

How do attackers accomplish ARP spoofing

by altering the address table in such a way that a node sends frames with a source MAC address that is not its own allowing the attacker's node to pretend to be a different device

An attacker adds a series of false entries to an address table. How might this compromise the network

by causing switches to send frames to incorrect nodes

How do NIC cards react to a collision

by retransmitting after receiving notification of a collision

Layer 1 contains __________ and __________

cables, interfaces

All of these following are terms for the same topology EXCEPT:

campus backbone

he original telephone system is an example of a system that used a ________ network

circuit-switched

What are the two main, general classifications of softphones

client and server

What does an HSP provide?

cloud services

What compress(es) a 64K VoIP data stream into a lower bit-rate

codecs

What is NOT an important requirement for the creation of a new or improved network solution

confidentiality

How did organizations first create networks

connecting two computers with a single cable

RTP provides "_________," while RTCP provides __________

containers, feedback

What is the term for the tendency for different systems to naturally evolve to perform similar tasks

convergence

What concept enabled formerly diverse technologies (e.g., video, data, and telephony) to interact and have common resources?

convergence of network technologies

IPv4 addresses are written in ____________.

dot notation

The two methods with which routers communicate with one another are ________ protocols and ____________ protocols

dynamic routing, static routing

A small organization has between 101 and 499 employees.

false

The process whereby IP software separates packets into smaller chunks is called ___________

fragmentation

What is NOT generally a step in the RFD model

get the order

What is NOT one of the three primary VoIP tools that provides endpoints for VoIP calls

hardware VoIP(as opposed to mobile and integrated VoIP, software VoIP, and IP phones)

HSP stands for _______________.

hosting/hosted service provider

At a minimum, to what must a router be connected?

its own network and an external network

What does twisted-pair cabling do for organizations running cables to nodes

makes it inexpensive and simple to do

VoIP applications that run on mobile devices or that are integrated into mobile devices are called ___________

mobile/integrated VoIP

What is not one of the three basic types of network backbones

monopolistic

Metcalfe's Law says that a mesh network must have ___________ connections to directly connect each node to all the other nodes.

n(n - 1)/2

Internetworking at the Data Link Layer requires a ______ device called a ________

networking, MAC layer bridge

What word best describes the relationship between SIP and UC?

partners

What devices are you NOT most likely to find connected to an SMB's networks

personal computers

What two services can be used to help locate human and nonhuman resources as well as the distance between two or more resources?

proximity and presence

RFID stands for

radio frequency identification

What is NOT a reason to separate and internetwork LANs

reducing costs

In what kind of network do network nodes transmit using the same medium?

shared domain medium

Today, Ethernet networks are ___________ to both build and maintain.

simpler and less expensive

What is one reason for SIP's popularity

simplicity

What two aspects of a broadcast domain are directly related to network performance and security?

size and scope

SMB stands for

small- and medium-sized business

What is another term for softphones

software VoIP

What is a codec?

software that handles encoding and decoding for VoIP

What does the IEEE 802.3 family of standards define

standards and specifications for the various current Ethernet hardware and technologies

What happens if a TTL packet times out?

the current router drops the packet

What inspired the development of the flat backbone

the desire to address performance problems of hierarchical backbones

What do all learning network devices have in common

the same series of steps for finding unknown nodes

In UTP cables, why is each pair of wires twisted together

to cancel out the effects of EMI

What is the Network Layer's main purpose

to deliver datagrams from one layer to another

What is the purpose of the session part of an SDP

to provide the session with connectivity and context information

What is an accurate list of design considerations that must be examined to internetwork workgroup LANS together

total number of workgroup LANs; physical distance between workgroup LANs; transmission media/cabling installed between wiring closets; Layer 2 or Layer 3 switching; VLANs and Ethernet tagging; internetworking solution; switched LAN aggregation; network security

What is something that most VoIP implementations include

uc

A VLAN is a _______ LAN

virtual

What correctly describes the "applications convergence" phase?

when evolutions in UC and its capabilities began to change the fundamental aspects of how organizations communicate, interact, and operate

What correctly describes the "transport convergence phase"?

when organizations first started to switch from circuit-switched network contracts to all- or mainly-IP networks, bypassing traditional phone systems and lowering costs

A network node wishes to reach any other network node in its broadcast domain. How would it do this?

with a Layer 2 broadcast message

How does Ethernet deal with broadcast transmissions?

with a MAC broadcast address

TCP/IP became the dominant global protocol due to careful planning on the part of its developers

False

The "transport convergence phase" is also known as the virtualization phase.

False

The Layer 3 protocol that most commonly uses broadcast transmission is ARP.

False

The Presentation Layer is the most visible OSI layer, hence the name

False

The basic principles of CSMA/CD have changed as the IEEE 802.3 family of standards has evolved

False

The connection medium can be microwaves, radio waves, or even light waves

False

The network topology is how the actual network works and how you transfer data in a network.

False

The original 802.3 standard defined Ethernet running as fast as 100 Gbps using fiber optic cabling

False

There is only one correct definition of UC

False

Unlike other enterprises, educational organizations cannot provide second-hand information.

False

VoIP solutions require expensive and specialized network hardware and software

False

When designing and implementing edge networks for workgroup LAN connectivity, it is a best practice to enable and activate non-active ports.

False

What is the primary purpose of routers

Figuring out which of its connections will transport a datagram to a given destination in the best and most efficient way

Choose the option that best explains the function of routing tables in the process of routing of a packet.

First, a router receives a forwarded datagram. The router then extracts the packet's destination address. Using the routing table and the extracted address, the router figures out the best and most efficient interface port for the packet to be sent.

you are attempting to convince your boss to approve your plan to completely replace traditional telephone communications with VoIP in your workplace. What is something you might say to help convince your boss to approve this plan?

Implementing VoIP will allow you to centralize network security and support.

A mesh topology is a network layout in which all nodes directly connect to all other nodes

True

ARP usually resolves IPv4 addresses rather than IPv6 addresses

True

Datagram/packet encapsulation, error and handling diagnostics, fragmentation and reassembly, internetwork routing, and logical addressing are all functions or actions defined on the Network Layer.

True

Edge networks can be either wired or wireless

True

For the most part, dumb terminals connect to central computers using a serial communications connection.

True

It is easy for many workstations and device to reach maximum distance and path length limits

True

It is possible for manufacturing organizations to streamline their order-to-delivery process.

True

Layer 2 switches have multiple collision domains

True

Packet-switched networks are those that transmit packets as individual messages.

True

Retail businesses have found that UC solutions allow them to provide more sophisticated customer service.

True

Serial communications means that the terminal would send or receive one character at a time in a serial fashion.

True

TCP and IP were developed by ARPANET in the 1970s.

True

The Network Layer contains most network protocols, functions, and tasks.

True

The benefits of UC and process automation include shortening the order lead time and incorporating JIT inventory and manufacturing.

True

The creation of separate collision domains reduces the number of devices that can receive any frame and results in less collisions and unnecessary traffic.

True

The early adoption period of the Internet began in 1994 and ended in 1997.

True

The goal of CSMA/CD is to avoid collisions and incorporate collision detection

True

The three common network connection levels are edge, distribution, and core backbone.

True

The way computers communicate through layered protocols mirrors the way that humans communicate with one another

True

VoIP increases traffic on a network, and implementing that technology necessitates an increase in the network's responsiveness

True

What was NOT a primary focus during any of the phases of the adoption of the Internet after the early adoption period?

a "hands off" approach

A rack-mounted collapsed backbone combines a _______________ and ____________

a collapsed backbone, a flat backbone

A network designer is attempting to decide whether to separate subnetworks into broadcast or collision domains. What should the designer take into consideration when making this decision?

how often the nodes need to communicate between subnetworks

What is NOT a mode of operation that Layer 5 offers

hybrid duplex

What is NOT a typical step that enterprise businesses use to approach and address communication problems

identify the solution

ist the steps required to set up a VoIP telephone call.

ignaling, setting up the media channel, digitizing the analog voice signal, encoding the message, decomposing the message into network packets, and transmitting the packets on the IP network

What is NOT one of IETF's architectural objectives for SIP

independence from higher-level protocols(as opposed to end to end service features, independence from lower protocols, simplicity)

With whom are softphones most popular?

individuals and small organizations

What is NOT one of the most common devices found in SOHOs?

information kiosks

What is a switching loop?

a situation resulting from multiple paths between switches

What is a broadcast storm

a situation that causes broadcast messages to forward and replicate until a network can no longer handle the resulting traffic

What ability does using multiple modes of business communications give to enterprise businesses

ability to break processes up into smaller parts

A ______ topology starts with a coaxial cable that can support high-speed network communications but is subject to physical distance limitations and maximum number of devices per bus or Ethernet LAN segment.

bus

A datagram is a(n)

packet

IP phones __________________

take care of the process of converting analog voice signals to digital voice signals

Alexander Graham Bell created an idea that was later globally standardized by the ITU. What was this idea?

telephone numbers

What is a term that is more "correct" than voice transmission

telephony

Coaxial cable is a completely outmoded type of media and is no longer used for Ethernet

False

Ethernet attempts to prevent all collisions, because bus topologies with excessive collisions can cause problems.

False

Fragmentation means wrapping higher-layer data with more information before sending it all to a lower layer.

False

Hubs maximize the use of switched LAN connections.

False

IPv6 addresses are usually resolved by ARP

False

EMI stands for external magnetic interference.

Correct

Choose the best definition of VoIP

Correct voice communications transmitted over an IP network through the combined use of a collection of related techniques, protocols, and technologies

What is an MITM attack?

Correct when the attacker alters the ARP table and changes the MAC address to point to the attacker's own IP address for the purpose of intercepting, stealing, or forwarding information meant for the intended recipient

What correctly describes the "service convergence" phase?

Correct when the system began to simplify and move towards virtual network resources, making the first steps to integrate security and distributed call control

What is NOT an important requirement that a network must provide, regardless of the type of network topology selected

Customer support for time-sensitive applications

In the context of VoIP, the encoding is the process by which digital data is converted back into an analog voice signal on the receiving end

False

It is simple for banking and financial services to provide summarized data

False

LAN hubs increased in popularity since the late 1980s and are vital to the function of modern businesses and organizations.

False

Most wireless Ethernet devices rely on Wi-Fi transmission

False

QoE and QoS are interchangeable terms.

False

RTP is the Layer 7 protocol that transfers files between network nodes.

False

Routing protocols and routed protocols are synonyms for the same term.

False

SIP was specifically designed to support VoIP

False

What layer comprises a network engineer's core duties and responsibilities

Network

What option correctly lists the items that can typically be found in a routing table entry?

Network ID or host internetworking logical address; subnet prefix or mask to extract the network ID from the destination IP address; forwarding address; interface port associated with the network ID; routing metric

_______________ refers to network device layout

Network topology

You read in a newspaper that a new technology will soon be available that would increase your organization's Ethernet speed. The article postulates that it may be so innovative that it will eventually completely replace fiber optic cabling, but it will be expensive. Your company is about to expand the number of locations it has. From the given options, what is the best choice for your company?

New technology tends to cost more than existing technology for a variety of reasons. It may be a useful technological advancement in the future, but your technology is currently sufficient for your needs. It would be best to wait until the new technology costs less and is proven effective before investing in and deploying it.

VoIP's ability to transmit voice and data communications over the same network simultaneously allows for the use of feature-rich communications, but this ability also increases overall infrastructure costs.

false

What do a bus topology and a LAN with centralized hubs have in common

All nodes are in a single collision domain.

What are the "upper layers"

Application, Presentation, and Session

Because routed protocols find and choose routes for data being transmitted across networks, a routed protocol is a router's operating system.

False

A mnemonic device is a pattern or phrase that helps you remember something. The mnemonic for the layers of the OSI model is "application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical."

False

All medical professionals can benefit from UC solutions, except for first-responders. UC is irrelevant to first-responders, because getting to the scene of a medical crisis is a greater logistical concern for first-responders than communicating efficiently.

False

An attacker can alter address tables to intercept information, but not to masquerade as another device

False

An edge network is a group of users and the devices necessary for their job functions

False

What Layer 6 protocol supports multiple character sets, binary attachments, and multipart message bodies by extending e-mail message formats?

MIME

What is NOT a difference between today's Ethernet and the original Ethernet

Modern Ethernet is wireless, but the original Ethernet ran on "Thicknet" coaxial cable

What is the dominant global protocol?

TCP/IP

What is NOT one of the three fields that make up TCI?

TPID

What is NOT something that both broadcast and collision domains can affect in a network

confidentiality

What is the assurance that only authorized users can access and use data

confidentiality

What is an advantage of centralized switching

eliminates the need for a shared bus

A tag _________ occurs when two switches are connected via a cable running between two tag _________ and results in a VLANs spread across the two switches.

link, port

MITM stands for _________

man-in-the-middle

The two rules of abbreviating IPv6 addresses are to ___________________ and ________________.

omit leading zeros in groups of hexadecimal digits; replace only one grouping of two or more consecutive groupings of zeros in an address with a double colon

What application environments frequently operate using Layer 5 services

ones that use remote procedure calls

Who can access an intranet

only employees

What approach does Ethernet use for transmission

optimistic transmission

RFP stands for

request for proposal

To transform packets into messages, the destination must do the following, EXCEPT __________________

request that packets arrive in order

What kind of Network Layer protocols assign the formatting for data being sent across networks along with IP and sub-IP protocols

routed Answers: routing router Correct routed route

What limits Layer 2 broadcast messages to single broadcast domains?

routers

What kind of Layer 3 protocols help routers to find routes and help to determine the most efficient of these routes?

routing

The calculation of the cost for a specified route is known as the ___________

routing metric

A ___________ protocol can route a __________ protocol

routing, routed

What is an accurate list of important background and planning tasks that a manufacturer must complete before a customer signs a contract?

sales proposal; statement of work; solution mapped to IT and UC enablement; calculating total costs

What is the term that describes a collection of standard components that connect with each other to provide a complete cabling solution?

structured cabling systems

What does the term traffic or load mean

the amount of bandwidth being used on a link

If a switch allows for the grouping of ports, then this enables _______________

the creation of two or more VLANs

What is the purpose of ATAs

to convert analog voice signals from a traditional analog phone into a digital signal that will work on VoIP

All of the following are the names of the most common SIP gateway types, EXCEPT __________

trucking(as opposed to trunking, signaling, service/feature)

The difference between IP telephony and VoIP is that IP telephony refers to all technology implementing digital telephony over IP networks, while VoIP is the specific technology that IP telephony systems use to transport phone calls.

true


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